Isiselo somdiliya! IsiGrike Kum

Intshayelelo: Ukufumanisa iiwayini zamaGrike-Umdlalo wePalate

Kolu ngcelele luneenxalenye ezi-4, “Iwayini zamaGrike. Isikali esiNcinci + iMpembelelo enkulu,” sijonga ukuba kutheni iwayini zamaGrike kufuneka zibe kwiradar yakho.

Iindidi zeDiliya zemveli: IGreece izidla ngaphezu kwama-300 eediliya zemveli, nganye inencasa zayo kunye neempawu zayo. Le yantlukwano emangalisayo ivumela abathandi bewayini ukuphonononga uluhlu olubanzi lweentetho zomdiliya ezibonisa ilifa lemveli leviticultural yaseGrisi. Ukususela kwi-Assyrtiko epholileyo kunye ne-mineral-drived Assyrtiko ukuya kwiphunga elimnandi kunye neentyatyambo UMoschofilero, kukho iwayini yamaGrike elungele yonke inkalakahla. Ukuphonononga ezi ndidi zemveli kufana nokuqalisa uhambo ngenqanawa eGrisi terroir kunye nenkcubeko.

I-terroir eyahlukileyo: Imozulu yaseGreece eyahluka-hlukeneyo, ukukhanya kwelanga okuninzi, kunye nokwakheka komhlaba okwahlukileyo kunegalelo kumgangatho obalaseleyo womhlaba wayo. iwayini. Imozulu enelanga kunye neyomileyo ivumela iidiliya ukuba zivuthwe ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nencasa egxile kunye neasidi edlamkileyo. Umhlaba obhityileyo kunye nombi, odla ngokufumaneka kwimimandla esezintabeni, unyanzela imidiliya ukuba isokole, ivelisa isivuno esisezantsi kodwa imidiliya yodidi olubalaseleyo. Le ndibaniselwano yezinto idala iwayini ezintsonkothileyo, ubunzulu, kunye noluvo oluqinileyo ngendawo.

Iiwayini eziMhlophe ezinomtsalane: Iwayini ezimhlophe zamaGrike zifumene ukuwongwa kumazwe ngamazwe ngomgangatho wazo obalaseleyo kunye nesimilo esahlukileyo. I-Assyrtiko, ekhuliswa kakhulu e-Santorini, ivelisa iwayini ezomileyo emathanjeni ezineasidi ephezulu, ebizwa ngokuba yiminerality, kunye nencasa ehlaziyayo yesitrasi. I-Malagousia kunye ne-Moschofilero zibonelela ngeeprofayili ezinevumba elimnandi kunye namanqaku eentyatyambo kunye neengcebiso zeziqhamo ezingaqhelekanga. Ezi wayini zimhlophe ziguquguquka kwaye zidibanisa kakuhle kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya, zibenza ukuba badibanise okumnandi kuyo nayiphi na iqoqo lewayini.

Iiwayini eziBomvu eziXinisayo: Iwayini ezibomvu zamaGrike, ngakumbi i-Xinomavro kunye ne-Agiorgitiko, nazo zifumene ukuhoywa ngobunzulu kunye nobunzima bazo. I-Xinomavro, ehlala ithelekiswa ne-Nebbiolo yase-Italiya, ivelisa iibomvu ezifanelekileyo ubudala kunye ne-tannins eqinile, i-acidity ephilileyo, kunye neencasa zeziqhamo ezimnyama, iziqholo kunye nomhlaba. I-Agiorgitiko, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Blood of Hercules" ihambisa iwayini ezintle kwaye ezinomzimba ophakathi kunye nencasa yeziqhamo ezibomvu kunye neetannins ezisilika. Ezi wayini zibomvu zibonelela ngendlela ekhethekileyo kwiindidi zediliya zakudala kwaye zibonelela ngamava anyanzelisayo kwabo bathanda iwayini.

Izimbo ezilungele ukutya: Iwayini zamaGrike ziyaziwa ngokutya kwazo kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukuncedisa kakuhle ukutya kwelizwe. Ngokugxininisa kwizithako ezitsha, imifuno enevumba elimnandi, kunye neencasa ezinamandla, ukutya kwamaGrike kuhambelana kakuhle newayini yamaGrike. Nokuba uyakonwabela ukutya kwaselwandle kunye ne-Assyrtiko epholileyo, ukudibanisa isitya segusha kunye ne-Xinomavro enesibindi, okanye i-Greek meze eyolisayo ene-Agiorgitiko eguquguqukayo, iiwayini zamaGrike ziphakamisa amava okutya kwaye zenze izibini ezihambelanayo.

Isiselo somdiliya! IsiGrike Kum

Kwisithethe samaGrike: "UUmgangatho ayisosenzo, ngumkhwa.” – Aristotle

Ngelixa iGrisi inembali etyebileyo yewayini kwaye yenze igalelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iwayini, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezibe negalelo ekubeni iwayini zayo zingathathwa njengesiqhelo zibekwe phakathi kwamazwe amathathu aphezulu ewayini ehlabathini okanye ziboniswe kulo lonke uluhlu lwewayini kuzo zonke iibhari kunye nendawo yokutyela. Izizathu ezimbalwa ziquka:

1.       Isiko lokuthumela ngaphandle elilinganiselwe: Kwangexesha elide, iiwayini zamaGrike zazityiwa kakhulu ekhaya, kwaye kwakungekho gxininiso lunamandla ekuzithumeleni ngaphandle. Ngenxa yoko, iiwayini zamaGrike azizange zifumane ukuqondwa okukhulu kumazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuvezwa xa kuthelekiswa newayini ezivela kumazwe afana neFransi, i-Italiya ne-Spain.

2.       Isidima kunye nembono: Ngaphambili, iiwayini zamaGrike zazihlala zinxulunyaniswa nomgangatho ophantsi kunye neenketho ezingabizi kakhulu. Olu luvo luye lwatshintsha ekuhambeni kweminyaka njengoko abenzi bewayini baseGreece bebesenza iwayini ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa kuthatha ixesha ukoyisa iinkolelo zakudala kunye nokuseka igama elitsha.

3.       Ukunqongophala kwentengiso kunye nokukhuthaza: Ishishini lewayini laseGreece alityali mali ingako ekuthengiseni nasekukhuthazeni kwihlabathi jikelele xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe avelisa iwayini. Iinzame zentengiso zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kolwazi lwebrendi nokwandisa ubukho beewayini zelizwe kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe.

4.       Imveliso enyiniweyo kunye nosasazo: IGrisi lilizwe elincinci elivelisa iwayini, zombini ngokomhlaba ophantsi komdiliya kunye nemveliso epheleleyo. Ukufumaneka okulinganiselweyo kwewayini zamaGrike kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe kunokubalelwa kumthamo wemveliso yelizwe, kunye nemicelimngeni enxulumene nokuhanjiswa kunye nolungiselelo.

5.       Ishishini eliqhekezayo: Ushishino lwewayini lwaseGreece luphawulwa linani elikhulu labavelisi abancinci, abasoloko besebenza ngeentlobo zediliya zemveli. Ngelixa le yantlukwano ingamandla, inokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwenza isazisi esimanyeneyo nesibonakalayo sewayini yamaGrike kwinqanaba lehlabathi.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umbono wewayini zamaGrike utshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye bafumana ukuqaphela ngakumbi kwihlabathi jikelele. Abathandi bewayini abaninzi bafumanisa kwaye baxabisa iimpawu ezizodwa kunye neencasa zewayini zamaGrike. Njengoko ishishini liqhubeka nokukhula, kunye nemizamo eyandisiweyo ekuthengiseni nasekukhuthazeni, kunokwenzeka ukuba iiwayini zamaGrike ziya kufumana ukuvelela ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.

Oothixo Bathanda Iiwayini ZamaGrike

Iwayini yayidla ngokusetyenziswa kwizithethe zonqulo nakwimibhiyozo. Yayinikelwa njengomnikelo othululwayo koothixo ebudeni bemithandazo namadini. Ukongezelela, iwayini kwakukholelwa ukuba inika amandla kunye nesibindi, ngoko yayinikwa amadoda ngaphambi kokuba aye emfazweni. AmaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba iwayini ineempawu zobuthixo yaye isisipho esivela koothixo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nangona iwayini yayithandwa ngabaninzi, yayisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngamaqela aphezulu oluntu lwamaGrike. Inkoliso yabo babesela yayingamadoda, njengoko babenenkululeko engakumbi yokubandakanyeka kwizinto zasekuhlaleni nezenkcubeko. Iwayini yayibonwa njengobunewunewu kunye nophawu lobutyebi kunye newonga.

Umthumeli ngaphandle kunye noMphembeleli

Isizwe samaGrike sakha sabonelela ngeelitha ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 ngonyaka eGaul, ummandla ngoku esiyibiza ngokuba yiFransi. Ukuthunyelwa kwewayini kumazwe angaphandle bekubalulekile njengoko iwayini ifumana ixabiso eliphezulu kumazwe angaphandle. Imidiliya yathunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle kwimimandla emininzi kumazantsi eYurophu kwaye uninzi lwafika eSicily nge8^th kwinkulungwane BC. I-Etruscans idlale indima enkulu ekwandiseni ukulinywa kwediliya ukusuka eTuscany kwaye ngamaGreki athe azisa imveliso yewayini e Italy. AmaGrike azisa iwayini eMarseille malunga ne-600 BC kwaye yaziswa ngokukhawuleza kunxweme lweMeditera.

IGrisi iphinde yaseka izidiliya zokuqala kwiProvence yanamhlanje, eSicily, nakusingasiqithi weItali. AmaGrike akudala amkela i-viticulture kunye nokwenza iwayini, kunye nobungqina bemveliso yewayini kunye nokuselwa okusukela kwiwaka lesithathu leminyaka BC. Singawabulela amaGreki ngokuhlela iwayini ngokusekwe kumgangatho, kunye neendawo ezithile zemidiliya kunye nemimandla evelisa iwayini ezazibonwa njengephezulu. Le ngcamango ye-terroir, okanye impembelelo yendawo ethile yendawo kwiimpawu zewayini, yamkelwa ngamaGrike amandulo. Bade babenegama lewayini zabo zodidi oluphezulu, bebhekisela kuzo njenge "grand cru".

Ukuze bakhusele igama lewayini yabo nokuthintela ubuqhophololo, amaGrike amandulo amisela umthetho olawula ukuthengiswa kwewayini. I-Amphorae, izitya zodongwe ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha nokugcina iwayini, zatywinwa ngabalawuli baseburhulumenteni ukuqinisekisa ubunyani. Imimiselo ethe ngqo yayichaza ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwezikhongozeli, kwaye kwakukho imithetho elawula ukuveliswa kunye nesazisi.

Omnye umzekelo othakazelisayo womthetho onjalo uvela kwisiqithi saseThassos, apho imithetho yasekwa khona ngenkulungwane yesihlanu BC. Ngokwale mithetho, iwayini ye-Thassos bekufuneka ibenophawu lwentyatyambo olwahlukileyo, oluphunyezwe ngokufaka iintyatyambo zerozi ngexesha lokuvuthwa. Le mithetho kukholelwa ukuba yeyona indala kwihlabathi lewayini kwaye ibonisa ukuhoywa kwamaGrike amandulo kwiinkcukacha kunye nomnqweno wabo wokuvelisa iwayini ezineempawu ezithile. Abemi babengavumelekanga ukuba bangenise iwayini yangaphandle kwaye iinqanawa ezithwele iwayini zazingakwazi ukusondela kwizibuko lesi siqithi.

Ukoyiswa kweGrisi ngamaRoma ngowe-146 BC kwaphawula ukuphela kwexesha. IAthene yayeka ukuba sisixeko esinamandla kwiMeditera. Amaziko orhwebo ashenxisiwe ukusuka eGrisi ukuya eRoma, kumbindi we-Italiya nakumazantsi eFransi. Lo mxube mtsha wezopolitiko ubenefuthe elibi kwiwayini zaseGreece njengoko abavelisi bebenofikelelo olulinganiselweyo kwiimarike ezintsha nezisakhulayo. Ngexesha lenkulungwane yesibini neyesithathu AD umfanekiso wewayini yamaGrike wabuna.

Akakhuphisani

Ngaphandle kwale mbali ityebileyo kunye nokubaluleka kwenkcubeko, iwayini zamaGrike azisoloko zibonwa kwinqanaba lehlabathi ngokulingana nezo zisuka kumazwe afana ne France, Italy, kunye ne Spain. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iiwayini zamaGrike ziye zafumana ingqwalasela engakumbi kunye nokuqatshelwa kumazwe ngamazwe. Banikezela ngeendidi zeediliya ezikhethekileyo, iiterroirs ezahlukeneyo, kunye neencasa ezahlukileyo ezinomtsalane kubantu abathanda iwayini abafuna into eyahlukileyo neyonwabisayo.

Ishishini lale mihla lewayini laseGreece lityala imali kwimveliso esemgangathweni kunye neenzame zokuthengisa ukunyusa ulwazi kunye nokuxabisa iwayini yamaGrike kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngelixa zingase zibekwe phakathi kwamazwe amathathu aphezulu ewayini okwangoku, iwayini zamaGrike zinelifa ekudala zikho kwaye ziyaqhubeka nokwenza uphawu lwazo kwimiboniso yewayini yehlabathi njengoko ziqaphela ukubaluleka kwewayini kunye nendima yayo eluntwini, kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. .

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, iGrisi yayijongene nemiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo ngenxa yembali yokudodobala kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ezi ziphazamiso zibandakanya iinkulungwane zokuhlala kwe-Ottoman, ukuDodobala okuKhulu, iimfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini, umkhosi womkhosi, kunye nothotho lweengxaki zemali. Ukongeza kule mingeni, abenzi bewayini baseGrisi kwafuneka bajongane nempembelelo yephylloxera, isitshabalalisi esibonakala ngemicroscope esafika eGrisi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.

I-Phylloxera yayisele itshabalalise izidiliya kwezinye iindawo zasentshona yeYurophu ngaphambi kokuba ifike eGrisi. Ngenxa yoko, abalimi abaninzi baseGreece kuye kwafuneka batshintshe iindidi zabo zemidiliya zemveli bafake iintlobo zeFrench ezimiliselwe kwi-American rootstock, ekwaziyo ukumelana nephylloxera. Nangona kunjalo, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba isiqithi saseSantorini sahlala singenayo i-phylloxera kwaye sihlakulela imidiliya yamandulo, okwenza kube yinto ekhethekileyo.

Emva kobunzima bezemali ngo-2008, ishishini lewayini laseGreece liye lenza utshintsho kwaye lajikela kwiimarike zangaphandle nezamazwe ngamazwe ukuze liphile. Ukuqaphela amandla orhwebo lwehlabathi, abenzi bewayini baseGrike baye bajongeka ngaphandle kwaye bagxile ekuthengiseni iimveliso zabo kumazwe angaphandle. Ipesenti ebalulekileyo yemveliso yewayini yaseGrike yathunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, ibalaselisa utshintsho lweshishini kwindlela yamazwe ngamazwe. Iwayini yamaGrike ngoku ithunyelwa phantse kuwo onke amazwe kwihlabathi jikelele. IManyano yaseYurophu iseyeyona marike iphambili, ibalelwa kwi-85.2% yewayini iyonke ethunyelwa ngaphandle, ababoneleli abaphambili yiJamani neFransi. Oku kubonisa ukukhula kokuqondwa kunye nokwamkelwa kwewayini zamaGrike kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe.

Uhambo lweshishini lewayini laseGrisi ukusuka ekoyiseni imiceli mngeni yembali, kuquka iphylloxera kunye nokusilela kwezopolitiko noqoqosho, ukuya ekwamkeleni intengiso yezizwe ngezizwe kube negalelo ekunyusweni kwewayini yamaGrike kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Namhlanje, abenzi bewayini baseGrisi bayazingca babonisa ngeemveliso zabo ezikhethekileyo kubantu abathanda iwayini kwihlabathi jikelele.

Ukongeza, iiwayini zamaGrike zihlala zineentlobo zeediliya zemveli ezingaziwayo ngaphandle kweGrisi. Nangona oku kungafaniyo kunokuba namandla, kunokubonisa umngeni wokuthengisa. Abathengi bangaziqhelanisa neendidi zediliya ezifana ne Cabernet Sauvignon okanye Chardonnay kwaye banokuthandabuza ukuzama iwayini ezenziwe ngeentlobo zediliya ezingaqhelekanga zase Greek.

Ngethamsanqa kubalandeli be wayini, kuye kwakho umdla okhulayo, ukuxatyiswa, kunye nokufumaneka kwe wayini zamaGrike njengoko abavelisi bebesebenza nzima ukubonisa umlinganiswa owahlukileyo kunye nomgangatho we wayini zabo. Bebezama iindlela ezintsha zokwenza iwayini, bephucula iindlela zokulawula isidiliya, kwaye bagxile kumgangatho endaweni yobuninzi.

Kukwakho neenzame ezenziwayo zokufundisa iingcali zorhwebo lwewayini zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabathengi malunga newayini zamaGrike. Oku kuquka ukuqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwembali, ukugxininisa ukuhlukahluka kweentlobo zediliya, kunye nokukhuthaza uluvo lokuba iwayini yaseGreek ingonwatyelwa njengenxalenye yemihla ngemihla yobomi.

Ngale nzame ziqhubekayo, iiwayini zaseGrike ziye zafumana ukuqatshelwa kunye nodumo kukhuphiswano lwewayini lwezizwe ngezizwe kunye nopapasho. Ngelixa besenokungabi kumazwe amathathu aphezulu ewayini okwangoku, baya kuxatyiswa ngakumbi ngabathandi bewayini kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye nodumo lwabo luyaqhubeka nokukhula.

© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.