Unjingalwazi odumileyo waseJamani uNjingalwazi Bernhard Grzimek kunye nonyana wakhe uMichael bamisa inkampu ngoku Indawo yolondolozo yaseNgorongoro emantla eTanzania ukuba babhale kwaye bacebise kwaye bacebise urhulumente weTanganyika ngelo xesha kwimida emitsha yeSerengeti National Park naseNgorongoro.
Kwakungowe-1959 xa uNjing. Grzimek noMichael bacebisa ukwenziwa kwezi paki zintathu zasendle zase-Afrika, ngoku zibalwa njengeempawu zabakhenkethi eMpuma Afrika.
Ngefilimu yaseGrzimek kunye nencwadi, zonke ezinesihloko esithi “Serengeti Shall Not die,” ezi paki zezilwanyana zasendle2 eMantla eTanzania ngoku zibhiyozela iminyaka engama-60 yolondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle, zitsala amakhulu amawaka abakhenkethi abasuka kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba batyelele le nxalenye yeAfrika i-safaris yezilwanyana zasendle.
Ukuma njengemagnethi yabakhenkethi, iipaki zezilwanyana zasendle zaseTanzania eziphantsi kolawulo kunye nokuthenjwa kweTanzania National Parks (TANAPA) zimi njengezona ndawo zikhokelayo kubakhenkethi eTanzania naseMpuma Afrika.
Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathandathu okoko yasekwayo, iGunya loLondolozo lweNdawo yaseNgorongoro belizama ukufikelela kwisabelo salo, lishukumisela i-UNESCO ukuba ibhengeze le ndawo njengeNdawo yoLuntu kunye ne-Biosphere kunye nomhlaba oxubeneyo wendalo kunye nenkcubeko.
Indawo yolondolozo yaseNgorongoro (NCA) emi kwisekethe yezokhenketho esemantla eTanzania isetyenziselwa usuku loKhenketho lweHlabathi ukubonakalisa igunya, impumelelo kunye nendlela eya phambili emva kweminyaka engama-60 ikho.
I-NCAA yayiye ngo-1959 yahlulwa kwi-Great Serengeti ecosystem ye-pastoralist kunye neendawo zokuqokelela abazingeli ukuba babekho kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.
Abafuyi baseMaasai naseDatoga kunye noluntu olungabazingeli abangamaHadzabe bagxothwa eSerengeti National Park naseMwawa Game Reserve ukuze bazinze ekusetyenzisweni komhlaba okubandakanya i-Olduvai Gorge kwindawo enkulu yehlathi le-savannah kunye nomhlaba wamahlathi.
Ummandla waba yindawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO ngo-1979, i-Biosphere Reserve ngo-1981, kunye neNdawo yeNdalo kunye neNkcubeko yeLifa leMveli kwi-9 kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Ukuprintwa kwamanqina okuqala okuqala kwiminyaka eyi-3.6 yezigidi kuphakathi kwepaleontological, archaeological, kunye neendawo ze-anthropological ezinobungqina benzululwazi obuqinisekisa ukuba le ndawo yindawo yabantu.
Indawo yaseNgorongoro yoLondolozo lweNdawo inoxanduva lokugcina nokukhusela bonke oovimba beNdalo neNkcubeko le ndawo inikwe yona.
Ulawulo loMmandla woLondolozo lukwathatha indima ephambili ekukhuthazeni ukhenketho kunye nokukhusela umdla wabalusi kunye noluntu lokuzingela oluhlala kuloo ndawo.
Iminyaka engamashumi amathandathu okoko yasekwayo, iNgorongoro ibizama ukwenza izabelo zayo, ibangela ukuba iUNESCO ibhengeze le ndawo njengeNdawo yoLondolozo lweNdalo kunye neNdalo.
Abasemagunyeni benze imisebenzi ehloniphekileyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo, kubandakanya nabalondolozi, abakhokeli babakhenkethi, abaqhubi bezokhenketho, abathengisi be-curio, kunye nabanini behotele abakhonza ubukhulu babakhenkethi abaya apho yonke imihla.
Ukugquma malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-8,300 kule ndawo, iseyinxalenye yokufuduka kwamarhamncwa, iqwarhashe, amabhadi nezinye izilwanyana kumathafa akumantla eSerengeti National Park eTanzania naseMaasai Mara Game Reserve eKenya ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Iingxondorha, ubume bomhlaba, kunye nezixhobo ze-archaeological kunye ne-paleontological yendawo ekuphela kwayo emhlabeni enezinto eziphilileyo eziphilayo zasendle ezihlala nabantu zitsale abakhenkethi abangama-702,000, malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi zabakhenkethi, abatyelele iTanzania kulo nyaka uphelileyo.
Inani leendawo zokulala zabakhenkethi liphindaphindwe ukusuka kwi-3 kwiminyaka yee-1970 ukuya kweye-6 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kunye neenkampu ezisisigxina ezihlala iibhedi ezingama-820.
Amanye amaziko okuhlala ngaphakathi kuMmandla woLondolozo waseNgorongoro ziinkampu ezi-6 ezisisigxina kunye neenkampu zikawonkewonke kunye neenkampu ezizodwa.
Iimveliso zonyukile ukusuka kukhenketho lwemveli lokufota ukuya kukhwela ibhayisikile, ukukhwela ibhaluni yomoya oshushu eNdutu naseOlduvai Gorge, ukukhwela amahashe, ukubukela iintaka, ukuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nokuqhuba komdlalo.
Phakathi kwabantu abadumileyo abatyelele iNdawo yoLondolozo yaseNgorongoro nguMongameli wama-42 wase-US uBill Clinton, uKumkanikazi waseDenmark uMagrethe II, uMfu Jesse Jackson, kunye neenkwenkwezi zaseHollywood uChris Tucker noJohn Wayne.
Abanye yayiyiNkosana uWilliam kunye negqiza lakhe lonke elaliye kwingqungquthela ka-Leon Sullivan eyayise-Arusha. Ezinye izigcawu kwi-Oscar-Winning Out of Africa kunye noJohn Wayne 'Hatari zifakwe kwifilimu.
Ngaphandle kweendawo zayo zokhenketho zemveli, iNdawo yoLondolozo yaseNgorongoro ibonelela iindwendwe ngeemveliso zenkcubeko okanye zokhenketho kumakhaya amaMaasai okanye amabom athe saa kulo mmandla.
Kutshanje abaphathi babeke isakhiwo sobugcisa esinemigangatho elishumi elinesihlanu esibizwa ngokuba yiNgorongoro Tourism Centre (NTC) kwisiThili soShishino sase-Arusha ukuqhuba imisebenzi yaso kwimeko yeshishini elinobuthathaka.
Abaphathi kule minyaka ingama-60 idlulileyo batyale imali eninzi kuphuhliso loluntu lwabalimi, kubandakanya nokubonelela ngemfundo yaseprayimari ukuya eyunivesithi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwelizwe.
Ikwabonelela oogunyaziwe bengingqi ngemali yokwakha iindlela kunye namaziko ezempilo, ukubonelela ngamanzi, kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zonyango lwezilwanyana kule ndawo.
Ezinye iindawo zabakhenkethi sele zimiselwe ngaphakathi kuMmandla wolondolozo lweNgorongoro, ngenjongo yokutsala abakhenkethi abaninzi. Ezi ndawo zintsha zibandakanya iOlduvai Gorge engaphakathi kwale ndawo, iLitye iMuumba kufutshane neChibi iEyasi kwiSithili seKaratu, kunye namabhodlo e-Engaruka kwiSithili saseMonduli.
I-Olduvai Gorge nangona imi kule ndawo; ICandelo leZinto zakudala ezisetyenziselwa ukuyilawula.
UMphathi oyiNtloko woLondolozo loMmandla waseNgorongoro uGqirha Freddy Manongi uthi uxinzelelo olunyanzeliswa ngabefundisi kunye nabahlali abazingelayo kwizixhobo zendalo luyayithwalisa ubunzima le ndawo.
Ubalo lwabantu lwakutshanje lubonisa inani labemi elonyuke amatyeli ali-11 ukusuka kwi-8,000 ukuya kwi-93,136 yabantu okoko le ndawo yasekwa kwiminyaka engama-6 eyadlulayo.
Indlela yobomi itshintshile kakhulu kwindawo yolondolozo ingakumbi phakathi kwamalungu emveli endawo yokutyisa imfuyo.
Izindlu ezisisigxina nezala maxesha ziyaxhuma phakathi kweeklasi ezikhethekileyo zamaMaasai kunye namaDatoga ukuze kuhlawulwe umgangatho wobuhle bendawo.
Umbhali, Apolinari Tairoulilungu leBhodi le IBhodi yezoKhenketho yaseAfrika kwaye isebenza kwiKomiti yayo eLawulayo.
