Intshayelelo: Ukufumanisa iiwayini zamaGrike-Umdlalo wePalate
Kolu ngcelele luneenxalenye ezi-4, “Iwayini zamaGrike. Isikali esiNcinci + iMpembelelo enkulu,” sijonga ukuba kutheni iwayini zamaGrike kufuneka zibe kwiradar yakho.
Iindidi zeDiliya zemveli: IGreece izidla ngaphezu kwama-300 eediliya zemveli, nganye inencasa zayo kunye neempawu zayo. Le yantlukwano emangalisayo ivumela abathandi bewayini ukuphonononga uluhlu olubanzi lweentetho zomdiliya ezibonisa ilifa lemveli leviticultural yaseGrisi. Ukususela kwi-Assyrtiko epholileyo kunye ne-mineral-drived Assyrtiko ukuya kwiphunga elimnandi kunye neentyatyambo UMoschofilero, kukho iwayini yamaGrike elungele yonke inkalakahla. Ukuphonononga ezi ndidi zemveli kufana nokuqalisa uhambo ngenqanawa eGrisi terroir kunye nenkcubeko.
I-terroir eyahlukileyo: Imozulu yaseGreece eyahluka-hlukeneyo, ukukhanya kwelanga okuninzi, kunye nokwakheka komhlaba okhethekileyo kunegalelo kumgangatho obalaseleyo wewayini. Imozulu enelanga kunye neyomileyo ivumela iidiliya ukuba zivuthwe ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe nencasa egxile kunye neasidi edlamkileyo. Umhlaba obhityileyo kunye nombi, odla ngokufumaneka kwimimandla esezintabeni, unyanzela imidiliya ukuba isokole, ivelisa isivuno esisezantsi kodwa imidiliya yodidi olubalaseleyo. Le ndibaniselwano yezinto idala iwayini ezintsonkothileyo, ubunzulu, kunye noluvo oluqinileyo ngendawo.
Iiwayini eziMhlophe ezinomtsalane: Iwayini ezimhlophe zamaGrike zifumene ukuwongwa kumazwe ngamazwe ngomgangatho wazo obalaseleyo kunye nesimilo esahlukileyo. I-Assyrtiko, ekhuliswa kakhulu e-Santorini, ivelisa iwayini ezomileyo emathanjeni ezineasidi ephezulu, ebizwa ngokuba yiminerality, kunye nencasa ehlaziyayo yesitrasi. I-Malagousia kunye ne-Moschofilero zibonelela ngeeprofayili ezinevumba elimnandi kunye namanqaku eentyatyambo kunye neengcebiso zeziqhamo ezingaqhelekanga. Ezi wayini zimhlophe ziguquguquka kwaye zidibanisa kakuhle kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya, zibenza ukuba badibanise okumnandi kuyo nayiphi na iqoqo lewayini.
Iiwayini eziBomvu eziXinisayo: Iwayini ezibomvu zamaGrike, ngakumbi i-Xinomavro kunye ne-Agiorgitiko, nazo zifumene ukuhoywa ngobunzulu kunye nobunzima bazo. I-Xinomavro, ehlala ithelekiswa ne-Nebbiolo yase-Italiya, ivelisa iibomvu ezifanelekileyo ubudala kunye ne-tannins eqinile, i-acidity ephilileyo, kunye neencasa zeziqhamo ezimnyama, iziqholo kunye nomhlaba. I-Agiorgitiko, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Blood of Hercules" ihambisa iwayini ezintle kwaye ezinomzimba ophakathi kunye nencasa yeziqhamo ezibomvu kunye neetannins ezisilika. Ezi wayini zibomvu zibonelela ngendlela ekhethekileyo kwiindidi zediliya zakudala kwaye zibonelela ngamava anyanzelisayo kwabo bathanda iwayini.
Izimbo ezilungele ukutya: Iwayini zamaGrike ziyaziwa ngokutya kwazo kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukuncedisa kakuhle ukutya kwelizwe. Ngokugxininisa kwizithako ezitsha, imifuno enevumba elimnandi, kunye neencasa ezinamandla, ukutya kwamaGrike kuhambelana kakuhle newayini yamaGrike. Nokuba uyakonwabela ukutya kwaselwandle kunye ne-Assyrtiko epholileyo, ukudibanisa isitya segusha kunye ne-Xinomavro enesibindi, okanye i-Greek meze eyolisayo ene-Agiorgitiko eguquguqukayo, iiwayini zamaGrike ziphakamisa amava okutya kwaye zenze izibini ezihambelanayo.
UQoqosho loShishino lweWayini lwamaGrike
IGrisi inembali ende netyebileyo yemveliso yewayini, kwaye ibambe indawo ebalulekileyo kwilifa lenkcubeko yelizwe. Ijografi yaseGreece ekhethekileyo, enemozulu eyohlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zomhlaba, ivumela ukulinywa kweentlobo ngeentlobo zediliya kunye nokuveliswa kwewayini ezinencasa kunye neempawu ezahlukileyo.
Ngokwesikali sediliya, iGreece ibonwa njengomvelisi omncinci xa ithelekiswa namanye amazwe avelisa iwayini. Iyonke indawo yezidiliya eGrisi imalunga ne-106,000 yeehektare, kwaye imveliso yewayini ngonyaka imalunga ne-2.2 yezigidi zeehektolitha. Le mveliso incinci ngokwentelekiso inegalelo kububodwa kunye nobuchule obunxulumene newayini yaseGreek.
Ishishini lewayini laseGreece lingahlelwa ngokweendidi ezine eziphambili zabavelisi ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo wabo wemveliso. Iindawo ezinkulu zokuvelisa iwayini zinomthamo wemveliso odlula i-100,000 yeehektolitha ngonyaka, ngelixa iindawo zokuthengisa iwayini eziphakathi zivelisa phakathi kwe-30,000 kunye ne-100,000 yeehektolitha ngonyaka. Iindawo ezincinci zewayini, ezihlala ziphantsi kosapho, zinemveliso encinci engaphantsi kwe 30,000 yeetoni. Ukongeza, kukho ookopolotyeni abagxile ekuveliseni nasekusasazeni iwayini ikakhulu kwinqanaba lengingqi.
Bamalunga nama-700–1350 abavelisi bewayini abasebenzayo eGreece abane 692 abanelayisensi yokuvelisa iwayini yePDO (iProtected Designation of Origin) kunye nePGI (Uyilo oluKhuselweyo lweSalathiso). Kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuba eli nani libandakanya abavelisi bewayini abanemizila yewayini emininzi, ebhaliswe kube kanye kuphela ngokusekelwe kwindawo yekomkhulu labo. Igama elithi “esebenzayo” libhekisa kubavelisi asele bevelisa iwayini ekwiibhotile. Abanye abavelisi bewayini eGreece banokuba nezidiliya kodwa abakabinayo indawo yokuthengisa iwayini epheleleyo, kwaye baxhomekeke kwezinye iindawo zokuvelisa iwayini kunye nenkxaso. Imveliso yewayini eGreece inesabelo semalike esisezantsi kwaye azikho iinkampani ezinesabelo semarike esingaphezulu kwe-5 ekhulwini.
Icandelo lewayini eGrisi lihlala lithatha uhlobo lwamashishini osapho anesithethe ekudala sikhona. Ezi mizi yewayini ephethwe yintsapho ithwala imilinganiselo, imiqondiso, kunye nezithethe ezimiliselwe ngokunzulu kwinkcubeko kunye nelifa lemveli. Uninzi lwezi ntsapho zizakhele igama eliqinileyo kwimarike kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ngenxa yokuzinikela kwabo kumgangatho kunye nokuzinikela kwabo ekugcineni iimpawu ezizodwa zewayini zamaGrike.
I-boom ehambelanayo kwishishini lewayini lamaGrike linokubalelwa koku:
1. 1969, ukuze izalisekise imiqathango yokujoyina iEuropean Union, iGrisi yahlaziya inkqubo yayo yowiso-mthetho yewayini.
2. I-1988, ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "iwayini yengingqi" yamkelwe yimimiselo yesizwe.
Olu phuhliso lukhokelele kuphuculo lomgangatho wewayini eziveliswayo kunye nokuvuselelwa kwecandelo lewayini lelizwe. Ezi nkqubela phambili zomelezwe zizenzo ezidityanelweyo zabavelisi bewayini kwiingingqi ezininzi ezidale imibutho engenzi nzuzo.
Ubungakanani bemarike yoshishino lwewayini yaseGreece (2023) ilinganiswe ngengeniso yi-182.0m yee-Euro. Imarike yehle nge 15 pesenti ngonyaka phakathi kuka 1018 kunye no 2023. Eli shishini liqeshe abantu abangama 3580 kwimveliso yewayini (2023) nge-avareji yabasebenzi abayi 4.8 kwishishini lewayini ngalinye.
Abathengi bayakhuthazwa
Iwayini zamaGrike zinika umngeni onomdla kubathengi nanjengoko kukho iindidi ezininzi zeediliya zemveli ezilinywayo. Nangona ezi diliya zisekwe kakuhle, ezininzi ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, azikaziwa ngaphandle kweGreece kwaye amagama awo ahlala kunzima ukuwabiza. Amagama eewayini, iingingqi, kunye nabavelisi nawo anika umngeni ofanayo.
Ukuleyibhelishwa kwewayini zaseGreek kusekwe kumthetho weEuropean Union kwicandelo le wayini kwaye ke kufuneka kulandele imithetho ethile. Ileyibhile yewayini eyenziwe ngokuchanekileyo iya kuqulatha ulwazi olufunekayo kunye nolukhethwayo, ngokodidi lwewayini.
Iwayini eziveliswa ngamazwe akuManyano yaseYurophu, apho iGreece ililungu layo, zohlulwe ngokweendidi ezimbini eziphambili: iVQPRD (isiFrentshi sewayini ezisemgangathweni eziveliswa kwiNgingqi eMiselweyo) kunye neZiwayini zeTafile. Udidi oluphezulu lweewayini zeTafile zezeMimandla ezikwabizwa ngokuba yiVins de Pays.
Iiwayini ezine-Appellation - VQPRD
EGrisi, kukho iindidi ezimbini zeVQPRD:
1. Iiwayini ezineSibizo soMgangatho oPhezulu [Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Ανωτέρας Ποιότητος okanye ΟΠΑΠ]
2. Iiwayini ezineSibizo seMvelaphi eLawulwayo [Οίνοι Ονομασίας Προελεύσεως Eλεγχόμενης okanye ΟΠΕ] esetyenziswa kuphela kwi dessert zewayini.
Ukuze iwayini imiselwe njengeSibheno seMvelaphi, kufuneka ilandele imigaqo malunga neendawo ezichaziweyo:
a. Apho iidiliya zivumelekile ukuba zilinywe
b. Iindidi zomdiliya
c. Indlela yokulima
d. Ubuninzi besivuno ngehektare nganye
e. Ipesenti yotywala
f. Indlela yokuqinisekisa
g. Iimpawu zovakalelo lwewayini eveliswayo
Kukho izibheno ezingama-28 eGrisi. Ezingama-20 ziZibongozo zoMgangatho oPhakamileyo wewayini ezomileyo kwaye ezisi-8 ziiAppellations of Controlled Origin for dessert wines.
Ngubani Usela?
Ubume boluntu kunye neengqondo zabantu abasela iwayini zamaGrike zinokwahluka, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwewayini kuphenjelelwa kukhetho lomntu, imiba yenkcubeko, kunye nezinto ezithandayo. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zichaza abo banandipha iiwayini zamaGrike:
Abathanda iwayini: Abantu abathanda iwayini, bayonwabela ukujonga imimandla eyahlukeneyo yewayini, kwaye bayayixabisa incasa ekhethekileyo kunye neempawu zewayini ezivela kwihlabathi liphela banokuvulelwa ukuzama iiwayini zamaGrike. Basenokufuna ngenkuthalo iindawo zewayini ezingaziwayo okanye ze-niche kunye neentlobo zeediliya, kuquka nezo zifumaneka eGrisi.
Abahloli beNkcubeko: Abantu abanomdla kuphononongo lwenkcubeko kunye namava okutya okwahlukeneyo kunye neziselo bahlala betsalwa kwiiwayini zamaGrike. Aba bantu banokuba nomdla wokwazi ngenkcubeko yamaGrike, imbali kunye nezithethe, kwaye bajonge iwayini njengendlela yokuhlola kunye nokunxibelelana nelifa lelizwe.
I-Adventurous Palates: Abantu abathanda ukuzama iincasa ezintsha, ukufuna amava okungcamla okukodwa, kunye nokuphuma ngaphandle kweendawo zabo zokuthuthuzela banokutsaleleka kwiiwayini zamaGrike. IGrisi ibonelela ngoluhlu olubanzi lweendidi zediliya zemveli, nganye ineempawu zayo ezahlukileyo, inika ithuba labo abathanda iwayini ukuba baphonononge kwaye bafumane incasa entsha.
Abathandi bokutya kunye neWayini: Iwayini zamaGrike zihlala zonwatyelwa ecaleni kwesidlo saseGrike, esaziwayo ngezithako zayo ezintsha, iincasa zaseMeditera, kunye nezitya ezahlukahlukeneyo. Abantu abaxabisa ukudibanisa ukutya kunye newayini, kwaye banandipha ukuhlola ukutya kunye newayini, banokufumana iiwayini zamaGrike ukuba zibe lukhetho oluhambelanayo kwizinto abazikhethayo.
Abafundisi beWayini kunye neeNgcali: I-Sommeliers, abafundisi bewayini, kunye neengcali kwishishini lewayini ababandakanyeka ekufundiseni, ukubhala, okanye ukubonisana ngewayini banokuba nomdla othile kwiiwayini zamaGrike. Basenokuba
Abantu abahlala eGrisi bangabathengi abaphambili bewayini yamaGrike. Izizukulwana ezitsha kuye kwafuneka ziqiniseke ukuba ukusela iwayini kwakuhamba phambili ngelixa izizukulwana ezindala kufuneka ziguqulwe zibe yibhotile (ngokuchaseneyo nesixa) iwayini. Kwakufuneka bafunde ukuba iwayini inokuba yinto emnandi kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ngelishwa, iingcali ezininzi zewayini kunye nabathengi badibanisa iwayini zamaGrike kunye ne-Retsina, bengaqondi ukuba i-retsina yangoku ilula kwaye iyahlaziya, kwaye ayifaki imifanekiso yepetroli.
© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.
Funda iCandelo 1 apha: Isiselo somdiliya! IsiGrike Kum
