Amagosa ase-US athi umkhweli weenqwelomoya zaseMntla ntshona osuka eNigeria uthe ubemela i-Al Qaeda xa wayezama ukuqhumisa inqwelomoya ngolwe-Sihlanu xa ifika eDetroit.
U-Rep. Peter King, u-RN.Y., wachaza umrhanelwa njengo-Abdul Mudallad, waseNigeria. UKumkani uthe inqwelomoya yaqala eNigeria kwaye yadlula eAmsterdam isiya eDetroit.
Ukhuseleko lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya eLagos naseAmsterdam kusenokwenzeka ukuba yingxaki malunga nokuba lo mrhanelwa wakwazi njani ukukhwela inqwelomoya yaseNorthwest Airlines.
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya iMurtala Muhammed International sise-Ikeja, kwiLizwe laseLagos, eNigeria, kwaye sesona sikhululo seenqwelomoya sisebenza kwisixeko saseLagos, kumazantsi ntshona eNigeria nakwilizwe liphela. Ekuqaleni yaziwa ngokuba yiLagos International Airport, yathiywa igama phakathi ngexesha lokwakhiwa emva kowayesakuba yintloko yomkhosi waseNigeria uMurtala Muhammed. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya samazwe ngamazwe samodareyithwa emva kwesikhululo seenqwelomoya saseAmsterdam Schiphol. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya savulwa ngokusesikweni ngomhla we-15 Matshi 1979. Sesona siseko siphambili seenqwelomoya ezithwala iflegi yaseNigeria, iNigerian Eagle Airlines kunye neArik Air.
Isikhululo seenqwelomoya iMurtala Muhammed International sinesikhululo samazwe ngamazwe kunye nesikhululo sasekhaya, esimalunga nekhilomitha enye ukusuka kwenye. Zombini iitheminali zabelana ngeendlela zeenqwelo-moya ezifanayo. Itheminali yasekhaya yafuduselwa kwi-terminal yasekhaya yaseLagos ngo-2000 emva komlilo. Itheminali entsha yasekhaya iye yakhiwa yaze yagunyaziswa ngomhla we-7 kuTshazimpuzi ka-2007.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1980 kunye neyee-1990, isikhululo seenqwelomoya samazwe ngamazwe sasisaziwa ngokuba sisikhululo seenqwelomoya esiyingozi. Ukususela ngo-1992 ukuya kutsho ngo-2000, i-US Federal Aviation Administration yafaka iimpawu ezilumkisayo kuzo zonke izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya zamazwe ngamazwe zase-US icebisa abahambi ukuba iimeko zokhuseleko e-LOS azifikeleli kumgangatho ophantsi we-ICAO. Ngowe-1993 iFAA yanqumamisa inkonzo yomoya phakathi kweLagos neUnited States.
Ngeli xesha, ukhuseleko kwi-LOS lwaqhubeka luyingxaki enkulu.
Abahambi abafika eLagos baxhatshazwa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesikhululo seenqwelomoya zizikrelemnqa. Abasebenzi beSikhululo seenqwelomoya baba negalelo kudumo lwaso.
Amagosa ajongene nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ayefuna izinyobo ngaphambi kokuba agximfize iincwadana zokundwendwela, ngoxa amagosa ahlola izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ayefuna intlawulo yemali engekhoyo. Ukongeza, iinqwelomoya ezininzi zahlaselwa ngabaphuli-mthetho abamisa iinqwelomoya eziya nokubuya kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya baza baphanga iindawo zabo zempahla. Izikhokelo ezininzi zokuhamba zicebise ukuba abahambi abaya eNigeria babhabhe kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iMallam Aminu Kano eKano kwaye bathathe iinqwelomoya zasekhaya okanye uthutho lwasemhlabeni ukuya eLagos.
Ukulandela ukhetho lwentando yesininzi luka-Olusegun Obasanjo kwi-1999, imeko yokhuseleko e-LOS yaqala ukuphucula. Amapolisa eSikhululo seenqwelomoya aseke umgaqo-nkqubo “wokudubula ngokubona” kuye nabani na ofunyenwe kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo ezingqonge iindlela zeenqwelo-moya kunye nemigaqo yeeteksi, enqanda ukukhuthuzwa kweenqwelomoya ngakumbi. Amapolisa akhusele ingaphakathi letheminali kunye neendawo zokufika ngaphandle. I-FAA yagqiba ukumiswa kwayo kweenqwelo-moya eziya eNigeria kwi-2001 ngokuqaphela olu phuculo lokhuseleko.
Iminyaka yamva nje ibone ukuphucuka okukhulu kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iMurtala Muhammed International. Iziseko ezingundoqo ezingasebenzi kakuhle nezingasebenziyo ezifana ne-air conditioning kunye namabhanti emithwalo ziye zalungiswa. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya sicociwe, kwaye iindawo zokutyela ezininzi ezintsha kunye neevenkile ezingahlawulisi msebenzi zivuliwe. Izivumelwano zeeNkonzo zoMoya eziManyeneyo ezisayinwe phakathi kweNigeria kunye namanye amazwe ziyahlaziywa kwaye ezintsha zisayinwe. Ezi zivumelwano zibone izinto ezifana ne-Emirates, i-Ocean Air, iDelta kunye ne-China Southern Airlines zivakalisa umdla kwaye zifumana amalungelo okumisa kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya esona sikhulu saseNigeria.
URhulumente we-Federal unike imvume yokwandiswa kokuhamba kunye neeholo zokufika kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya i-Murtala Muhammed International ukuze kuhlaliswe i-traffic eqhubekayo kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya.
I-AMSTERDAM SCHIPHOL UKHUSELEKO
IAmsterdam yeyona ndawo iphambili yokudluliselwa phakathi kweSkyteam iqabane leenqwelomoya.
Ngethuba lokutyelela ukhuseleko kunye nemisebenzi yokukhusela eNetherlands, abaphathi bezokhuseleko kwi-Airport ye-Schiphol bachaza izicwangciso zokwandisa inani leekhamera kunye neenzwa kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo ukuze bakwazi ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi kwisayithi.
UMiro Jerkovik, umphathi ophezulu wezokhuseleko, uphando kunye nophuhliso; Gunther von Adrichem, umphathi weprojekthi yokhuseleko, uphando kunye nophuhliso; kunye noHans Geerlink, umphathi womsebenzi wokhuseleko, wavula iingcango zeprogram ye-Schipol kwiqela leentatheli zorhwebo ezisekelwe e-US.
Kukho ugxininiso olubalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji eSchiphol. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya okwangoku sineekhamera ze-1,000 kwaye siceba ukwandisa elo nani ukuya phakathi kwe-3,000 kunye ne-4,000 (umxube we-analog eguqulwayo kunye neekhamera ze-IP) kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo. Isicwangciso kukugubungela isikhululo seenqwelomoya kunye neekhamera ezidibanisa nezinye iitekhnoloji ezifana nohlalutyo lwevidiyo, ukuqatshelwa kwepleyiti yelayisensi kunye nokubonwa kobuso, umzekelo. “Yonke into kukusebenzisa iikhamera, hayi abantu,” utshilo uMiro.
Ngokumalunga, iindawo ezili-15 kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya zineematshini zokuskena zamaza e-L3 millimeter ezisebenzayo. Nangona ezi mveliso zidibene nokugxekwa e-United States, u-von Adrichmem uthe kunqabile ukuba abakhweli baphume ekuhlolweni ngomatshini.
“Singabonisa ukuba olu hlobo lokhuseleko lungaphezulu koko sinakho namhlanje,” utshilo. "Inokufumana izinto ezincinci kunangaphambili."
I-Schiphol liziko elikhulu elineendawo zokuhlola zokhuseleko ezimalunga nama-200 - uninzi lwazo lufumaneka kwi-terminal yamazwe ngamazwe (ineenqwelomoya ezibotshwa e-US ezingama-80 ngosuku). Ekubeni isikhululo seenqwelomoya sikwinqanaba elinye, asinayo indlela yokwahlula abakhweli abangenayo nabaphumayo. Abakhweli bamazwe ngamazwe baqale bajongwe kumasiko ukuze bafumane ipaspoti esebenzayo kunye nepasi lokukhwela baze bajongwe esangweni. Ezo zibhabha ngaphakathi eYurophu zijongwa ngendlela efana nenkqubo ye-TSA e-United States kwaye emva koko zingene kwindawo esembindini apho ukujongwa kungeyomfuneko esangweni.
Kwezi ndawo zokuhlola isango, ii-arhente ezintlanu ziqhuba udliwano-ndlebe lwendlela yokuziphatha kumkhweli ngamnye ophumayo. Imibuzo ixhomekeke kumhambi, kodwa imibuzo eqhelekileyo iquka ukuba umntu uhlala ixesha elingakanani kwindawo, uhlala phi umntu, zeziphi izixhobo zombane eziphathwayo ezenziwa ngumkhweli kwilizwe kwaye bapakishe iingxowa zabo. Njengoko iiarhente ezine zithetha ngokuthe ngqo nabakhweli, kunye neepassports zesikrini, enye iprofayili yongamela wonke umsebenzi, ijonge ukuziphatha okukrokrisayo.
Nangona le nkqubo ibonakala isebenza kakuhle kumphezulu, uJerkovik wakhawuleza wachaza ukuba “awusoze wazi ukuba yintoni ezayo emva koko … wenza iqhinga kwaye kufuneka ulitshintshe” njengoko imeko yomngcipheko itshintsha.
Ukuhlolwa kwesango kunokungasoloko kuyinxalenye yenkqubo eSchiphol - u-von Adrichmem uqaphele ukuba bacinga ukwakha inqanaba lesibini ukwahlula abakhweli abahambayo nabafikayo. Eli nyathelo, nangona libiza imali eninzi, liza kwenza ukuba isikhululo seenqwelo-moya sifudukele kwindawo yaso yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokutshintsha kweenkqubo yinxalenye yobomi xa kuziwa kukhuseleko lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya. Ngokwembono yomhambi, oku kunokuba lucelomngeni. "Ngamanye amaxesha imimiselo kunzima ukuyiphatha kwaye kunzima ukuyenza ibe sengqiqweni ngokwembono yomkhweli kodwa yonke loo nto iyavakala," utshilo u-von Adrichmem. "Kukho umzamo omkhulu kunye nolwazi olungena kwindlela yokulungisa."
