Ukhuseleko lwabakhweli: I-Boeing ibeka uxinzelelo kwi-FAA yokufumana i-Boeing 737MAX ibhabha kwaye ixhalabe kamva

Iinqwelomoya zifuna ukufumana inqwelomoya yazo iBoeing 737 MAX iphaphazela kwakhona. Inkqubo yokumisa kwakhona i-737 MAX iya kufuna ukubuyisela ukuzithemba kweengcali zokhuseleko, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya, kunye nabahambi ngenqwelomoya. Ukongeza, kufuna ukubuyisa ukuzithemba kwabahambi noluntu. Inkqubo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku igutyungelwe yimfihlo, kwaye abakhweli baxhasa amalungelo amaFlyers aqikelela abakhweli Ngaba uyayikhaba i-Boeing 737 MAX ukuba le nkqubo ibonwa ukuba ingxamile,  ziyimfihlo, ziyaphikisana, kwaye azigqitywanga.

I-Boeing, kunye nazo zonke iiakhawunti zikawonke-wonke, i-FAA, ibonakala ngathi iyaqhubeka ukulungelelanisa amanyathelo abo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya abadingi kuqeqesho olongezelelweyo. Ukusukela ngemini enye yocwangciso lwe-737 MAX, iBoeing ikhuthazwe ngumnqweno wokunciphisa

(1) iindleko zomthetho zokuqinisekisa i-MAX njengosapho olutsha lweenqwelomoya kunye

(2) iindleko zoqeqesho ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bayazazi izinto ezintsha kunye nendlela yokusabela kwiingcinga ezingenakulindeleka, kodwa iingxaki ezaziwayo.

Amalungelo amaflaya aphinda akhalise intsimbi

I-FAA kunye ne-DOT khange ziyenze ibonakale inkqubo yokufumanisa ukuba kwaye nini kwaye ungayihlisi nini i-737 MAX. Nangona uphando olunjengophicotho-zincwadi olujongwa nguMhloli-Jikelele lwe-DOT ye-737 Inkqubo yoQinisekiso kufuneka ihlale izimele kwaye igcinwe iyimfihlo de igqitywe, olu phando lubini lonyulwe yi-DOT kunye ne-FAA luhlala luyimfihlo kwaye luvaliwe kumbono wangaphandle. Eyona nto ikhathaza kakhulu kukuba i-FAA ibonakalisile ukuba ayizukulinda naluphi na uphando olugqityiweyo ngaphambi kokurhangqa i-737 MAX. Olu phando lubandakanya uphando lwe-DOT IG, uHlolo oluHlangeneyo lwabaphathi, i-DOT's "Blue Ribbon" Panel, uphando lwe-FBI lolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nophando lweCongressal.

Indawo enye apho uluntu, kubandakanya iingcali ezizimeleyo zokhuseleko, ezinokuthi zenze izimvo zabo zaziwe kungokugqabaza apha kwisigqibo esicetywayo seBhodi yokuHamba ngenqwelomoya yokuqhubeka nokungafuneki kuqeqesho lwe-simulator kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya abangama-737 MAX. Kulapha apho iFlyersRights.org, egameni labakhweli beenqwelomoya, inokuxelela i-FAA ukuba icothise inkqubo yayo yokuphinda ivume i-737 MAX, ithathele ingqalelo izimvo zeengcali ezizimeleyo, kwaye iphelise "inzuzo kukhuseleko. ”Indlela ekhuthaze iBoeing ukuba ijonge kancinci utshintsho olwenziwe kwi-737 MAX kumzamo wayo wokuthengisa inqwelomoya njenge-737 kwi-FAA, kwiinkampani zeenqwelo moya nakuluntu.

Ukuba kufuneka ufake iinjinjini ezinkulu, ezonga umbane kwi-fuselage efanayo ukusukela kwiminyaka ye-1960, ngelixa uzama ukunciphisa utshintsho lwangaphandle nolucacileyo oluza kutsala umdla we-FAA kwaye ngokucacileyo lifune uqeqesho lokuqhuba ngenqwelomoya, kukhokelele uBoeing ukuba enze isoftware. lungisa: iMCAS.

Ingxaki kuphela kwi-MCAS, nangona kunjalo, yayiyinto ebhalwe kakubi yesoftware1 ukuthembela kwimpazamo enye yokuthambeka kwengeniso yokuhlasela 2, obukho babo abuchazwanga kwiinqwelomoya okanye kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya3, esebenza ngokungafaniyo kunokuba iBoeing yayilindelwe kwaye yaxelela i-FAA, kwaye ayinakubhalwa ngaphezulu, kwiimeko ezithile zokubhabha5, ngokulandela uluhlu lokutshekisha olubonelelwe yiBoeing.

Kwaye ngelixa iBoeing ibonakala isasebenza kulungiso lwesoftware, iqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezingafunekiyo kuqala zithathwa njengokuzikhethela yi-FAA ukuba ifakiwe, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba ezi zinto zingafunekiyo zisebenza njengoko zipapashiwe, iBhodi ye-FAA yokumisa inqwelomoya ayikacebisi zifundo zoqeqesho lwe-simulator. Esi siphakamiso ayixhaswanga nguMbutho wabaPhathi beenqwelo moya abaDibeneyo, uKapteni Sully Sullenberger, ezinye iingcali ngenqwelomoya kunye nesoftware, kunye noluntu.

Ngokuka-Capt. John Cox, owayesakuba ligosa eliphezulu kwezokhuseleko kuMbutho wabaqhubi beenqwelo moya, iMCAS idala imeko efana nesomisi esibalekayo. Kodwa isenzo sokulungisa ingxaki yokubaleka esibalekayo, ubuchule be "roller coaster", besingasabandakanywa kwiincwadana zoqeqesho ngamanye amaxesha emva kowe-1982. UCapt. Cox uthe ukuzinzisa okubalekileyo kwaphela ukuba yingxaki emva ko-737-2006. Ukuqala nge-737-300, "imveliso ithembeke kangangokuba awuzange usilele."

Obu buchule be "roller coaster" abuchasani. Ukuba ibibandakanyiwe kwincwadana yomqhubi wenqwelomoya, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya baya kuba nako ngakumbi ukulungisa iimpazamo zeMCAS.

Umbutho wabaqhubi beenqwelomoya ophikisanayo uthe iimfuno zoqeqesho ezicetywayo azonelanga. I-APA ithi uqeqesho lweekhompyuter olongezelelekileyo "aluyi kunika inqanaba lokuzithemba kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya lokuziva bengakhululekanga nje ukuqhuba inqwelo moya kuphela kodwa kwanokudlulisela ukuzithemba kuluntu oluhambahambayo."

UCaptain Sully Sullenberger uthi "uvumelana ngentliziyo iphela ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo" ngala magqabaza angeniswe apha.

Isinamathiselo sokuqala sisibhengezo sikaGregory Travis, injineli yesoftware enamava angaphezulu kweminyaka engama-40 kunye nomqhubi wenqwelomoya onamava angaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30. UGregory Travis uthi i-MCAS kufuneka isuswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye i-737 MAX airframe kufuneka itshintshwe ukuze kupheliswe ukungazinzi kwayo kubude bexesha elide.

Isinamathiselo sesibini sisiteyitimenti esivela kuMongameli wabahambi baseMelika uCharles Leocha.

Isinamathiselo sesithathu nesokugqibela yingcaciso yokuqala ye-FlyersRights.org, engeniswe ngo-Epreli 30, 2019.

isiphelo

Ngenxa yoluhlu lulandelayo lweempazamo, ukulungiswa kwesoftware ye-MCAS ngokukhawuleza kwamkelwe yi-FAA, ngaphandle kwazo naziphi na iimfuno zoqeqesho lokuqhuba umlingisi, ayamkelekanga kuluntu oluphaphazelayo.

 Isigqibo sika-Boeing sokubeka iinjini ezintsha kwii-fuselages ezingama-737 ezikhoyo endaweni yokuqala ngesakhelo esinokuxhasa iinjini

Ukusilela kuka-Boeing ukuphonononga ngokupheleleyo nokuqonda i-MCAS kunye neendlela zayo zokusilela

 Ukusilela kuka-Boeing ukwazisa i-FAA kumthamo we-MCAS wee-2.5 degrees, ezinkulu kuneedigri ze-0.6 ezazazisiwe ngaphambili

Ukusilela kukaBoeing ukwazisa abaqhubi beenqwelo moya ngeMCAS

 Isigqibo sika-Boeing kunye ne-FAA sokungabandakanyi i-MCAS e-United States nakwiincwadana zokulinga zaseYurophu

Isigqibo se-Boeing kunye ne-FAA sokungafuneki nakuphi na ukungafuneki kwinqanaba le-sensors zokuhlasela

 Isigqibo se-FAA sokuhlela ireyithi yokusilela ye-AOA njenge "inobungozi" kwaye inganyanzelisi isidingo sokuphinda sisebenze, ngaphandle kokungaphumeleli kwenzwa ye-AOA ngokwembali eyenzeka rhoqo kunokuba kuvunyelwe phantsi "kwenqanaba eliyingozi"

 Isigqibo sika-Boeing kunye ne-FAA sokungafuneki ukuba i-angle ye-sensor sensor i-heaters isebenze, ngokwe-MMEL.

 Ukusilela kwesoftware ka-Boeing yokufumanisa ukuba ukufunda bekungalunganga kuba utshintsho lwayo olukhawulezileyo belungenakwenzeka

 Isigqibo se-FAA sokungafuni, njengeempawu zokhuseleko, i-AOA ayivumelani nokukhanya kunye nesibonisi se-AOA

 Ukusilela kukaBoeing ekuqinisekiseni ukuba inqaku elinye lokukhetha, xa lithengwe ngokwahlukeneyo, liza kusebenza xa elinye inqaku lingazange lithengwe yinqwelomoya.

 Ukusilela kwe-Boeing kunye ne-FAA yokuqhuba iindiza zovavanyo zokulinganisa ukufundwa kwe-AOA ngempazamo

 Inkqubo ka-Boeing engonelanga, neyalandelwa ngabaqhubi beenqwelo moya base-Ethiopia

 Ukusilela kuka-Boeing ukuvumela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba banqumle iMCAS ngaphandle kokunqumamisa isinqumli.

Kude kube i-FAA izibophelela ukulinda de kugqitywe uphando ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokuba kwaye nini na ukungangqinelani i-737 MAX, inkqubo iya kube ikhawulezile. Nakuphi na ukungqongwa ngeli xesha kungaphambi kwexesha. Nasiphi na isindululo esingagunyazisi uqeqesho lwe-simulator kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya senza ukukhanya kuthotho lweziganeko ezibangele ezi ngozi zimbini kwaye ziya kubonisa ukuqhubeka kwe-FAA ukulungiselela ukurhweba ngokufanelekileyo ukhuseleko. 

Izicelo zeFlyersRights.org zandisiwe ixesha lokunika izimvo zoluntu kuHlaziyo lwe-17 lweNgxelo yeBhodi yokuMiswa kweenqwelo moya. Egameni loluntu oluhambahambayo, sicela ezinye iintsuku ezisi-7 ezongezelelweyo zeengcali zokhuseleko, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye nabanye ukuba bangenise izimvo zabo kwi-FAA.

Ukumiselwa kwakhona kwe-Boeing 737 MAX kunomdla omkhulu kuluntu ngokubanzi kwaye kufanele ukuba kwenziwe uphando olupheleleyo. Emva kwengozi ezimbini kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu omnye komnye, zombini zenzeka kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yenkonzo yorhwebo ye-MAX, uluntu lufuna isiqinisekiso sokuba ezi nqwelo-moya zikhuselekile kwaye i-FAA kunye neBoeing benza konke abanako ukubeka phambili ukhuseleko kwi-737 MAX nazo zonke ezinye iinqwelomoya. Ukufezekisa oko, ixesha elininzi liyafuneka kwiingcali ezizimeleyo zokhuseleko ukuba zize ngaphambili ukuze zabelane ngobuchule kunye neenkxalabo zabo.

UPaul Hudson pumhlali, FlyersRights.org ifunwa: 

Egameni labakhweli beenqwelo moya, sicela ixesha elininzi lokuqokelela kunye nokukhuthaza iingcali kwezokhuseleko ukuba zingenise izimvo zazo kwi-FAA. Ixesha lokuphawula livulekile kuphela iintsuku ezili-10 zeshishini. Ukuqwalaselwa kwesigqibo se-FAA esilindileyo sokukhetha ubuncinane ubunzima

Utshintsho olukhoyo, "umahluko weNqanaba B", ixesha elongeziweyo lokunika izimvo alizukudala ucalucalulo kwi-FAA okanye kuye nawuphi na umntu ochaphazelekayo. Ngelixa iBoeing inokufuna ukuba i-737 MAX iphinde iqinisekiswe ngokukhawuleza, asiboni sizathu sokuba i-FAA ifune ukubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko, okanye ibonakale ngathi ibeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko, ngokumisela kwakhona i-737 MAX ngokukhawuleza nangokubeka emngciphekweni ubomi ngakumbi.

Ingozi ye-Lion Air, i-Ethiopian Airlines crash, ezinye iingxaki ezichazwe nge-737 MAX, iindaba ezibalaseleyo zeengxaki ze-Boeing's 787 South Carolina, kunye nokwenqaba kwe-US Air Force ukwamkela i-KC-46 emva kokufumana izinto zangaphandle kubangele kufutshane nokuphulukana nokuzithemba kwintembeko yolawulo lwe-FAA kunye nolawulo lwe-Boeing. Iingcali kwezokhuseleko, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya, abagadi beenqwelomoya, kunye nabakhweli bashiyeka bezibuza ukuba bobuphi obunye ubungozi kwezokhuseleko kwezi nqwelo-moya zikhankanywe apha ngasentla nakwezinye iinqwelomoya.

Ukuba ukuzithemba koluntu akubuyiswanga, abakhweli abaninzi abayi kuthintela kuphela ukuhamba kwi-737 MAX, banokuthintela ukubhabha kwi-787 nakwezinye iinqwelomoya zeBoeing. Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba sele kusenzeka kwilizwe liphela njengoko iinqwelomoya ziye zacinga ngokurhoxisa iiodolo ze-737 MAX.

Amaxesha aqhelekileyo okubeka izimvo phantsi koMthetho weNkqubo yoLawulo (i-APA) anika ithuba elimalunga neentsuku ezingama-30 zokubeka izimvo. I-APA ifuna ubuncinci bexesha lokunika izimvo kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ngaphandle kwemigaqo yokutolika kunye nesizathu esivakalayo esibonisiweyo. Ngaphandle kokuba kubekho ulwandiso oluncitshisiweyo olunikiweyo, emva kokulinganisa isidingo sonyango olukhawulezileyo ngokuchasene nemfuno yenkqubo ebanzi nevulekileyo yokuthatha isigqibo malunga neloyeza, kuya kubakho ukusilela kwenkqubo efanelekileyo apha. Iinqwelomoya ezingakhuselekanga zinokungangqongwa ngaphambi kwexesha, zibeke emngciphekweni abakhweli kunye nokhuseleko loluntu, kwaye i-FAA izakuphulukana nokuthembakala koluntu. 2

Amagqabantshintshi ngesindululo se-FAA sokungagunyazisi uQeqesho lweSimulator

I-FlyersRights.org icebisa ngamandla ukuba i-FAA ifuna uqeqesho lwe-simulator kwimpawu ye-MCAS yabo bonke abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ze-737 MAX ngaphambi kokuba inqwelo moya enye ibuyele emoyeni.

Umbutho wabaqhubi beenqwelomoya obambiseneyo uxele ukuba ulungiso olucetywayo lwe-FAA aluhambi ngokwaneleyo kuba alubandakanyi uqeqesho lwe-simulator. Umbutho wabaqhubi beenqwelomoya obambiseneyo uthe imfuneko yokuba nexesha elongezelelekileyo lekhompyuter ayizukusilela ekubuyiseleni ukuzithemba kwabaqhubi bayo ukuba babhabhe inqwelomoya, kodwa iyakusilela ukubuyisa ukuzithemba koluntu ukuba babhabhe ngenqwelomoya. I-American Airlines ithe iphonononga ezinye iindlela zoqeqesho, kodwa umntu ohamba ngeenqwelo moya akufuneki ukuba azibeke kwimeko enye kwezoqoqosho xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinqwelomoya ukuze afezekise ukhuseleko ekufuneka lubekelwe zonke iinqwelomoya.

Ulwazi olutsha luhlala lukhanya mihla le. Namhlanje, umhla wama-30 ku-Epreli, umhla wokugqibela wezimvo zoluntu, iWall Street Journal ixele ukuba umqondiso we-AOA ongavumelaniyo awusebenzanga njengoko kulindelwe. Yenzelwe ukuba ibe yinto ezimeleyo kodwa ibingasebenzi ukuba inqwelo moya ingakhange ithenge nokuphuculwa kwesalathiso se-AOA.

Umlobi wempempe wakutshanje uxele ukuba ubonile ukungcola okukhoyo konakalisa iintambo ze-AOA sensors kwi-737 MAX. Ngelixa iBoeing ilikhanyela eli bango, iNew York Times inike ingxelo ngempempe eyahlukileyo evela kumzi-mveliso waseBoeing 787 eSouth Carolina othe wabona iinqwelomoya ezivunyiweyo zinenkunkuma kuzo kwaye uxelelwe ngabaphathi ukuba bangahoyi ukwaphula umthetho. Umkhosi Womoya wase-US uyeke ukwamkela ukuhanjiswa kwenqwelomoya ye-Boeing KC-46 kuba kwafunyanwa inkunkuma ngaphakathi kwenqwelomoya. Le patheni yokungaziphathi kakuhle ekufuneka iphandwe ngokupheleleyo yi-FAA kunye nabaphandi abazimeleyo ngaphambi kokuba i-FAA iqhubeke nokutyhala kwayo ukuze iphinde iqinisekise kwakhona i-737 MAX.

I-FAA kufuneka isinciphise esi siphithiphithi, nemfihlo yokuvumela i-737 MAX ibuyele esibhakabhakeni ide ifumane wonke umfanekiso kwiingcali ezizimeleyo zokhuseleko, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye nabanye.

Ixesha elifutshane lenze ukuba uluvo olupheleleyo lungenzeki kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba luthintele abanye ekugcwaliseni ngokwabelana ngobuchule babo, ulwazi kunye namava.

SOURCE: www.bhabnights.net