Kangangeminyaka emininzi, iinkokeli zobubele baseAfrika zisebenze nzima kakhulu ukugcina imigangatho yokusebenza xa iimveliso ezibalulekileyo zingafumanekiyo ukuze zifunwe kwangexesha ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, ukusuka kutshintsho lwezithintelo zorhwebo, iziseko zophuhliso ezingezizo ezothutho, ukuguquguquka kwemali, kunye nokuqhekeka kwekhonkco lokubonelela.
Kule veki iinkokeli kulo lonke icandelo lokwamkela iindwendwe ziye zehla kwisixeko saseNairobi, ikomkhulu elidlamkileyo laseKenya kunye nombindi weMpuma Afrika, ukujoyina iForam yoTyalo-mali ye-Afrika yoNyaka (I-AHIF) ukuxoxa ngamathuba ohlumo kwingingqi, kunye nokwabelana ngezinto abazifundileyo kunyaka ophelileyo kubandakanywa nophuhliso kulo lonke urhwebo kunye nenkangeleko yokusebenza. Ozimase i-CEO ye-Toggle Market, u-Fuad Sajdi, kunye ne-VP yase-Afrika, u-Abraham Muthogo Kamau, apho bebekhokele iingxoxo malunga nokuxhotyiswa koncedo lwasekhaya nolwengingqi, kunye neendlela ezitsha ezithi icandelo licuthe iindleko zokusebenza.
Imingeni yekhonkco lonikezelo kwi iAfrika ibe ngomnye wemiqobo ephambili yokukhula koqoqosho kunye nokwahlukana, kunye namashishini aqhubelekayo ehlawula amaxabiso anyusiweyo phantse kuyo yonke imveliso etyiwayo nesebenzayo engakhuliswanga ekuhlaleni okanye eveliswayo - apho nalapho kunengeniso ethe chatha ukuthengisa ngaphandle kweli lizwekazi kunokubonelela. kwimarike yengingqi ngenxa yobuthathaka bemigaqo yorhwebo lwangaphakathi.
Namhlanje kukho imiqondiso ethembisayo yokuba le meko iguquka ngokukhawuleza
Ishishini laseAfrika lokwamkela iindwendwe likwimeko yenguqu enkulu. Ii-catalysts? Amanyathelo okurhweba asezantsi, itekhnoloji eguquka ngokukhawuleza, kunye nesizukulwana esitsha seenkokeli ezinombono. La mandla acela umngeni kwingqondo yesiqhelo “yoshishino njengesiqhelo” kwaye ibumba ngokutsha ubume bobubele baseAfrika.
UMmandla weLizwekazi le-Afrika ongaHlawuliswayo kuRhwebo (i-AfCFTA), owona mmandla mkhulu worhwebo simahla kwihlabathi ukusukela ekusekweni koMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi, umiselwe ukuba uxhase ngokubonakalayo urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika. Ngokunciphisa imiqobo yorhwebo, ivumela ukuhamba okuthe kratya kwempahla, iinkonzo, kunye nabantu ukuwela imida. Umphumo we-ripple uya kuba mkhulu, kunye necandelo lezobubele lelinye lamashishini amaninzi afumana inzuzo yolu manyano lwengingqi.
Ukuqhawula kunye nexesha elidlulileyo
Izifundo zobhubhani we-Covid-19 bezinzima kakhulu kwilizwekazi likhulu lehlabathi ekudala lixhomekeke kubaboneleli kumazwe akude kakhulu, kakhulu kwimpahla evela eTshayina, kumazwe e-European Union (EU), eUnited States naseIndiya.
Thatha umzekelo uMzantsi Afrika osele ulelona lizwe likhulu ekuthengisweni kwemveliso e-Afrika nge-17% yazo zonke izinto ezithengwayo kulo mmandla. Amaqabane ayo amakhulu okungenisa ngo-2023 ayeyi-China kwi-21.9%, ilandelwa yi-United States kwi-8.8%, iJamani kwi-7.3%, i-Indiya 5.8% kunye ne-UAE 3.6%. Awona mazwe alandelayo makhulu angenisa kumazwe angaphandle yiNigeria, Egypt, Morocco, Kenya kunye neGhana.
Indlovu ekweli gumbi kukuba urhwebo lwangaphakathi lwase-Afrika lusami kuphela kwi-15.2%, nto leyo ebonisa kakubi xa kuthelekiswa namanani orhwebo phakathi kwelizwekazi laseMelika, eAsia, naseYurophu, emi kwi-47%, 61%, kunye ne-67%. ngokulandelelanayo, kwaye ekufuneka ibe yintloko yemizamo yengingqi yepan yokuxhasa urhwebo kunye noshishino. Okuninzi koku kungenxa yezithintelo ezininzi zorhwebo ezikhoyo kummandla naphakathi kwamazwe angabamelwane umzekelo.
Ingxelo yakutsha nje yeBhanki yeHlabathi ka-2022 ye-AfCFTA[2] ibonisa ukuba imida phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika iphakathi kwezona zithintelo kwihlabathi kwaye sesona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokuba kukho urhwebo oluncinci kunye notyalo-mali lwangaphakathi e-Afrika.
Impembelelo yoku ngokwenyani ibeka ikhefu ekukhuleni kwamashishini engingqi ngelixa inciphisa ukuhamba kothungelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe oluxhomekeke kakhulu kwiindlela zorhwebo zangaphakathi kwe-Afrika (apho iimpahla zithuthwa ukuwela imida emininzi ngeendlela zomhlaba) ngenxa kwiziseko ezingundoqo ezikumgangatho ophantsi kunye nokunqongophala korhwebo kunye nolungelelwaniso lwesiko.
Kubatyali-mali abakhule ekhaya base-Afrika kunye nabaqhubi, imiceli mngeni yokubonelela ngempahla ihleli ingxamisekile, kwaye uhlengahlengiso luthethe ukulibaziseka okungaguquguqukiyo kwindlela ekhulayo yeeprojekthi, kunye nokuhla kwamaxabiso ngamanye amaxesha kwiinqanawa kunye neenkonzo zolungiselelo, kunye neziphumo zeemali zasekhaya ezibuthathaka.
Uphando lwethu kubo bonke abathengi be-Toggle Hospitality e-Afrika lubonise imizekelo yemisebenzi emininzi ehlawulwe ngolu hlobo ukufumana iimpahla eziwela imida emininzi ekhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso eemveliso nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo.
INtsebenziswano yoRhwebo kunye neNtsebenziswano
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho imiqondiso kuwo onke amacandelo eshishini lokucinga okudityanisiweyo kunye nokwanda kwentsebenziswano yengingqi. Umzekelo, phakathi kwamazwe aseMpuma Afrika kukho ukwanda okubonakalayo kwemisebenzi kuwo omabini amalinge axhaswa ngurhulumente kunye necandelo labucala ngomanyano olukhoyo olufana neBhunga lezoShishino laseMpuma Afrika, iChamber of Commerce and Trade, kunye neMpuma Afrika. Umbutho.
Ukongeza, isivumelwano esinconyiweyo nesilindelekileyo soMmandla weLizwekazi lase-Afrika ongaRhalayo kuRhwebo (i-AfCFTA) silungiselelwe ukuba sibe ngowona mmandla mkhulu worhwebo olukhululekileyo ehlabathini ngokusekwe kwinani lamazwe - ngaxeshanye sidibanise abantu abayi-1.3 bhiliyoni kumazwe angama-55 kunye norhwebo Imveliso yasekhaya edityanisiweyo (i-GDP) exabisa i-US$3.4 yetriliyoni kunye nesakhono esikhulu ngokunjalo sokukhupha abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 kuluhlu lwentlupheko.
Ukuze oku kuphumelele kuya kufuneka ukuba kubekho uhlengahlengiso olumanyeneyo nolubalulekileyo lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye namanyathelo okulungelelaniswa kwezorhwebo ukuze kuncitshiswe i-red tape, kwenziwe lula iinkqubo zesithethe, kunye nokwenza kube lula kumashishini ase-Afrika ukuba adityaniswe kuthungelwano lwehlabathi jikelele. Okuphezulu kukunyusa ingeniso yengeniso malunga ne-300 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
Indima yethekhinoloji kunye nokubaluleka koqoqosho olusekelwe kulwazi luya kuqhubela phambili ekuguquleni impumelelo yezoqoqosho. Ingxelo yakutshanje evela kwi-UNCTAD ilumkise ukuba ukungahoywa kweenkonzo eziphezulu zolwazi, ezifana nolwazi kunye neenkonzo zobuchwepheshe bonxibelelwano kunye neenkonzo zezemali, kuya kuba sisizathu esibalulekileyo sokubamba ukuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo eAfrika.[3]
Isizukulwana esitsha seenkokeli zokubuka iindwendwe e-Afrika zenza amaza
Esinye sezona ziphumo zichulumancisayo zokudityaniswa kommandla ngakumbi kukunyuka kwamatyathanga ehotele akhule ekhaya ngoku asanda ngaphaya kwemida yawo yelizwe. Ngo-2022, uhambo lwangaphakathi e-Afrika lwabalelwa kwi-40% yenani lilonke leendwendwe zehotele kwilizwekazi, ukusuka kuma-34% ngo-2019, ngokweBhanki yoPhuhliso yase-Afrika. Oku kwanda ngokuyinxenye kubangelwe kukucuthwa kwezithintelo zokuhamba kunye nokukhula kwamakhonkco ehotele ase-Afrika.
UMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo woKhenketho lweHlabathi (UNWTO), uqikelelo lwe-134 yezigidi zeendwendwe ngo-2035. La manani enza indawo yesibini ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwezokhenketho emva kwe-Asia Pacific.
Eli zinga litsha leempawu zokwamkela iindwendwe likhokelwa sisizukulwana esiguqukayo seenkokheli zase-Afrika eziziqondayo iimarike zasekhaya kwaye ziphambili ekuphuhliseni uthungelwano olusebenzayo olusekwe kwixabiso kunye nokwenza ubambiswano olomeleleyo lwengingqi. Aba bantu basebenzisa iinzuzo ze-AfCFTA, besebenzisa iindlela ezintsha zokuphucula amava obubele ngencasa eyodwa yaseAfrika enokuthi ibonelele ngcono kwiimfuno zabathengi baseAfrika ngelixa kwangaxeshanye inikezela ngemigangatho yenkonzo yehlabathi. Umzekelo, namhlanje ngaphezulu kwama-80 epesenti yeendawo zokulala eMzantsi Afrika zilawulwa ziimpawu zemveli kunye nenxalenye yecandelo lezokhenketho elingenisa malunga nama-70 epesenti yengeniso yokwamkela iindwendwe. Eli candelo likhula ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke ummandla.
“Kukho utshintsho olukhulu lweparadigm olwenzekayo ngemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo oluqhubela phambili kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Esi sizukulwana sitsha seenkokeli sikulungele ukucacisa ngokutsha undoqo wobubele eAfrika. Kuyasivuyisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kulo nyaka kwi-AHIF ka-2023 eqhubeka unyaka nonyaka ukunceda ukubumba ishishini lokwamkela iindwendwe e-Afrika kunye nokugqamisa amathuba otyalo-mali,” utshilo u-Abraham Muthogo Kamau, i-VP yase-Afrika kwiMarike yeToggle.
Itekhnoloji yeyona nto iqhubayo kule nguqu. IDigitization ingena kuwo onke amava okwamkela iindwendwe ukusuka kwiinkqubo zokubhukisha ukuya kwinkonzo yamagumbi, ngamanani akhulayo eehotele ngoku zisebenzisa uhlobo lwetekhnoloji yegumbi le-smart okanye zisebenzisa iinkonzo eziqhutywa yi-AI ezifana nee-chatbots zenkonzo yabathengi kunye nokubonelela ngee-apps eziphathwayo zokubhukisha kunye nokungena. -ukuhlala iinkonzo.
Ukudityaniswa kobuchwephesha kukwaphucule impumelelo kunye nozinzo kweli candelo. Iihotele zase-Afrika zinokubona ukunyuka kwe-30% ekusebenziseni amandla kunye ne-25% yokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ngenxa yokwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile.
Nangona i-Afrika ifumana kuphela i-5% yesabelo sommandla wokhenketho lwehlabathi jikelele[4] eli nani liyenyuka emva kokudodobala kwe-Covid ngo-2022 ukubona abakhenkethi abazizigidi ezingama-47 bebuyela kwilizwekazi emva kokuphakama kwezigidi ezingama-69 ngo-2019. UNWTO Uqikelelo lwabatyeleli abazizigidi ezili-134 ngo-2035 besenza indawo yesibini ekhula ngokukhawuleza kwezokhenketho emva kwe-Asia Pacific. Kukwakho ukhenketho olomeleleyo nolukhulayo ngaphakathi e-Afrika njengoko iintsapho ezikumgangatho ophakathi ziya zisanda kunye nabakhenkethi abancinci bekhetha uhambo oluninzi lwasekhaya nolwengingqi.
Ikhonkco lobonelelo, nalo, liye latshintshwa kuzo zombini iinkqubo zokurhweba kunye nobuchwepheshe.
Uphando lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba ixesha elihamba phambili lonikezelo lonikezelo lehle nge-15% ngo-2022. Olu phuculo lubangelwe ziinkqubo ezilungelelanisiweyo zokuwela imida kunye nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zolawulo lonikezelo lwedijithali. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kobu buchwepheshe kuye kwakhokelela kwiinkqubo ezomeleleyo neziphendulayo. Amatyathanga ehotele amaninzi ngoku anokulandelela ukuhanjiswa kwawo ngexesha lokwenyani, imfuno yoqikelelo lwengqikelelo ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye asabele ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho lwentengiso.
Amaza otshintsho aluphelelanga kumatyathanga amakhulu kuphela. Ivakala kuzo zonke iikona zeshishini, ukusuka kwiihotele zeboutique e-Accra ezidibanisa uyilo lwangoku kunye nenkcubeko yaseGhanian, ukuya kwiindawo zokulala ezilungele indalo eMaasai Mara ezilwela ukhenketho oluzinzileyo.
Njengoko urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe ase-Afrika luqhubeka lukhula kwaye nemeko yetekhnoloji iguquka, icandelo lokwamkela iindwendwe laseAfrika lilungiselela ikamva eliqaqambileyo. Eli xesha litsha lingeniswa ngamabhongo, iinkokheli ze-tech-savvy ezilungele ukugungqa endala kwaye zivelise entsha.
