Imbali yehotele: IWaldorf-Astoria Hotel

Ngomhla we-7 ku-Matshi ngo-2017, iKhomishini yoLondolozo lweeMihlaba ivotele ukukhusela inkcukacha zangaphakathi zeArt Deco yeWaldorf Astoria Hotel engaphandle kwayo esele ibonakalisiwe. Ngo-2015, i-China Anbang Insurance Group yathenga i-Waldorf Astoria phantse i-2 yezigidigidi zeedola kwi-Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc.

Kwincwadi yam ethi "Hotel Mavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt no-Oscar waseWaldorf" (AuthorHouse 2014), ndibalisa ibali elinomdla lokwakhiwa kweWaldorf-Astoria entsha ukusukela ngo1929-1931, iihotele ezakha yiyo, uyilo olulodwa kunye noluhlu oluphawulekayo lweendwendwe.

Nge-20 kaDisemba ngo-1928, iBoomer-duPont Properties Corporation yabhengeza ukuba iWaldorf-Astoria yoqobo (eyilwe nguHenry J. Hardenbergh) kwiFifth Avenue kunye neTroth-Fourth Street iza kudilizwa. Bathengisa ihotele kubaphuhlisi bezindlu kunye needola eziyi-13.5 yezigidi ukwakha i-Empire State Building kwaye uBoomer wakwazi ukufumana amalungelo kwigama elithi Waldorf-Astoria lokuhlawula idola elinye. IWaldorf-Astoria entsha yayiza kwakhiwa kwibhloko yonke eqeshwe kwiNew York Central Railroad phakathi kwePaki kunye neLexington Avenues phakathi kweendlela ezingamashumi amane anesithoba nezamashumi amahlanu.

Kwanangaphambi kokuba iWaldorf-Astoria yoqobo ivalwe ngokudiliza, uLucius Boomer wabuza inkampani eyaziwayo yokwakha iSchultze & Weaver ukuba iqale ukucwangcisa iWaldorf-Astoria enkulu. Uyilo lwabo lwehotele lubandakanya ihotele yaseLos Angeles Biltmore, ihotele iAtlanta Biltmore kunye neCoral Gables iBiltmore Ihotele kaJohn McEntee Bowman. Ifemu iyile iBreaker Hotel ePalm Beach kunye neMiami Nautilus Hotel. Ukongeza, bayile iihotele ezininzi ezibalaseleyo eNew York, kubandakanya iPark Lane Hotel, iLexington Hotel, iPierre Hotel kunye neSherry-Netherland Hotel. Umakhi okhokelayo we-Schultze & Weaver uLloyd Morgan (1892-1970) wayila i-Waldorf-Astoria Hotel ethi, ekugqityweni kwayo ngo-1931, ibe lelona lizwe likhulu ehlabathini, elinamagumbi angama-2,200 XNUMX. Ukujonga imizekeliso kaMorgan yeklasi emva kweminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesibhozo, umntu unokuphefumla ngobukrelekrele bukaMorgan.

Isiza sasiphezu kweNew York Central Railroad tracks ezazibonisa iingxaki zobunjineli kunye nolwakhiwo okoko ihotele kwafuneka iphumle kwiikholamu zentsimbi eziphakathi komgaqo kaloliwe. Ngapha koko, ukubekwa kweekholamu kwakufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa iishedyuli zoololiwe. Yayisisakhiwo esintsonkothileyo kunye nehotele edityaniswe ziiphedi zentsimbi kunye nezithuba zokufunxa ukungcangcazela phakathi kwendlela yendlela kunye nesakhiwo.

Ngenxa yokuba iWaldorf yayivula ngexesha loxinzelelo olukhulu, uMongameli uHerbert Hoover wacinga ukuba ukuvulwa kungangqina ukukhuthazeka kwabo baphulukene nokuzithemba kuqoqosho lwelizwe labo. "Ukwakhiwa kwesi sakhiwo sikhulu, utshilo kwintetho yakhe," kube ligalelo ekugcineni umsebenzi, kunye nomboniso wenkalipho nokuzithemba kwisizwe siphela. "

Ukudibana kwaba yinto eyonwabisayo kuLucius Boomer okoko abongameli bangaphambili babethetha kuphela ekunikezelweni kwamadama amatsha amakhulu, kwizikhumbuzo zikazwelonke, ekuvuleni iiyunivesithi ezintsha zesibonelelo somhlaba, kodwa kungaze kube kwinkumbulo ekuvuleni intengiso njenge ihotele. Emva kwexesha uBoomer wayezakubuyisela inceba kumhlobo wakhe wakudala kunye neqabane lakhe lokuloba. Ngobusuku bokumiselwa kukaMongameli uFranklin Roosevelt, xa uHerbert Hoover wayishiya iNdlu yeWhite emva kweminyaka emine enamagingxi-gingxi, wacela iiBoomer ukuba zidle isidlo sangokuhlwa kunye naye eNew York eWaldorf Towers.

Kwakukho iindwendwe ezimakhulu mahlanu kumagumbi ehotele angamawaka amabini ngobusuku bokuqala. Kwenye indawo esixekweni, uNorma Shearer kunye noClark Gable ziinkwenkwezi zoMoya oSimahla, kwiveki yesibini yokutshayisa eCapitol. UAnn Harding wayevela kumdlalo bhanyabhanya Ukuzinikela kunye noLeslie Howard. U-Eddie Dowling, uGinger Rogers, uRay Dooley, kunye no-Albertina Rasch Girls bebekwinqanaba le-Broadway Theatre entsha kwisitrato sama-53. IGrand Hotel ibiyidlala kuZwelonke. Amahlazo kaGeorge White ka-1931 e-Apollo abonisa uRudy Vallee, uEthel Merman, uWillie no-Eugene Howard, noRay Bolger. Inja kasodolophu weSixeko saseNew York uWalker, iseti yaseIreland egama lingu "Chauncey Olcott," ibilahlekile ekhayeni layo eFar Rockaway. UDavid Sarnoff wayebhiyozela iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu kwi-CBS. UKatharine Cornell uthathe isigqibo sokumisa i-Barretts yesitalato i-Wimpole ukuze akwazi ukuphumla iiveki ezintandathu. I-Greenwich Savings Bank ibonelela ngenzala yeepesenti ezi-4 kwaye uBrill Brothers wayenempahla yokuqhuba yomqhubi ngeedola ezili-169. Unokufumana isuti yokuwa kuJohn David nge- $ 36.50 kwaye ungene kwiRudy Vallee Orchestra kunye no-Eddie Cantor ngaphezulu kwe-WEAF ngentsimbi yesibhozo. IPhiladelphia yayidlala iSt.Louis kuthotho lwehlabathi, uRoxy wayenikwa isidlo sasemini eBerlin ngaphambi kokuya eRashiya eyokusayina italente. Ngaba u-Rogers wayengoyena mntu uhlekisayo waseMelika kunye ne-Nkulumbuso u-Laval wase-France babesiya eMelika ngomkhumbi. Ihotele i-Berkshire e-21 East 52nd Street, ibibhengeza "Iirhafu ezilungiselelwe iimeko zangoku."

Elo yayililizwe laseNew York ngethuba iWaldorf-Astoria yesibini yavulwa ePark Avenue ngomhla wokuqala kwinyanga yeDwarha ngo-1. Ngomhla we-1931 kuJulayi 4, iWaldorf yayinabantu abalikhulu elinesithandathu elinesithandathu, kodwa kumagumbi ayo angamawaka amabini kwakukho iindwendwe ezingamakhulu amabini anamashumi amathandathu.

Nangona kungekude nje njengeChrysler Building okanye i-Empire State Building, iWaldorf-Astoria entsha yabelana ngeprofayili engabonakaliyo kwiSixeko saseNew York. Ukujongana nePaki kunye neLexington Avenues zimbini zesiteyiti esinemigangatho emibini. Phakathi kukho inqaba enemigangatho emashumi mane anesibini ngaphezulu apho kukho izixhobo ezimbini zokufaka oomatshini bekhetshi, iifeni kunye namagumbi etanki lamanzi.

Eyona foyer yokungena iphambili kwiPark Avenue inamacala amabini aphakanyisiweyo nangaphaya, amagumbi amabini entlanganiso: Igumbi leSert kunye neGumbi loBukhosi. Ukuqhubela phambili nge-pasile edlulileyo kwibhanki yeelifti, iindwendwe zinqumle iPeacock Alley (indawo yokuphumla ebizwa ngegama lendlela eyaziwayo kwiWaldorf-Astoria). Ngaphaya kweyona ndwendwe iphambili engenafestile embindini wesakhiwo. Inemisebenzi yehotele yesiqhelo (idesika engaphambili, i-concierge, i-cashier, isikhululo seentsimbi) kunye nendawo yokutyela kunye newotshi entle ye-antique evela kwi-Waldorf-Astoria yoqobo.

IWaldorf-Astoria entsha yayiyinto enkulu eyenziwa ngamadoda amaninzi kwaye phantse uninzi lweshishini. Imali yolwakhiwo efikelela kwizigidi ezingamashumi amane zeedola yanikezelwa ngumbutho weebhanki kunye noololiwe, kubandakanya iHayden, iTye kunye neNkampani; IHallgarten kunye neNkampani; IKisser, iKinnicutt kunye neNkampani, kunye neNew York Central kunye neNew York, oololiwe abatsha baseHaven kunye neHartford. Inkampani yokwakha yaseThompson kunye neStarrett yaqeshwa ukwakha olu lwakhiwo. I-Schultze ne-Weaver kuye kwafuneka zihlawule ngokukodwa indawo yokubuyela umva kwendlu. Babengenandlela yakukhetha kuba ihotele yayinendawo encinci nje engaphantsi, emi naphezu komgaqo kaloliwe waseNew York. Ukanti, kungaphelanga neminyaka emibini kamva, ngo-Okthobha 1, 1931, ihotele entsha iWaldorf-Astoria yavulwa eluntwini.

Ukuchaza ihotele bekufana nokuzama ukubonisa imimangaliso yeHoover Dam okanye iGolden Gate Bridge- umthambo kwizibalo ze-ooh-and-ah: Ihotele yandise i-200 yeenyawo ecaleni kwePaki kunye neLexington Avenues kunye neenyawo ezingama-405 ecaleni kwamashumi amane anethoba namashumi amahlanu Izitalato. Amawaka amathathu eekyubhi ezinyaweni ezisetyenzisiweyo kulwakhiwo lwayo, ngokunjalo neetoni zentsimbi ezingama-27,100; Imiphanda yesamente engama-76,700, 1,000,000; I-2,695,000, 11,000,000, iwaka leenyawo zetsimbi zelathing kunye ne-furring; Iinyawo ezingama-300 ze-terra cotta kunye neebhloko ze-gypsum; Izitena ezili-625 XNUMX XNUMX; kunye nama-XNUMX eemarble zemarble. Iitreyini zePenn Central Railroad zazibaleka ngaphantsi kwehotele, eyayikhutshiwe kukungcangcazela ngenqwelwana ebunjiweyo yentsimbi. Ukusuka kwiminyango yendlela esecaleni kwencopho yamawele ayo, ihotele yenyuka iinyawo ezingama-XNUMX emoyeni. Ngaphandle kwamagumbi angaphantsi kwamawaka amabini, yayiyeyona hotele inkulu e-United States, ukuba ayikho emhlabeni.

UOscar waseWaldorf (maître d 'ihotele uOscar Tschirky) wayekhona ukuze kuvulwe ngoncumo lwakhe ngokubanzi njengakuqala. Abo bakhumbula iWaldorf-Astoria endala babevuya ukumbona njengaye nabani na kwihotele entsha. Iindonga zayo zazifulelwe ngefrench burl walnut eyambathiswe nge-ebony, ii-pilasters zayo zijamelene ne-rouge marble yase-France kwaye zineengqukuva kunye neekona ze-nickel bronze. Kunye neendonga zePeacock Alley ngamaxesha athile kwakuphumla i-maple vitrines ezijolise kwiglasi apho abathengisi baseNew York babonisa izinto zabo. Yayiyipaseji entle eyayibambe umoya, nangona ingaphindanga ikwenze ukubonakala kwendlela ehamba ngeentsomi kwiWaldorf yoqobo. Kodwa yayinegama elifanayo, iPeacock Alley, kwaye loo nto yayanele ukufudumeza iintliziyo zabantu ababelangazelela.

Nokuba ngexesha elimfiliba loxinzelelo, iWaldorf yaziwa njengeyona hotele inkulu emhlabeni. Abonwabisi abaphezulu babonakala rhoqo kwigumbi labo lobukhosi kubandakanya u-Eddy Duchin, Paul Draper, Frank Sinatra, Xavier Cugat, Edith Piaf, Benny Goodman, Eartha Kitt, Harry Bellafonte, Lena Horne, Tony Bennett, Peggy Lee, Liberace, Louis Armstrong, Ella UFitzgerald kwaye uninzi, uninzi ngakumbi. Iibhola ezibalulekileyo kunye neembasa zazibanjelwe kwigumbi lakhe lokudlala. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ehotele yayikuloliwe kaloliwe wabucala ohleli ngaphantsi kwesakhiwo apho iindwendwe ezimotweni zabucala zinokuza ngqo ehotele ngeendlela zaseNew York.

Kwintengiso yeWaldorf-Astoria ngo-1946 ethi iveliswe kwakhona kwincwadi egunyazisiweyo kaLucius Boomerer yeHotele Management, (Harper & Brothers, Publishers, New York, 1938), la magama alandelayo avela phantsi kweefoto zikaWaldorf- Astoria:

“IWaldorf-Astoria ngokuqinisekileyo yinto engaphaya kwehotele. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amane, abona bantu babalaseleyo emhlabeni bakhethe iWaldorf-Astoria njengehotele enye ehambelana nesidima sabo kwezopolitiko, ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho okanye udumo lwabo kwezobugcisa. ”

IWaldorf Towers enendawo yayo yokungena yabucala kunye nekhetshi yokungenisa ilifti kwiFiftieth Street yayijoliswe kuphela kubaqeshi bexesha elide. Amakhulu ezaziwayo, ukusuka kookumkani base-Yuropu ukuya kuma-Maharajas ase-Indiya, balala phantsi kwii-suites zabo ezinqabileyo. Umongameli Hoover, emveni kokumka kwakhe e-White House, wenza ikhaya lakhe eWaldorf, njengoMkhosi Jikelele u-Douglas MacArthur, iDuke kunye neDuchess yase Windsor, abapapashi uHenry Luce noWilliam Randolph Hearst, Omnci, umbhali wengoma uCole Porter, U-Elizabeth Taylor, uBob Hope, uSultan waseBrunei, nabanye abaninzi. ITowers inee suites ezili-115 namagumbi angama-90 kumgangatho wama-28 ukuya kowama-42.

I-plaque kwi-Suite kaMongameli ifundeka ngolu hlobo:
IWaldorf- I-Astoria Presidential Suite.

Abambalwa babahlali abadumileyo:
Wonke uMongameli wase-United States ukusukela ngo-1931
U-Queen Elizabeth II, eNgilani
UKumkani Hussein, Jordan
UKumkani Saud, Saudi Arabia
Jikelele uCharles de Gaulle, eFrance
Usihlalo uNikita Khrushchev, kwiSoviet Union
Inkulumbuso uDavid Ben-Gurion, kwa-Israyeli
Inkulumbuso uMenachen Qalisa, uSirayeli
Inkulumbuso uGiulio Andreotel, e-Itali
UMongameli uValery Giscard D'estang, eFrance
U-Emperor kunye ne-Empress uHirohito, eJapan
UKumkani uJuan Carlos I, eSpain
UMongameli uNicolai Ceausescu, eRomania
UKumkani u-Olav V, eNorway
UKumkani Faisal, Saudi Arabia

Ngehlobo lowe-1949, umbhali ogama linguThomas Ewing Dabney walungiselela ukupapasha i-biography yobude beencwadi yehotele uConrad Hilton. Incwadi ilandelela ibali lokunyuka kukaHilton ukusuka ekungafunekeni eNew Mexico, ukungena kwakhe kwishishini lehotele eCisco, eTexas, kunye nokuthenga kwakhe ukubhiyozela iPalmer House yaseChicago kunye neNew York Plaza Hotel. Incwadi, enesihloko esithi "Indoda eyathenga iPlaza", yagqitywa kwaye yayisezandleni zabashicileli xa abapapashi ngequbuliso bayalela ukuba umsebenzi ume. Amaphepha ezinto ayetshatyalalisiwe, iibhatyi zothuli zilahliwe, kwaye umbhali wabizwa ukuba ahlaziye isicatshulwa. UConrad Hilton wayengumxholo olungileyo webhayiloji kodwa, njengoko uDabney wayefundile, wayesandula ukuba ngumnini weWaldorf-Astoria Hotel. Ukuhlaziywa ngokukhawuleza, le ncwadi yakhululwa ukuba ibhukishe iivenkile ngo-1950 phantsi kwesihloko esitsha- “Indoda eyathenga iWaldorf: Ubomi bukaConrad N. Hilton”.

UDabney ubhale wathi, ”Ezingqondweni zamanenekazi kunye namanenekazi ahloniphekileyo, ukuthengiswa kwePlaza Hotel eNew York kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo kunganxulunyaniswa nokuwa kweBastille, ukunqunyulwa kukaCharles wokuqala, kunye neyesine yokumiselwa kukaRoosevelt . Yathathwa njengenyikityha xa kuthelekiswa nenyikima yaseSan Francisco okanye umkhukula waseJohnstown. ”

Kutheni le nto uHilton, owayesele ephumelele udumo lwehotele kwaye efumana imali eyoneleyo ukuze aphile kamnandi ubomi bakhe bonke, athathe isigqibo sokuthenga iWaldorf? Yayiyipropati edumileyo enembali entle, enkulu "isixeko ngaphakathi kwesixeko" esinamathuba aphuma nengeniso angenamda. Yayiyinto entle enokuthi isebenze ngokunenzuzo ngokudibeneyo nokunyuka kweetoni ezinkulu zikaHilton kwezinye iidolophu. Zonke ezi zizathu, nangaphezulu, zishwankathelwe kwibinzana elinye elibekwe ngumnini wehotele onamabhongo kwifoto yeWaldorf-Astoria: "Esona sikhulu kubo bonke." Ngenxa yokuba yayiyeyona inkulu, uHilton wayezimisele ukuba yeyakhe. Ngo-Oktobha 12, 1949, iWaldorf yaba yihotele yaseHilton.

Ukundwendwela ookumkanikazi kunye nokumkanikazi bekumisa rhoqo kutyelelo lwaseNew York, njengoko babesenza abongameli baseMelika. Ummeli wase-United States kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo ugcina indawo ehotele, njengabathunywa abavela kwamanye amazwe angaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu. Ngenye imini kwii-1960s zakuqala, owayesakuba nguMongameli u-Eisenhower wayese-Grand Ballroom kwisidlo ngelixa uMongameli uJohn F. Kennedy wayezimase isidlo-sonyusa isidlo kwigumbi lobukhosi. Kwangena oosomajukujuku abathandathu. UFrancis Cardinal Spellman wayesiya kwisidlo sasemini ewonga imbeko uMongameli Jikelele uMark Clark, ngexa uMongameli wexesha elizayo uLyndon B. Johnson noRichard M. Nixon babezula zula kwiiholo. NgooMongameli abahlanu baseMelika kunye nowayesakuba nguKumkani waseNgilani esakhiweni, yayingengomhla uqhelekileyo weWaldorf, kodwa kwakungekho kude kangako ukuba kubangele isiphazamiso esikhulu kubasebenzi basehotele.

IWaldorf yayiyi "Palace engekho mthethweni" yaseNew York, inqaba yobunewunewu, iziko lamandla nobutyebi, kunye nomyuziyam ophilayo wembali yaseManhattan. Kukho amanqaku apha naphaya akhumbuza uWaldorf wakudala kwiFifth Avenue— imizobo yezikhanyiso zehotele, kuquka neteyile entle kaOscar waseWaldorf, ekufeni kwakhe ngo-1950 zonke iiflegi zaseWaldorf zehliselwa kwisiqingatha sabasebenzi; iPeacock Alley eyakhiwe ngokutsha; Iwotshi entle egcinwe kwihotele yakudala eneenyawo ezisithoba zobhedu ezihonjiswe ngomfanekiso omncinci weSitampu soKhuseleko, iinkozi ezine ezinamaphiko asasazekayo, uthotho lwemidlalo, kunye nemfano kaKumkanikazi uVictoria, uGeorge Washington, u-Ulysses S. UGrant, noBenjamin Harrison.

Kodwa isithethe esihle esihlala kwisakhiwo sikhumbula ixesha elidlulileyo ngcono kunalezi zinto zingcwele - iinkumbulo zee-Astors, ii-echoes zika "Diamond Jim" Brady, "Bet-a- Million" Gates, kunye noBradley Martin Ball; Ukukhumbula kukaT. Coleman duPont, uDouglas MacArthur kwaye uninzi lwazo zonke, uLucius Boomer. Xa ubusuku busihla eNew York kwaye umoya wentlonelo ethe cwaka ungena kwiindawo zokungena ezinkulu kunye neepaseji, indlu yasebhotwe iphefumla ngokunzulu-kodwa iziporho zePeacock Alley azilali, mhlawumbi kuba ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-66 kamva, iWaldorf-Astoria ine umnini omtsha ngelixa, okwangoku, isalawulwa yiHilton Corporation.

Umbhali, uStanley Turkel, ligunya elaziwayo kunye nomcebisi kwishishini lehotele. Uqhuba ihotele yakhe, ukubuk 'iindwendwe kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokubonisana ngokukodwa kulawulo lweeasethi, uphicotho-zincwadi olusebenzayo kunye nokusebenza kwezivumelwano zokuthengisa ngokuthengisa kunye nokunikezelwa kwenkxaso yesimangalo. Abathengi ngabanini behotele, abatyali mali kunye namaziko abolekisa ngemali. Iincwadi zakhe zibandakanya: Ihotele eNkulu yaseMelika: Oovulindlela beshishini lehotele (ngo-2009), eyakhelwe ukuGcina: iihotele ezineminyaka eli-100 ubudala eNew York (ngo-2011), eyakhelwe ukuGcina: iihotele ezili-100 ubudala ubudala eMpuma eMississippi (ngo-2013) ), Ihotele Mavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt no-Oscar weWaldorf (2014), kunye neeGreat American Hoteliers uMqulu 2: Oovulindlela beshishini lehotele (2016), zonke ezo zinoku-odolwa kwi-AuthorHouse ngokundwendwela stanleyturkel.com