I-Turkey ityale imali eninzi ekukhuseleni nasekuphuculeni iisayithi ezisasixelela imbali yeminyaka eliwaka yale ndawo, ebone ukulandelelana kwempucuko emininzi: amaHeti, ama-Urartian, amaFrigiya, amaThriki, amaPersi, amaLycians, amaLidiya, amaGrike namaRoma, emva koko iByzantine, iSeljuchides, kunye ne-Ottomans. Impucuko eshiye umkhondo onzulu wemisebenzi yabo kunye nendalo yabo kwaye unike izizukulwane zanamhlanje ilifa lemveli kunye nelifa lemveli.
Kukho indawo ezingaphezu kwe-17,000 ezisasazeke kuloo mmandla zahlulwe zaziindawo zezinto zakudala, iindawo ezisezidolophini, kunye neendawo zembali nezingumxube. I-Turkey, ithathela ingqalelo ilifa layo lenkcubeko njengelifa lemveli, ngo-1982 yaqinisekisa iNgqungquthela ye-UNESCO. Kukho iziza ezili-18 okwangoku ezibhaliswe kuLuhlu lweLifa leMveli le-UNESCO kwaye ezinye iziza ezingama-77 ziyinxalenye yoluhlu lwethutyana.
I-Ofisi yeNkcubeko kunye neNkcukacha yoZakuzo wase-Turkey e-Italiya iququzelele umsitho okhethekileyo kwi-Mediterranean Exchange ye-Archaeological Tourism ye-Paestum ukusuka nge-15 ukuya kwe-18 ukuya kwi-2018, ukubhiyozela isikhumbuzo se-20 sokufakwa kwePestest kunye neTroy kuluhlu lwehlabathi le-UNESCO Ilifa lemveli.
Inkomfa ka “Troy, iMbali yeSixeko ukusuka kwi Mythology ukuya ku Archaeology” ikhokelwe ngu Prof. Rüstem Aslan, umlawuli wezokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala kwindawo ka Troy kunye noprofesa wezinto zakudala kwiYunivesithi yase Canakkale, eyonganyelwe ngu Andreas M. Steiner, uMlawuli wemagazini iArcheo, osandula ukupapasha i-monograph kwiindawo zase-Turkey zakudala. Oku kunike i-eTN ithuba lokwenza udliwanondlebe noNksk Serra Aytun Roncaglia, umlawuli we-Ofisi yeNkcubeko kunye neNkcukacha yoonozakuzaku baseTurkey eRoma.
UNksk Serra Aytun Roncaglia
I-eTN: UMlawuli, u-2018 waqeshwa liCandelo loMphathiswa Wezenkcubeko noKhenketho eTurkey njengo "Nyaka weTroy." I-Turkey ibuyisa ebomini abalinganiswa bemibongo ye-Iliad kunye ne-Odyssey kunye ne-Trojan Horse efanayo. Ikhumbuza iinkumbulo zexesha lokufunda eyaphefumlelwa yimbongi uHomer.
Yinyani! Imibongo kaHomer eyaziwayo ethi Iliad kunye neOdyssey iseyinkuthazo kwizigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela. UTroy yintsomi eyaziwayo kwilizwe liphela, kwaye kwisithuba seminyaka engamawaka amabini, ungumthombo wenkuthazo kwinkcubeko yaseNtshona naseMpuma. I-Troy, ekufutshane nesixeko sase-Canakkale kwi-Strait ye-Dardanelles, ibiyindawo ebalulekileyo kwezorhwebo ngenxa yesikhundla sayo, kodwa nakwindawo yemidlalo yeemfazwe ezaziwa kakhulu mandulo. Ngokuqinisekileyo yenye yezona ndawo zidumileyo zezinto zakudala emhlabeni.
I-eTN: Inkulu kangakanani intsimi yaseTroy namhlanje, kwaye zeziphi izinto ezinomdla kubakhenkethi?
I-Troy ayikhawulelwanga kwindawo yezinto zakudala, ikwayipaki yesizwe ye-144,000 yeemitha zesikwere kunye nezinto ezinomtsalane ezininzi ezinjengeTumulus yaseAchilles kunye neAjax, iindawo zokuhlala zamandulo ezininzi, indalo egqibeleleyo, iilwandle kunye neembono ezintle. Kujikeleze ipaki yesizwe, kukho iindawo ezaziwayo kwilizwe jikelele ezinje ngeAlexandria Troade, Asso, Apollo Sminteo, Pario, Mount Ida, ukubala nje ezimbalwa zazo. Apha undwendwe ngokwenene "lunokuhamba ngaphakathi kwembali" kwaye lisebenzise ithuba lendalo egqibeleleyo kubathandi bokuhamba kunye nolwandle.
I-eTN: Yeyiphi iminyhadala ephambili ehlelelwe "uNyaka we-2018 weTroy?"
Iziganeko zika-2018 zazibandakanya iinkomfa zamazwe kunye neentlanganiso, zombini eTurkey nakwamanye amazwe, ezine zazo zenziwa nguNjingalwazi Rüstem Aslan ngoSeptemba odlulileyo, eRoma, eMilan kunye ne-17 kaNovemba ePaestum, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili.
Ukuvulwa kwakutsha nje kweMyuziyam yaseTroy kwinyanga ephelileyo ngokuqinisekileyo sesona siganeko sibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yonyaka. Imyuziyam entsha ivumela iindwendwe ukuba ziqonde ngcono indawo yaseTroas, indawo enomdla yezinto zakudala ekungekho lula ukuyiqonda njengoko yayakhiwe kumanqanaba amaninzi ngaphezulu kolwakhiwo lwangaphambili.
Imyuziyam iyadibana kwaye ibonise ingqokelela yezinto ezifumaneka apha kwaye zigcinwe kwiimyuziyam ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya neeMyuziyam zeArchaeological zaseIstanbul. Kukwakho nezinto zakudala zeBronze ezingama-24 zakudala, ezibuyiselwe eTurkey ngenxa yentsebenziswano yeYunivesithi yasePennsylvania (USA) kunye nokuzibophelela koMphathiswa ngokusekwe kwimigaqo efunwa yiTurkey kwaye ikhetha ukuba ilifa lenkcubeko lelizwe libhengezwe kwindawo yabo yemvelaphi .
I-eTN: Oku kubonisa uthando kunye nentlonipho kwizizukulwana ezizayo kufuna utyalomali oluqinisekileyo.
Ewe, ukuzibophelela kombutho kunye nemali yoMphathiswa Wezenkcubeko noKhenketho eTurkey kwicandelo leziko lolondolozo lwembali kunesisa kakhulu. Kukho iimyuziyam ezingama-198 eziphantsi kolawulo loMlawuli Jikelele weZiko loLondolozo lweMbali kunye neLifa leMveli leNkcubeko yoMphathiswa Wezenkcubeko noKhenketho eTurkey kubandakanya neMyuziyam ye-Archaeological yase-Istanbul, eyasekwa ngo-1891. Enye imyuziyam enkulu yase-Turkey ise-Ankara kwaye iMyuziyam edume kwihlabathi liphela yeAnatolian Impucuko, ingqokelela yayo ibhala imbali yeAnatolia ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo ukuya kwixesha lamaRoma. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uninzi lwemyuziyam luhlaziyiwe, luvele okanye luceba ukuvela, njengeMyuziyam entsha yeTrojan.
I-eTN: Kukudibana kwantoni kwinqanaba lase-Itali-Turkey?
Kukho ukumba okungu-118 okulawulwa yimishini yaseTurkey kunye neendawo ezingama-32 ezilawulwa yimishini yamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisana namaqela aseTurkey (idatha ye-2017). Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamaziko eTurkey nase-Italiya kwicandelo lezinto zakudala ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ibisebenza amashumi eminyaka. Okwangoku kukho iintlanganiso ezisixhenxe zase-Italiya eTurkey ezixhaswe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wethu: I-Usakli Höyük eYozgat yeYunivesithi yaseFlorence, yaseYumuktepe eMersin yeDyunivesithi yaseLecce, kaKinik Höyük eNigde weDyunivesithi yasePavia, Umsebenzi ka-Arslantepe eMalatya waseLa Sapienza iYunivesithi yaseRoma, leyo yaseKarkamıs eGaziantep yeDyunivesithi yaseBologna, i-mission eya ku-ElaiussaSebaste eMersin yeDyunivesithi yaseLa Sapienza kunye nemishini eya eHierapolis, eDenizli, kwiDyunivesithi yaseLecce, esebenzayo ukusukela ngo-7 .
I-eTN: Ngaba kuyakubakho imisebenzi yomlilo yokubhiyozela ukuvalwa koNyaka weTroy ka-2018?
Yonke le nkqubo yaqaqamba okomlilo omkhulu. Okokugqibela kukhanyisile ukuqala kwe-opera entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi "Troy" eboniswe nge-9 kaNovemba kwi-Ankara Congresium Opera kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimveliso yeCandelo loMlawuli Jikelele weOpera kunye neBallet (DOB) yaseTurkey 2018, ekhokelwa ngu u-Murat Karahan, naye ongumlawuli wobugcisa ka "Troy". Umsebenzi wakhulelwa kwizenzo ezibini, iindawo ezisibhozo, kufakelo oluhle kunye nomculo olubandakanya ikwayara, umculo kunye nebhaleyi. Kuthathe iinyanga ezintathu ezinesiqingatha ukuba umqhubi kunye nomqambi uBujor Hoinic, ngentsebenziswano nonyana u-Artun Hoinic, ukugqiba ukuveliswa komsebenzi.
