Ihotele yaseMartinique: Izilumkiso zococeko kunye nemibhobho yamanzi igqibelele

I-Hotel Martinique (amagumbi angama-560) kwikona ekumntla-mpuma we-Broadway kunye ne-32nd Street yakhiwa ngezigaba ezithathu ngo-1897-98, 1901-03, kunye ne-1909-11. Umphuhlisi uWilliam RH Martin wakha waza wayandisa ihotele yakhe kuba umbindi wobomi bethiyetha wawunyukele eBroadway ukuya kwi-39th Street apho iMetropolitan Opera House yayakhiwe ngo-1883. UMartin waqesha umzobi obalaseleyo uHenry Janeway Hardenbergh (1874-1918).

UHardenbergh, owaqala umsebenzi wakhe wokwakha eNew York ngo-1870, waba ngomnye wabakhi bezakhiwo ababalaseleyo besixeko. Eyaziwa ngokuba neengoma zabo ezintle kunye nezakhiwo zakhe zihlala zithatha impembelelo yazo kwisiFrentshi, isiDatshi kunye nezimbo zeRenaissance yaseJamani.

UHardenbergh waziwa kakhulu ngehotele yakhe yobunewunewu kunye noyilo lwezindlu ezihlala kuzo. Phakathi kwezokuqala kwezi yiDakota Apartments (indawo ebizwa ngokuba yiNew York City Landmark) kunye neHotele Albert, ngoku eyiAlbert Apartments. Iihotele zakhe zokuqala ezisembindini wedolophu, iWaldorf-Astoria yantlandlolo (iFifth Avenue kunye neWest 34th Street), kunye neManhattan Hotel (Madison kunye neEast 42nd Street) zonke zidiliziwe, kodwa xa zakhiwe zabeka umgangatho woyilo lwehotele obutofotofo, zombini ngaphandle. nangaphakathi. UHardenbergh uqhubekile nokufezekisa uyilo lwehotele yakhe yobunewunewu kwiPlaza Hotel (indawo echongiweyo yeNew York City Landmark), naseWashington, DC, eRaleigh Hotel (ediliziweyo).

Umnini kunye nomphuhlisi weHotele yaseMartinique yayinguWilliam RH Martin, umnini-mhlaba omkhulu eManhattan ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane kwaye wayelilungu eliseka umzi wempahla weRogers, Peet & Company. UMartin wazalelwa eSt. Louis kwaye wayehlala eBrooklyn njengomntwana. Wangena kwishishini lempahla kunye noyise uJohn T. Martin, owayeyikontraka enkulu yomkhosi ngexesha leMfazwe yombango. Kamva abakwaMartins baseka ishishini lempahla ethengiswayo noMarvin Rogers; Yayisaziwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo phambi kokuba ibe nguRogers, uPeet & Co. Martin wasebenza njengentloko yenkampani ukusuka ngo-1877, kodwa wayesele ethathe umhlala-phantsi kwiminyaka eliqela ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngo-1912. UMartin wasebenzisa ubutyebi bakhe ukutyala imali eninzi kwi-real estate yaseManhattan. , yaye ngexesha lokufa kwakhe izinto awayeziphethe zazixabisa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezilishumi zeerandi. Olu tyalo-mali luquka iipropati ezifana neSakhiwo saseMarbridge kunye neHotele yaseMartinique. UMartin wakha waza waxhasa iTrowmart Inn, ikhaya lamantombazana asebenzayo.

UMartin wacinga ngokucacileyo ukuba indawo ye-34th Street-Broadway yayibalulekile, icandelo elikhulayo kushishino notyalo-mali.

URogers, uPeet & Co. wavula ivenkile e-1260 Broadway ngo-1889, nangaphambi kokuba iivenkile ezinkulu ezifana neMacy kunye neSaks zifudukele kwi-34th Street. UMartin wakhetha ukwakha ihotele yakhe entsha kufutshane neGreeley kunye neHerald Squares kuba indawo yayiqala ukunika amathuba amaninzi okuthenga, indawo yemidlalo yeqonga kunye neendawo zokutyela ukutsala urhwebo lwabakhenkethi, kwaye yayikufutshane neendlela ezininzi zokuhamba.

UHardenbergh udale uyilo lweRenaissance yaseFransi eyaba nkulu ekuvulekeni kweGreeley Square enophahla lwemansard olukhaliphileyo, iinqaba kunye needorm ezihonjisiweyo. I-façade ibonisa udumo lukaHardenbergh lokuyila izakhiwo ezisetyenziselwa ixesha elide, kungekhona inzuzo yexesha elifutshane. Izitena ezikhazimlisiweyo, i-terracotta-kunye ne-limestone-clad isakhiwo sikwabonisa umsebenzi wamatye, iibhalkhoni kunye neekhathutshi ezibalaseleyo kuzo zontathu iifacade zayo eziphambili.

IHotele yaseMartinique yavulwa ngoDisemba 21, 1910, inamagumbi angama-600 ewonke. Yayimi kakuhle kumgama wokuhamba ukusuka kwiSikhululo sasePennsylvania esandula ukuvulwa, iMacy's eHerald Square (eyavulwa ngo-1904) kunye ne-PATH yomzila kaloliwe wabakhweli eManhattan terminus e-33rd Street (1907). Ngaphesheya kwesitrato usuka eMartinique kwakukho ivenkile yesebe eGimbels New York. Eyilwe nguDaniel Burnham, isakhiwo sinikezela ngeehektare ezingama-27 zendawo yokuthengisa. Xa esi sakhiwo savulwa ngowe-1910, eyona ndawo yayithengiswa kakhulu yayiziingcango ezininzi ezikhokelela kwisikhululo sikaloliwe esingaphantsi kweHerald Square. Iingcango zikwavulwe kwipaseji yabahambi ngeenyawo phantsi kwe-33rd Street, edibanisa iSikhululo sasePenn kwezo zikhululo zikaloliwe. Umbono weparade yoSuku lokuBonga yaqala ngo-1920 kunye neVenkile yeSebe laseGimbels ePhiladelphia. IMacy's eNew York ayizange iqalise umboniso wayo de kwangowe-1924.

Incwadana enemifanekiso endala yaseMartinique eyaphelelwayo yowe-1910 inale nkcazelo ilandelayo.

IHotele iMartinique imi ekudibaneni kwe-Broadway, iSixth Avenue kunye ne-32nd Street, kwaye iplaza eyakhiwe ngolo hlobo ibizwa ngokuba yiHerald okanye iGreeley Square….Ibhloko enye esempuma yiFifth Avenue, isitalato esikhulu sokuhlala saseNew York. Kwiradiyasi yeebhloko ezintathu kuya kufunyanwa ezona venkile zinkulu zedolophu, nto leyo eyenza ibe likomkhulu elifanelekileyo labathengi. Iithiyetha ezizezona zisembindini kule ngingqi, kwaye iiNdlu ezimbini zeOpera ezinkulu zikumgama ohamba lula…IGentlemen's Broadway Café lilitye elinqabileyo lolwakhiwo lokwenene. Iindonga kunye neentsika zebhastile lase-Italiya zinika eli gumbi ubutyebi obugqitywe ngamaphaneli asePompeiian angenakubuzwa.

Le ncwadana inemifanekiso ihlabela mgama inikela ingxelo yokuba iMartinique yayimi phezu kwazo zonke izakhiwo ezimelene nayo, “ibonisa iimbono nokukhanya okufihlwayo kwihotele yesixeko. Amanyathelo ococeko, imibhobho yamanzi, njl. Amaxabiso amagumbi, ngokutsho kwale ncwadana inemifanekiso, ayezii-R3.50 ngosuku ngegumbi nelokuhlamba, ii-$6.00 nokunyuka kwigumbi lokulala, kwigumbi lokuhlambela nakwigumbi lokuhlambela.

Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, indawo yeBroadway kunye neWest 34th Street yafumana udumo njengesithili esibalulekileyo sokuzonwabisa. Ngeminyaka yee-1860, ezona ndawo zokudlala zisefashonini kunye neAkhademi yoMculo zazibekwe kufutshane ne-Union Square. Ukwakhiwa kweMadison Square Garden kwazisa isithili solonwabo saseNew York ukuya kutsho kwi-23rd Street, kunye neendawo zokuthenga ezisefashonini zeLadies Mile, iihotele kunye neeresityu. Ngeminyaka yoo-1880 iBroadway, phakathi kwe-23rd kunye ne-42nd Street yaba yindawo ekhazimlayo yaseNew York “iNdlela eMhlophe eNkulu” eyayinetiyetha kunye neevenkile ezintle zesebe.

Kwalandela iindawo zokutyela neehotele ezitofotofo, ezazinceda iindwendwe ezininzi ezazithontelana ukuya kulo mmandla wedolophu. I-Metropolitan Opera House, ekwi-Broadway kunye ne-39th Street yavulwa ngo-1883, kwaye yavusa iholo yemidlalo yeqonga ukuya phezulu edolophini. ITheatre yeCasino, iManhattan Opera House, kunye neHarrigan's (kamva iHerald Square Theatre) zonke zazibekwe kufutshane. Kwi-1893, i-Empire Theatre yavulwa kwi-Broadway kunye ne-West 41st Street, ivuselela uphuhliso olungakumbi kwindawo ye-Longacre Square (kamva ebizwa ngokuba yi-Times Square). I-Saks & Co, i-Gimbels kunye ne-RH Macy's yamisa ivenkile e-34th Street ukuqala ngo-1901-02. Iindawo zokutyela ezinje ngeRector's kunye neDelmonico zanelisa iimfuno zegastronomical zezityebi zaseNew York, ngelixa zazihlala kwiihotele ezinjengeMarlborough, iNormandie kunye neVendome.

Empuma, iFifth Avenue yayinethowuni eyahlukileyo, esetwe kukumiselwa kwevenkile enkulu yesebe yeB. Altman kunye neGorham Silver Company, kunye neKnickerbocker Club. Oku kwaqinisekiswa kukuvulwa, ngo-1893 kunye no-1897, kweWaldorf yodidi kunye ne-Astoria Hotels kwi-Fifth Avenue, phakathi kwe-33rd kunye ne-34th Streets. Ibhloko enye ngasentshona yeGreeley Square, isiKhululo sasePennsylvania esicwangcisiweyo sakhuthaza uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo. I-Sixth Avenue kunye ne-34th Street yayikwayindawo yezitrato ezinqumla idolophu, i-Sixth Avenue inyukile, kunye ne-Hudson Tubes ukuya eNew Jersey.

Kodwa xa isithili sethiyetha safudukela edolophini kwindawo yeTimes Square kwaye ezona venkile zibalaseleyo zashiya iSixth Avenue ukuya kwiFifth Avenue, iMartinique yaphulukana neshishini kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yaba yihotele yobunjubaqa. Ngowe-1970, iHotele yaseMartinique, eyayisephantsi kobunini babucala, yayiqesha amagumbi kwisiXeko saseNew York kunye neRed Cross ukuze asetyenziswe njengezindlu ezingxamisekileyo zabantu abangenamakhaya. Phantse iminyaka engamashumi amabini yasebenza njengenye yeehotele zentlalontle zaseNew York.

Emva kweminyaka yokupapashwa kakubi, isixeko sagqiba kwelokuba siyikhuphe ihotele izibane eziluzizi, amagumbi amdaka kunye neepaseji kunye neengxaki zepeyinti yelothe kunye nokususwa kweasbestos. (Ukufumana ifuthe elipheleleyo leemeko ezimanyumnyezi zokuphila, funda “uRakeli nabantwana Bakhe” kaJonathan Kozol echaza ngengxinano, ukunqongophala kweenkonzo kunye norhwaphilizo oluthe lwadala amagingxigingxi kumaqela osapho. , ihotele yafunyanwa kwiiSeason Affiliates kwisivumelwano seminyaka engama-1989 nguHarold Thurman, owayengumnikazi weHotele iHilton kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya samazwe ngamazwe seJFK. Yahlala ingenamntu de kwangowe-99 ngelixa uThurman wayeyihlaziya ihotele ngokupheleleyo kwaye wafumana ifranchise yeHoliday Inn.

NgoMeyi 5, 1998, kwinyathelo elanikela izikhumbuzo zozuko lwayo lwangaphambili, iMartinique yanikwa iwonga eliyimbalasane yiKomishoni Yokulondolozwa KweeLandmarks yesiXeko saseNew York. UJennifer J. Raab, usihlalo weKomishoni, uthe baqala ukuqwalasela isimo esibalulekileyo ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba umnini omtsha uza kufuna ukuguqula ingaphandle.

Nasi isishwankathelo sengxelo yeKomishoni

I-Hotel Martinique, umsebenzi omkhulu womyili obalaseleyo uHenry J. Hardenbergh, yakhiwe ngezigaba ezithathu, ngo-1897-98, 1901-03, kunye ne-1909-11. Umphuhlisi uWilliam RH Martin, otyale imali eninzi kwizindlu nezindlu kulo mmandla wesixeko, wakha waza wayandisa ihotele ngokusabela kukukhula kwezolonwabo, ukuthenga, kunye nemisebenzi yezothutho kweli candelo lixakekileyo ledolophu. UMartin waqesha umzobi obalaseleyo uHenry J. Hardenbergh, owafumana udumo ngokuyilwa kwehotele yakhe yodidi, kuquka iWaldorf kunye neAstoria Hotels, kunye nePlaza. Kuyilo lwakhe lwehotele kunye nendlu yokuhlala, uHardenbergh wenza iingoma ezintle ezisekelwe kwi-Beaux-Arts yangaphambili, enika inkathalo ekhethekileyo kucwangciso lwangaphakathi kunye nokuqeshwa. Kwimigangatho elishumi elinesithandathu, isimbo saseFrench Renaissance-ephefumlelweyo iHotel Martinique, umzobi wezakhiwo wafumana imali ekuvulekeni okwenziwe yiGreeley Square, ukubonisa uphahla lwesakhiwo olunophahla lwemansard, kunye neenqaba zalo, kunye needorm ezihonjisiweyo. Isitena esimenyezelayo, i-terra cotta, kunye ne-limestone-clad isakhiwo sikwabonisa i-rusticated stonework, iibhalkhoni kunye neekhathuji ezibalaseleyo kuzo zontathu iifacade zayo eziphambili: Broadway, 32nd Street kunye ne-33rd Street.

Ihotele ngoku ibizwa ngokuba yiMartinique New York eBroadway, Curio Collection nguHilton kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo nawo onke amathuba, ihleli isisakhiwo esimangalisayo seBeaux-Arts esisembindini wedolophu yaseManhattan iibhloko ezikude ne Empire State Building, Madison Square Garden, Penn. Isitishi, iMacy kunye neChelsea iigalari zobugcisa kunye neeresityu.

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