Imbali yoMbutho wabanini beehotele zaseAsia American

The Umbutho wabanini behotele iAsia American (AAHOA) ngumbutho wabarhwebi omele abanini beehotele. Ukusukela ngo-2022, i-AAHOA inamalungu amalunga nama-20,000 abangabanini be-60% yeehotele zase-United States kwaye banoxanduva lwe-1.7% yeGDP yelizwe. Ngaphezu kwesigidi esinye sabasebenzi abasebenza kwiihotele zamalungu e-AAHOA, berhola i-47 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka kwaye babonelele nge-4.2 yezigidi zemisebenzi yase-US kuwo onke amacandelo oshishino lokwamkela iindwendwe.

Abantu baseMelika baseMelika kwihotele nakwishishini lemotel kwangoko bajongana nocalucalulo, kwishishini le-inshurensi kunye nabakhuphisana nabo babeka iimpawu "zaseMelika" ngaphandle kweepropathi zabo ukuze bathathe ishishini kubo. Elinye iqela labaphathi beehotele baseIndiya ladalwa e-Atlanta ngo-1989 ukujongana nemiba yocalucalulo kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lwabantu base-Asia baseMelika abasebenza kushishino lokwamkela iindwendwe phantsi kwegama i-Asian American Hotel Owners Association.

IAsia American Hotel Owners Association ekuqaleni yasekwa ukulwa ubuhlanga.

Kwasembindini we-1970s, abanini-hotele baseIndiya baseMelika bajongana nocalucalulo kwiibhanki kunye nabathwali beinshorensi. Ngelo xesha, emva kokuba abameli bendibano yenqila yabacimi-mlilo bechaze ukuba uPatel uzitshise iimotel zabo baza bafaka namabango angekho mthethweni, abathengisi beinshorensi abazange bavume ukuthengisa i-inshorensi kubanini bamaIndiya.

Ukulwa le ngxaki kunye nezinye iintlobo zocalucalulo, iMid-South Indemnity Association yasekwa eTennessee. Yakhula kwilizwe lonke kwaye ekugqibeleni yatshintsha igama layo kwi-INDO ​​American Hospitality Association. Elinye iqela labaphathi beehotele baseIndiya badibana e-Atlanta ngo-1989 kwakhona ukuze balungise imiba yocalucalulo kunye nokwandisa ulwazi lwabantu base-Asia baseMelika kwishishini lokubuka iindwendwe. Ngoncedo lukaMichael Leven, ngoko owayengumongameli weDays Inn of America, baseka iAsian American Hotel Owners Association. Ekupheleni kuka-1994, la maqela mabini adityaniswa nale mishini ilandelayo:

I-AAHOA ibonelela ngeqonga elisebenzayo apho abanini beehotele baseAsia baseMelika ngokutshintshiselana ngezimvo ngelizwi elimanyeneyo, banokunxibelelana, banxibelelane, kwaye bakhusele isikhundla sabo esifanelekileyo ngaphakathi kwishishini lokubuka iindwendwe, kwaye babe ngumthombo wenkuthazo ngokukhuthaza ubuchwephesha kunye nokugqwesa ngemfundo kunye ukubandakanyeka koluntu.

Abanini abatsha beza nobuchule babo kwishishini kunye neentsapho zabo ukuba basebenzise ezi motele. Baye bamisela iindlela zocwangciso-mali zala maxesha ukujonga ukuhamba kwemali okubalulekileyo. Amaxesha amane ukuhamba kwemali kwaba yimantra yePatel. Ukuba i-motel ecinezelekileyo ivelise i-$ 10,000 ngonyaka kwingeniso kwaye ingafunyanwa kwi-40,000 yeedola, yayiyinzuzo kwintsapho esebenza nzima.

Baye bahlaziya kwaye baphucula iimotele ze-rundown ukuphucula ukuhamba kwemali, bathengisa iipropathi kwaye barhweba ukuya kwiimotel ezingcono. Oku kwakuhamba nzima. Iinkampani zeinshurensi eziqhelekileyo aziyi kubonelela ngenkxaso kuba babekholelwa ukuba aba banini basemzini baya kutshisa iimotel zabo. Ngezo mini iibhanki zazingenakufane zibonelele ngeemali zokubambisa. AbakwaPatel kwafuneka baxhasane ngezimali kwaye bazikhusele kwiipropathi zabo.

NgoJulayi 4, 1999, ENew York Times Intatheli uTunku Vardarajan wabhala wathi, “Abanini bokuqala, ngendlela engqinelana neqela labaphambukeli abaninzi abaphuma kwamanye amazwe, bahamba ngaphandle, banxiba iikawusi ezindala kwaye abazange bathabathe iholide. Oku abakwenzanga nje ngenjongo yokulondoloza imali kodwa nangenxa yokuba ukonga yinxalenye yenkqubo-sikhokelo enkulu yokuziphatha, eyigqala yonke inkcitho engeyomfuneko njengenkcitho nengathandekiyo. Sisimo sengqondo eso esiqinisekiswa sisimo sengqondo esingenamdla kwizinto ezingeyomfuneko okanye ezingeyomfuneko, eso esisuka kuhlobo lobuHindu obuqheliselwa ngabakwaPatel njengembali yabo njengabathanda ukugqibelela kwezorhwebo.”

Umbhali uJoel Millman ubhala apha Abanye abantu baseMelika Viking, ngo-1997, eNew York:

I-Patels yathatha imboni yobuthongo, ekhulileyo kwaye yalijika- inika abathengi ukhetho oluninzi ngelixa isenza iipropathi zibenengeniso ngakumbi. Iimotele eziye zatsala amawaka ezigidi kugcino lwabaphambukeli ziye zajika zaba yi-real equity exabisa iibhiliyoni ezingakumbi. Olo lingano, olulawulwa sisizukulwana esitsha, luphunyezwa kumashishini amatsha. Ezinye zinxulumene nendawo yokulala (ukwenza iimpahla zemotel); ezinye zinento yokwenza nezindlu ezithengiswayo (ukubuyisela ulwakhiwo lwezindlu ezingasebenziyo); abanye bafuna nje ithuba. Imodeli ye-Patel-motel ngumzekelo, njengejitneys zaseNew York zaseIndiya zaseNtshona, wendlela inyathelo labangeneleli elandisayo ipayi. Kwaye kukho esinye isifundo: njengoko uqoqosho lutshintsha ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya kwiinkonzo, i-Patel-motel phenomenon ibonisa indlela i-franchising inokuguqula ngayo umntu wangaphandle ukuba abe ngumdlali oqhelekileyo. Imodeli yesiGujarati yeemotels inokukotshwa yiLatinos kumhlaba, amaIndiya aseNtshona kukhathalelo lwasekhaya okanye ama-Asiya kwiinkonzo zobufundisi. Ngokusebenzisa i-franchise ye-turnkey njengeshishini losapho, abafuduki baya kunceda umjelo ongapheliyo wababoneleli beenkonzo bakhule.

Njengotyalo-mali kunye nobunini besanda, iiPatel zatyholwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho olwahlukeneyo: ukutshisa, ukujonga iimpahla ngendlela eyiyo, ukuthintela imithetho yokungena elizweni. Ukuqhambuka okungathandekiyo kwe-xenophobia, Qho ngeFlyer imagazini (ehlotyeni 1981) yabhengeza, “Utyalo-mali lwangaphandle lufikile kushishino lweemotele…lubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kubathengi baseMelika kunye nabarhwebi. Abo bantu baseMelika nabo bayakhalazela ngokungekho sikweni, mhlawumbi kushishino olungekho semthethweni: kuthethiwe nangeyelenqe.” Eli phephancwadi lakhalazela ukuba i-Patels inyuse amaxabiso eemotele ngokungeyiyo ukuze ibangele ukuba abantu bathenge. Eli nqaku laqukumbela ngamazwi acacileyo obuhlanga, “Kudluliswa amagqabantshintshi malunga neemotele ezinuka ikheri namacebiso amnyama ngabaphambukeli abaqesha abantu baseCaucasus ukuba basebenze kwidesika engaphambili.” Eli nqaku laqukumbela ngelithi, “Iinyani zezokuba abaphambukeli badlala ibhola ekhatywayo kushishino lweemotele kwaye mhlawumbi abakwenzi ngokungqongqo ngokungqongqo kwincwadi yemithetho.” Eyona nto yayibonakala imbi kakhulu yocalucalulo olunjalo yayikukugqabhuka kweebhena ezithi “AbaMnini baseMelika” eziboniswe kwiihotele ezithile kwilizwe lonke. Lo mboniso unenzondo waphinda waphindwa emva kwe-11 Septemba yaseMelika.

Kwinqaku lam, "Ungafumana njani uMnini waseMelika", (Ukungenisa izihambi, Agasti 2002), ndabhala:

“Emva komhla kaSeptemba. I-11 iMelika, iimpawu zokuthanda izwe zikho kuyo yonke indawo: iiflegi, izivakalisi, UThixo Usikelele iMelika kunye ne-United We Stand posters. Ngelishwa, oku kuthululwa ngamanye amaxesha kugqitha kwimida yedemokhrasi kunye nokuziphatha okuhle. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuthanda ubuzwe okwenyani kubandakanya ezona zinto zibalaseleyo kumaxwebhu ethu okusekwa, kwaye eyona nto ibalaseleyo eMelika ibonakaliswe ngokwahluka kwayo. Kwelinye icala, okona kubi xa kubonakala ukuba naliphi na iqela lizama ukuchaza "uMerika" ngokomfanekiso wabo. Ngelishwa, abanini behotele bazamile ukuchaza uhlobo olwahlukileyo lwe- "American". Ekupheleni konyaka ka 2002 ihotele iPennsylvania kwisiXeko saseNew York yafaka ibhena yokungena isithi “ihotele ephethwe ngabantu baseMelika,” abanini bazama ukuphepha ukugxeka ngokuchaza, “Umba wabanini baseMelika ngokusisiseko awudeleli kwezinye ihotele. Sifuna ukubonelela iindwendwe zethu ngamava aseMelika. Sifuna abantu bazi ukuba baya kufumana amava aseMelika. Asinamdla wokwazi ukuba zeziphi ezinye iihotele okanye azizo. ”

Le ngcaciso ayinangqondo njengoko ifumana. Yintoni "amava aseMelika" kwilizwe elizidlayo ngokwahluka kwenkcubeko? Ngaba sisonka esimhlophe kuphela, izinja ezishushu kunye ne-cola? Okanye ngaba ibandakanya bonke ubugcisa, umculo, umdaniso, ukutya, inkcubeko kunye nemisebenzi eziziswa yizizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye nabemi kumava aseMelika?

Ngo-1998, uSihlalo we-AAHOA uMike Patel wabhengeza kwishishini lehotele ukuba lifikile ixesha lokuchonga i-AAHOA's 12 Points of Fair Franchising. Wathi eyona njongo iphambili “kukudala imeko-bume yorhwebo ekhuthaza ukulingana neyingenelo ngokufanayo kuwo onke amaqela.”

I-AAHOA's 12 Points of Fair Franchising

Inqaku1: Ukupheliswa Kwangethuba kunye Nomonakalo Opheliselweyo

Inqaku lesi-2: Impembelelo/Ungenelelo/ ukuKhuselwa koMboniso weBrand

Inqaku lesi-3: Ubuncinci boMsebenzi kunye neziQinisekiso zoMgangatho

Inqaku lesi-4: Uhlolo loQinisekiso loMgangatho/ uVavanyo lweeNdwendwe

Inqaku lesi-5: Ububodwa boMthengisi

Inqaku lesi-6: Ukubhengezwa nokuThatha uXanduva

Inqaku lesi-7: Ukugcina uBudlelwane kunye neeFranchise

Inqaku lesi-8: Ukusonjululwa kwengxabano

Inqaku lesi-9: Indawo kunye noKhetho lwamagatya oMthetho

Inqaku le-10: IiNdlela zokuThengisa ii-Franchise kunye neZenzo

Inqaku le-11: Ukudluliselwa

Inqaku le-12: Ukuthengiswa kwe-Franchise System Hotel Brand

UStanley Turkel yachongwa njengoMbali woNyaka wama-2020 ngo Iihotele zeMbali zaseMelika, Inkqubo esemthethweni yeNational Trust for Historic Preservation, apho wayethiywe khona ngaphambili kwi-2015 kunye ne-2014. I-Turkel ngumcebisi wehotele opapashwe kakhulu e-United States. Usebenzisa inkqubo yakhe yokubonisana nehotele esebenza njengengqina elichwephesha kumatyala anxulumene nehotele, ubonelela ngolawulo lwe-asethi kunye nokubonisana ngehotele ngefranchising. Uqinisekiswa njengoMniki-Hotheli oMkhulu weHotele oEmeritus liZiko lezeMfundo le-American Hotel kunye ne-Lodging Association. [imeyile ikhuselwe] 917-628-8549

Incwadi yakhe entsha ethi "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" isandula kupapashwa.

Ezinye iincwadi zeehotele ezipapashiweyo:

• Abanini beehotele abakhulu baseMelika: Oovulindlela beshishini leehotele (2009)

Yakhelwe ukuGqibela: Iihotele ezili-100 + zeNdala eNew York (ngo-2011)

Yakhelwe Ukugqibela: I-100 + i-Old-Old Hotels kwi-East ye-Mississippi (ngo-2013)

• Ihotele iMavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt, uOscar waseWaldorf (2014)

• Abanini beehotele abakhulu baseMelika uMqulu 2: Oovulindlela beshishini leehotele (2016)

Yakhelwe Ukugqibela: Ii-100 + zeMinyaka eliDala kwiihotele zaseNtshona eMississippi (2017)

Ihotele Mavens Umqulu 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Plant, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)

• I-Great American American Architects Umqulu I (2019)

• Ihotele iMavens: Umqulu 3: Bob kunye noLarry Tisch, uRalph Hitz, uCesar Ritz, Curt Strand

Zonke ezi ncwadi zinokuodolwa kwi-AuthorHouse ngokundwendwela stanleyturkel.com  kwaye ucofa isihloko sencwadi.