Izinto ezenziwa ngabantu, kubandakanya nokuphindaphindwa kwenani labemi kule minyaka ingama-35 idlulileyo, kuye kwaqhuba ukwehla kobomi bezilwanyana eMhlabeni, baqukumbela abaphandi.
Aba baphandi bavela kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Barbara; IUniversidade Estadual Paulista eBrazil; IUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; iZiko leBhunga loPhando ngeNdalo kwezeNdalo kunye neHydrology eNgilane; kunye neYunivesithi yaseLondon ngabaqambi bezifundo ezitsha.
Ukupheliswa okukhawulezileyo kwendalo eyahlukeneyo yomhlaba kubonisa ukuba iplanethi ikwizigaba zokuqala zokupheliswa kobunzima bayo besithandathu ukusukela oko yahlalayo kwiminyaka eyi-3.5 yezigidigidi eyadlulayo, ngokophando olutsha olwapapashwa kwiSayensi.
Kukho iipesenti ezingama-25 zokuhla kwezinga lomhlaba oseleyo, kunye neepesenti ezingama-45 zokuhla kwenqanaba lobuninzi bezilwanyana ezingenamqolo. Ezi lahleko ziya kuqhubeka zineempembelelo ezingathandekiyo nezintle kwiintlobo zezinto ezixhomekeke kubume obutofotofo bobomi eMhlabeni ukuze zisinde.
Iingxelo ze-RT:
"Sithanda ukucinga ngokutshabalala njengokulahleka kohlobo oluvela ebusweni bomhlaba, kwaye oko kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kukho ilahleko yendawo esebenzayo apho izilwanyana zidlala indima ephambili ekufuneka siyiqwalasele," utshilo. URodolfo Dirzo, umbhali ophambili wesifundo kunye noprofesa webhayoloji kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford.
"Okumangalisayo kukuba, kudala siyiqwalasele into yokuba ukungaphumeleli yinto eyimfihlakalo, kodwa ndicinga ukuba siyakuphela singekho mfihlakalweni ngenxa yeziphumo ezicace gca kumhlaba nakwimpilo yabantu."
"Ukuphulukana neAnthropocene," njengoko abanye abaphandi belibiza njalo eli xesha, kubetha izilwanyana ezinkulu ezinjengeendlovu, iibhere ezimhlophe, kunye nemikhombe eyona inzima kakhulu, njengoko ezi megafauna zingowona manqanaba aphezulu okuhla eMhlabeni. Lo mkhwa uhambelana nokusweleka kobunzima bangaphambili kwamaxesha amakhulu okuphela.
I-Megafauna ihlala inamazinga asezantsi okukhula kwenani labantu afuna iindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala ukuze kugcinwe abantu, ngenxa yoko bachaphazeleka ikakhulu kukukhula komntu kunye nomnqweno wokutya kwabo. Ilahleko phakathi kwezi zilwanyana zihlala zithetha iimpembelelo ezimbi kwezinye iintlobo ezixhomekeke kuzo ngaphakathi kwendalo.
Izifundo zangaphambili zifumanise ukuba ukulahleka kwezilwanyana ezikhulu kuthetha i-spike kwiintonga, njengoko ingca kunye namatyholo ziyanda kunye nokuxinana komhlaba kuncipha, lonke eli xesha umngcipheko wokudliwa kwehla nawo uyancipha, amanqaku eFuturity.org. Njengokunyuka kweentonga, kunjalo ke ngezifo zokuhambisa ii-ectoparasites eziza nazo.
"Apho ukuxinana kwabantu kuphezulu, ufumana ukungabikho okupheleleyo, ukwanda kweempuku, kwaye ngenxa yoko amazinga aphezulu ezifo ezonyusa umngcipheko wosulelo lwezifo," utshilo uDirzo.
“Ngubani onokucinga ukuba ukunganyaniseki kuya kuba nazo zonke ezi ziphumo zimangalisayo? Kodwa inokuba sisangqa esikhohlakeleyo. ”
Malunga neepesenti ezili-16 ukuya kwezingama-33 zazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinomqolo zithathwa njengezisengozini okanye ezisengozini, uphononongo lufunyenwe.
Ilahleko ye-invertebrate ikwanazo neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwezinye izidalwa. Umzekelo, ukunyamalala okuqhubekekayo kwabantu beenyosi ezibalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela kuya kuba neziphumo ezibi ekufuduseni imbewu yezityalo, kwaye ke kwimveliso yokutya emhlabeni, njengoko bekuxeliwe ngaphambili i-RT.
Izinambuzane zisasaza ipoleni malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zezityalo zokutya emhlabeni, ngokweFuturity.
Ngokubanzi, kwiintlobo zehlabathi ezingaphezu kwama-71,000, ezingama-30 ekhulwini zazo zisengozini, ngokutsho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature. Ngokusekwe kolu vavanyo- kwaye ngaphandle kwamanyathelo aqatha ezoqoqosho nezopolitiko ukujongana nokusweleka kwangoku - ukupheliswa kobunzima besithandathu kunokuqiniswa ngo-2400 AD, kwiDyunivesithi yaseCalifornia, e-Berkeley geologist u-Anthony Barnosky uxelele iphephancwadi likaHarper.
Izisombululo ekufeni zinzima, uphando lubonisa, njengoko amazinga okunciphisa ukutshintsha kwendawo yokuhlala nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwemihlaba kufuneka ize kwizicwangciso zommandla nezimo.
"Ukuthintela ukwehla okuthe kratya kuya kufuna ukuba siqonde ngcono ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zezilwanyana eziphumelelayo nezilahlekayo kumlo wokuphila kunye nokufunda abaphumeleleyo, sisebenzise esikufundayo ukuphucula iiprojekthi zolondolozo," utshilo uBen Collen, umhlohli kwiYunivesithi yaseLondon. kunye nombhali-mbhali wesifundo. "Kufuneka sivelise nezixhobo zokuxela kwangaphambili ukumodareyitha ifuthe lotshintsho kwindalo esingqongileyo ukuze sibeke phambili iinzame zolondolozo, sisebenza noorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela ukwenza umgaqo-nkqubo wokuxhasa ukuguqula imeko ezixhalabisayo esizibonayo."
Abaphandi abavela kwiDyunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSanta Barbara; IUniversidade Estadual Paulista eBrazil; IUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; iZiko leBhunga loPhando ngeNdalo kwezeNdalo kunye neHydrology eNgilane; kunye neYunivesithi yaseLondon ngabaqambi bezifundo ezitsha.
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- “We tend to think about extinction as loss of a species from the face of Earth, and that's very important, but there's a loss of critical ecosystem functioning in which animals play a central role that we need to pay attention to as well,” said Rodolfo Dirzo, lead author of the study and a biology professor at Stanford University.
- The “Anthropocene defaunation,” as some researchers have dubbed this era, is hitting large animals such as elephants, polar bears, and rhinoceroses the hardest, as these megafauna are the subject of some of the highest rates of decline on Earth.
- “Ironically, we have long considered that defaunation is a cryptic phenomenon, but I think we will end up with a situation that is non-cryptic because of the increasingly obvious consequences to the planet and to human wellbeing.
