Ukucinga ngokutsha ngemvuselelo yezokhenketho

Izise yonke imisebenzi yokuhamba kunye nokhenketho ime ngxi kwaye yachaphazela ubomi bomntu kunye noluntu olubangela intlupheko kwaye ishiya ngasemva i-scathe enzulu phakathi kwabantu kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngamaqondo ahlukeneyo obunzima. Njengoko icandelo lezokhenketho liye labethwa ngamandla yi-COVID-19, oku kubangele ukulahleka kokuzithemba kubakhenkethi, okunefuthe kubomi bezentlalo noqoqosho.

Idatha enzima

Ngokutsho kweWorld Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), ubhubhani we-COVID-19 ubangele ukuba icandelo lokuhamba kunye nokhenketho lilahlekelwe yilahleko ephantse ibe yi-USD 4.9 yetriliyoni, ngegalelo layo lehlabathi kwi-GDP yehle nge-50.4% unyaka nonyaka, xa kuthelekiswa nokuhla kwe-3.3% kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Bekukho intlantsi yethemba ngo-2021 njengoko igalelo lokuhamba kunye nokhenketho kwi-GDP linyuke nge-USD 1 yetriliyoni (+21.7% ukunyuka) ngo-2021 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5.8 yezigidi zezigidi zeedola, ngelixa isabelo secandelo kuqoqosho lonke sinyuke ukusuka kwi-5.3% ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-6.1 I-% ngo-2021. Ukongeza, icandelo libone ukuchacha kwemisebenzi eyi-18.2 yezigidi, oko kuthetha ukunyuka nge-6.7%. Ingqikelelo yesantya sokukhula iqaqambile nto leyo izisa imincili phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo njengoko uhambo nokhenketho i-GDP imiselwe ukukhula ngomndilili nge-5.8% ngonyaka phakathi kowama-2022 nowama-2032, idlula ukukhula koqoqosho lulonke (2.7% ngonyaka) idala phantse i-126 lezigidi ezintsha. imisebenzi kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. 

I-GDP yokhenketho kunye nokhenketho inokubuyela kumanqanaba ka-2019 ekupheleni kuka-2023. Nangona kunjalo, kuninzi kuxhomekeke kwindima edlalwa ngoorhulumente kunye necandelo lorhwebo lokuhamba ngokulungiselela iingxaki zexesha elizayo, ukuhlalisana kunye ne-COVID-19 ngokuthatha ukuziphatha okuhlangeneyo kunye noxanduva lomntu ngamnye, ukuthotywa kweemeko kwiindawo zokuvula, kunye nonxibelelwano olungcono kunye nokucwangcisa, ukukhankanya ezimbalwa.

Ukhenketho luye lwaba nzima kummandla we-Asia Pacific njengoko lubhalisa ukuhla kwe-82% yabakhenkethi abafikayo ngo-2020 xa kuthelekiswa no-2019. I-Nepal ibhalise i-230,085 kunye ne-150,962 ngo-2020 kunye ne-2021 ngokulandelanayo. Phakathi kukaJanuwari-Agasti 2022, inani elipheleleyo labafikayo larekhodwa kwi-326,667. Abakhenkethi abafikayo ngo-2020 baphantse behla nge-80% xa kuthelekiswa no-2019 (1,197,191).

Ukutshintsha indlela yokuziphatha yokuhamba

Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 utshintshe indlela yokuziphatha kwezohambo. Ukuziphatha kokuhamba kubandakanya izigqibo ezithile, imisebenzi, imibono, kunye namava anelisa iimfuno kunye neemfuno zabathengi. Izifundo eziqhubayo kwihlabathi liphela malunga neempembelelo ze-COVID-19 kunye nekamva lokuhamba kunye nokhenketho ziqikelela ukuba iipatheni zokusetyenziswa kokhenketho zinokutshintsha kwixesha lasemva kwe-COVID-19. Uvavanyo lweMpembelelo yezoQoqosho lwabakhenkethi abangaphezu kwe-4,500 kulo mmandla-kuyo yonke iOstreliya, iJapan, iIndiya, iMalaysia, iiPhilippines, iSingapore, uMzantsi Korea, iTaiwan, kunye neThailand-lubonisa ukuba ngaphezulu kwesi-7 kwabayi-10 abaphenduli bayavuma ukuba i-COVID -71.8 itshintshe indlela abacinga ngayo ngokhenketho oluzinzileyo ngokwenza ukuba lubaluleke ngakumbi kubo.

Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba i-57% yabakhenkethi ifuna ukunqanda ukhenketho olugqithisileyo, ngelixa i-69.9% inokuthi iphephe ukuya kwiindawo ezixineneyo.

Ipesenti efanayo (71.7%) ibonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bahambe baye kwiindawo ezibavumela ukuba baphephe iindawo ezixineneyo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, kukho imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokucinga nzulu ngeendlela zokuphuhlisa izenzo ezinokuthi zincede ukubuyisela nokugcina ukhenketho kwixesha elisemva kwe-COVID-19.

Ukuphinda kabini ukhenketho lwehlabathi

Emva kweengxoxo ezininzi phakathi kwaMazwe angamaLungu, i-UN World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) kulo nyaka ubuyile ukuze kugxininiswe kwikamva ngoSuku lweHlabathi loKhenketho (ngomhla wama-27 kuSeptemba) ngomxholo othi “UkuCinga kwakhona uKhenketho” elindele ukuba ukhenketho luzise ithemba kunye nethuba kwizigidi ezibandezelekileyo ngenxa yokuphinda kabini kwe-COVID-19 kunye ne-Ukraine. imfazwe. UNWTO ibonise ithuba lokucinga ngokutsha ngokhenketho ngendlela engcono ngokubeka abantu kunye neplanethi kuqala, kunye nokuzisa wonke umntu osuka koorhulumente kunye namashishini kuluntu lwengingqi kunye malunga nombono okwabelwana ngawo wecandelo elizinzileyo, elibandakanyayo kunye nelokuqina. UNWTO sinethemba lokuba uSuku lweHlabathi lwezoKhenketho luya kubhiyozelwa njengoko utshintsho olubhekiselele kukhenketho lubonwa njengentsika ebalulekileyo yophuhliso, kwaye kubonakala ngathi inkqubela phambili kwezo nkalo isendleleni. Ngamafutshane, umxholo lilinge lokuhlaziya ishishini lezokhenketho lehlabathi kwimeko ye-post-COVID-19 bhubhane kunye nemfazwe.

ENepal

INepal kufuneka ijonge iindlela ezintsha zokuqalisa ngokutsha ukhenketho. Kutshanje, urhulumente ubhengeze imisebenzi yokhenketho engama-73 emva kwengxoxo engqongqo necandelo lorhwebo ngezohambo ukomeleza ukhenketho. I-Kathmandu Valley (yeyona mimandla yemetropolitan ikhula ngokukhawuleza eMzantsi Asia) ukhenketho luqhutywa ikakhulu lilifa lenkcubeko elityebileyo elineendawo ezisi-7 ezikhuselweyo zesikhumbuzo ezichongwe njengeendawo ze-UNESCO zeLifa leMveli leHlabathi. INepal kufuneka iqhubele phambili kwaye isondele kwi-UNESCO ukuze idweliswe kuluhlu lweLifa leMveli leNkcubeko eNgaphathekiyo ezisa ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwiinkcubeko zelizwe. Umzekelo, izinto ezili-14 zeLifa leMveli leNkcubeko eZingaphathekiyo ezivela eIndiya ngoku zifakwe kuluhlu lweUNESCO. INepal kunye nenkcubeko yayo ekhethekileyo inokukhangela phambili okufanayo. UGai Jatra kunye no-Indra Jatra, ababhiyozelwa kuphela kwiNtlambo yaseKathmandu, banobunzima obuninzi kwaye banamandla amakhulu okunxibelelana nehlabathi liphela.

Ngeminyaka yoo-70s, iNepal yaqalisa ukhenketho lwezilwanyana zasendle kwaye yayisaziwa kakhulu kwiimephu zokhenketho, ixatyiswa kakhulu lihlabathi. Owayesakuba nguNobhala wezoKhuselo wase-US kunye noMongameli weBhanki yeHlabathi, uRobert McNamara, uyixabisile indlela yaseNepal yobuvulindlela kukhenketho lwezilwanyana zasendle kunye nolondolozo. UHenry Kissinger, owayesakuba nguNobhala Wezangaphandle wase-US, naye wayesothukile kukhenketho lwezilwanyana zasendle zaseNepal. Owayesakuba yiNkulumbuso yaseIndiya u-Indira Gandhi ukhuthazwe lulawulo lwamahlathi kunye nokhenketho lwaseNepal kangangokuba wavuma ukuba zininzi izinto esinokuzifunda eNepal. Ukhenketho lwezilwanyana zasendle lubonelela kwiimfuno zabakhenkethi abakwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye iNepal kufuneka izimise njengendawo ephezulu yabakhenkethi ngokhenketho lwezilwanyana zasendle njengoko ilizwe linenzuzo yokuthelekisa kunye nokhuphiswano ngaphezu kwalo. Uzuko lwangaphambili olutyebileyo lwaseNepal kufuneka luvuselelwe ukuze kunyuswe ukhenketho.

Ukukhanyisa kukhenketho oluzinzileyo

IProjekthi yoKhenketho oluZinzileyo lweProjekthi yoBuyiselo lokuPhila (STLRP), ukuqaliswa ngokudibeneyo yiBhodi yoKhenketho yaseNepal kunye ne-UNDP, yaphehlelelwa ngo-2021 ngeenkqubo eziyilelwe ngokupheleleyo iinzuzo eziphantsi kweephiramidi ezisebenza kwicandelo lezokhenketho. I-STLRP isebenze ngokukodwa ekuboneleleni ngeemfuno ezikhawulezayo zokuphila ngamathuba engqesho yexeshana elifutshane kuluntu oluxhomekeke kukhenketho olusemngciphekweni, ngakumbi abasetyhini kunye nabantu abavela kumaqela ahlelelekileyo kwicandelo lokhenketho abaphulukene nemisebenzi okanye umvuzo ngenxa ye-COVID-19. Ikwaqwalasele ukuvelisa ingqesho kunye nengeniso yabasebenzi bezokhenketho ngohlaziyo nophuhliso lweemveliso zokhenketho kwiindawo eziphambili zokhenketho. Intsebenziswano nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yezokhenketho yenziwa ukunika uqeqesho olusekelwe kwizakhono ezifana noqeqesho lwabakhokeli bomlambo, uqeqesho olukwinqanaba eliphambili lesikhokelo sokupheka, uqeqesho lwesikhokelo sokuhamba, kunye noqeqesho lolawulo lomgangatho wokutyela kunye nebar ukuphuhlisa umgangatho wabasebenzi.

Le projekthi isebenzisana noorhulumente basekhaya abasi-8 kulwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo zokhenketho oludale iintsuku zengqesho zabantu abangama-5,450 kude kube nguMeyi 2022.

Kwakhona, i-STLRP ixhase ukuqiniswa kwendawo yokuhlala ngokwakhiwa kodonga ecaleni kweendawo ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu wezikhukhula kwilali yasePheriche (4,300 yeemitha) eKhumbu apho udonga lwe-gabion olujikeleze i-390 yeemitha lwakhiwe ukukhusela ekuphuphumeni kwemilambo ekufutshane kunye nomkhenkce. izikhukhula zechibi ezibonisa ukuzibophelela kwayo kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni, uqoqosho kunye nozinzo. Ngokungafaniyo namanye amazwe awayegxile ngokupheleleyo kwindlela yokuya phezulu kunye nokuyila iinkqubo zokubuyisela abo bakwisiphelo esiphezulu sephiramidi, i-STLRP ithathele ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo emazantsi ephiramidi ngokuyila ngokutsha nokucinga ngokutsha ngokhenketho kunye nokuvuselela uluntu lwasekuhlaleni.

Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kukubuyisela ukuzithemba kukhenketho okunokwenzeka kuphela ngohambo. Kufuneka idibanise ubulumko bendoda endala kunye nolonwabo lomntwana kunye nomdla. Lifikile ixesha lokucinga ngokutsha ngokhenketho kunye nokulusungula ngokutsha ngoxanduva olutsha ngendlela enentsingiselo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, umxholo ufike ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha apho abantu bejonge icandelo lezokhenketho ukuba lizise uncedo lokuphelisa intlupheko yabo ngokucinga ngokutsha ukhenketho ukuze luphuhlise, kubandakanywa nemfundo, imisebenzi, ukuxhotyiswa ngezakhono, ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo impembelelo yokhenketho iplanethi kunye namathuba okukhula ngokuzinzileyo. UNWTO ucele wonke umntu ngokufanelekileyo ukuba acinge ngokutsha iindlela ezintsha zokuvuselela ukhenketho lulonke.