Ukubanjwa kwento ebizwa ngokuba yi-Islamic State (IS) inokuba ikhulule kwintliziyo yaseMbindi Mpuma, kodwa isoyikiso sehlabathi lonke esibangelwa bubunqolobi bamaSilamsi sikhule kwaye sasasazeka.
Ukulandelela isiganeko kubonisa ukuba uninzi lokuhlaselwa kwamaSilamsi kusenzeka kuMbindi Mpuma naseNyakatho Afrika (MENA), kunye neziganeko ze-2,273 phakathi kwe-30 April 2017 kunye ne-30 April 2018. Kodwa nangona ummandla ochaphazelekayo, inani lokuhlaselwa kummandla we-MENA iye isihla.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Asia Pacific kunye ne-Afrika zifikelele kumanani arekhodiweyo eziganeko, nangona kaninzi isoyikiso sasicatshulwe ngokwejografi kwaye sithintelwa. Amanye amazwe e-EU ebekwindlela yokunyuka ngokubanzi kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Izinto ezininzi zilele emva koku, kubandakanywa nokulungelelaniswa kwemibutho ekhoyo yamaSilamsi phantsi kweflegi ye-IS, ukubuyiswa kwamanye ama-IS kumazwe asekhaya kunye namandla asekuhlaleni ongquzulwano olukhoyo. Ikamva labalweli be-IS njengokuba indawo yeqela e-Iraq naseSyria inciphile ixubene.
Ngelixa abanye babo babaleka, abaninzi babulawa njengoko ubutyebi beli qela babusiya buphela. Idabi lase-Kobane ngo-2015 labona ukubuyisela umva okukhulu kwe-IS xa uhlaselo lwase-US lwabulala amawakawaka abalwi be-IS. Amadabi alandelayo abona iingxwelerha ezingakumbi kunye nokubaleka. Amanani kunye nesiphelo sabo basabayo akucaci.
Amazwe amaninzi azamile ukulandelela abemi belizwe ababeye eSyria kunye nabo babuyileyo. Amazwe aseNtshona aphakathi koqikelelo oluthembekileyo (Fig.1). Kufuneka kucingelwe ukuba inani elingaziwayo linyibilikile, nokuba libuyela ekhaya okanye lisiya kwezinye iithiyetha zovukelo. Inani lokuhlaselwa kwe-Islamist ngokugqithisileyo kwiindawo zase-Afrika nase-Asia-Pacific kwi-2017 - 2018 ibonisa ukunyuka okubukhali xa kuthelekiswa ne-2013, ngaphambi kokuvela kwehlabathi jikelele kwe-IS.
Isoyikiso esivela kubunqolobi bamaSilamsi eMelika sihlala siphantsi kwaye sibonakala kuphela kuMntla Melika. Ukuhlaselwa okune kuphela kwabhalwa kwi-2017 kwaye inani elipheleleyo lokuhlaselwa ngonyaka alizange lidlule ngaphaya kwamanani omnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumaneka kompu okulungeleyo e-US kudala amandla omenzi waso nasiphi na inkuthazo yokwenza uhlaselo oluninzi olufana nesiganeko se-2016 se-Orlando night club apho abantu be-49 bafa.
Nangona kunjalo, iziganeko zokuhlaselwa kwamaSilamsi zihlala ziphantsi. Umpu/umpu yayiyeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yohlaselo lweziganeko zobunqolobi kwihlabathi jikelele (47%), ilandelwa luhlaselo lwesixhobo sokuqhushumba (IED) (21%) kunye nodaka (13%).
IS kunye namajoni aphefumlelwe liqela azahlula kuninzi lwabanye abenzi bobubi ngomnqweno wabo wokubangela ukuphulukana nobomi bomntu, rhoqo kwinqanaba elikhulu.
Bajolisa abantu ngokungenamkhethe, ngokufuthi kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, yaye bahlasela imikhosi yokhuseleko nempahla yomkhosi. Ukujonga zonke iintlobo zezenzo zobunqolobi, urhulumente, umkhosi kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko kunye nofakelo lwabo luluhlu oluphezulu ekujoliswe kulo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuthengisa kunye neendlela (izithuthi kunye neziseko ezingundoqo) ziphezulu kuluhlu lwamacandelo asekuhlaleni achaphazelekayo bunqolobi - nokuba ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngenxa yomonakalo owenziweyo - ngenxa yobuninzi bazo, kunye nokuxhaphaka kweendlela eziphuculweyo zezixhobo eziqhumayo kwezinye iingingqi.
Kwi-EU, abavukeli abangamaSilamsi babesebenza kakhulu eFransi, eSpain, nase-UK ngokuhlaselwa kweenqwelo-mafutha kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke njengelona qhinga lixhaphakileyo, njengesiganeko kwingingqi yaseLas Ramblas yaseBarcelona, eSpain, eyabulala abantu abayi-14 kunye. benzakalisa abanye abali-120.
Ibhomu enkulu yokuzibulala yahamba kwi-Manchester Arena, e-UK, ngoMeyi 2017, yabulala abantu be-22 kunye nokulimaza i-64. Uninzi lwama-Islamist ukuhlaselwa ngokugqithisileyo kwi-EU kwachaphazela amacandelo okuzonwabisa kunye neendwendwe kunye neendawo zoluntu ezihlala rhoqo ngabakhenkethi. Uhlaselo oluchaphazela uloliwe/icandelo lokuhamba ngobuninzi nalo lwabhalwa, ngakumbi ugqabhuko-dubulo kuloliwe womzila weSithili kufuphi nesikhululo saseParsons Green, eLondon, ngoSeptemba oko kwangxwelerha abantu abangama-30, kunye nohlaselo kwiSikhululo esiPhakathi saseBrussels ngoJuni apho ezimbini ziphantsi. -Ukuqhuma okukhulu kwenzeka ngaphandle kokwenzakala kwaye indoda ezama ukuqhushumba i-IED efakwe kwi-suitcase yadutyulwa yabulawa yimikhosi yokhuseleko.
Kwingingqi yeAsia-Pacific, uninzi lohlaselo lwamajoni angamaSilamsi lujolise ekunyanzeliseni umthetho kunye nempahla yomkhosi. Kuphela inxalenye encinci enefuthe elithe ngqo okanye elingalindelekanga kumashishini. Uninzi lwezi luchaphazela iziseko zophuhliso lweendlela nezithuthi, lulandelwa yimfundo (izikolo, iiyunivesithi, iikhampasi) nee-asethi ezithengiswayo. Izehlo ezichaphazela icandelo lezophapho (ezenzeka kakhulu e-Afghanistan) zijolise ngokubanzi kwiziseko zomkhosi kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya, ezinempembelelo engathanga ngqo kushishino. Okuphawulekayo luhlaselo lwe-rocket ngabavukeli baseTaliban kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseHamid Karzai eKabul ngoJulayi 2017 eyabulala umntu omnye kwaye yaphazamisa imisebenzi yezorhwebo. Uninzi lohlaselo lwamajoni ase-Islamist e-Afrika luchaphazela izithuthi kunye neziseko zendlela ezinje ngeebhulorho, ngakumbi eNigeria, eMali, eKenya naseSomalia.
Icandelo leendwendwe liza kwindawo yesibini (kunye neziganeko ezininzi eSomalia naseMali), zilandelwa kukuthengisa. Kuyaphawuleka uhlaselo lwezokhenketho zaseLe Campement, eBamako, eMali, ngoJuni 2017, apho abavukeli abangamaSilamsi babulala abantu abahlanu kwaye benzakalise i-12, ngelixa bethatha abanye abangama-32. Ii-asethi zeenqwelomoya zahlaselwa eSomalia naseMali. Uhlaselo lwabanqolobi abangamaSilamsi kumazwe aseMelika lwenzeka kuphela e-US naseCanada. Uhlaselo lujolise kwiSiteshi seBhasi esiGunyaziweyo kwisiXeko saseNew York ngoDisemba 2017, apho indoda yenzakalisa abantu abathathu ngebhombu eyenziwe ekhaya; indlela yebhayisekile eManhattan, kwisiXeko saseNew York, apho umntu waqhuba ilori kubakhweli beebhayisikile kunye neembaleki ngo-Okthobha ka-2017, babulala abantu abasibhozo kwaye benzakalise abanye abayi-12; kunye neendawo zabahamba ngeenyawo e-Edmonton, e-Alberta, ngoSeptemba ka-2017, apho abantu abathandathu benzakeleyo.
Umthombo: Umngcipheko wokulawula
