INkonzo yePaki yeSizwe kunye neSebe lezangaphakathi lase-US lichaza imbali ye-Willard Hotel ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Umbhali waseMerika uNathaniel Hawthorne wathi ngeminyaka yee-1860 “iHotele iWillard ngokusesikweni inokubizwa ngokuba liziko laseWashington kunokuba yiCapitol okanye iWhite House okanye iSebe likaRhulumente.” Ukususela kwi-1847 xa abazalwana bakaWillard abanomdla, uHenry no-Edwin, baqala ukumisa njengabagcini bezindlu zokuhlala kwikona ye-14th Street kunye ne-Pennsylvania Avenue, uWillard uye wathatha indawo ekhethekileyo kwimbali yaseWashington kunye nesizwe.
Ihotele yaseWillard yasekwa ngokusesikweni nguHenry Willard xa wayeqeshisa izakhiwo ezithandathu ngo-1847, wazidibanisa zibe yisakhiwo esisodwa, waza wayandisa kwihotele enemigangatho emine wayibiza ngokuba yiWillard Hotel. UWillard wathenga indawo yehotele ku-Ogle Tayloe ngo-1864.
Ngeminyaka yee-1860, umbhali uNathaniel Hawthorne wabhala wathi “iHotele iWillard ngokusesikweni inokubizwa ngokuba liziko laseWashington kunokuba iCapitol okanye iWhite House okanye iSebe likaRhulumente.”
Ukususela ngoFebruwari 4 ukuya kuFebruwari 27, 1861, iNkongolo yoXolo, eyayinabathunywa abavela kwi-21 ye-34 states, yadibana eWillard kwimizamo yokugqibela yokuthintela iMfazwe yamakhaya. Icwecwe elivela kwiKomishoni yeMfazwe Yamakhaya yaseVirginia, esecaleni kwePennsylvania Ave. lehotele, isikhumbuzo salo mgudu wenkalipho. Kamva ngaloo nyaka, emva kokuva ibutho leManyano licula "umzimba kaJohn Brown" njengoko babehamba phantsi kwefestile yakhe, uJulia Ward Howe wabhala amazwi athi "Iculo leRiphabhlikhi" ngelixa wayehlala ehotele ngoNovemba 1861.
Ngomhla wama-23 kaFebruwari, 1861, phakathi kwezisongelo zokubulala ezininzi, umcuphi uAllan Pinkerton wachwetheza uAbraham Lincoln eWillard; apho uLincoln wayehlala de wamiselwa ngoMatshi 4, eqhuba iintlanganiso kwigumbi lokwamkela iindwendwe kwaye eqhuba ishishini kwigumbi lakhe.
Abongameli abaninzi baseMelika baye baquqa eWillard, kwaye wonke umongameli ukusukela oko uFranklin Pierce uye walala okanye waya kumsitho ehotele okungenani kanye; Ihotele kungoko yaziwa ngokuba "yindawo yokuhlala abongameli." Yayingumkhwa ka-Ulysses S. Grant ukusela i-whisky kunye nokutshaya i-cigar ngelixa bephumle kwi-lobby. Iintsomi (ezikhuthazwa yihotele) zithi le yimvelaphi yegama elithi “ukuphembelela,” njengoko uGrant wayesoloko ebuzwa ngabo bafuna uncedo. Noko ke, oku kusenokuba bubuxoki, njengoko iWebster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary ithi isenzi “ukuphembelela” saya kutsho ngowe-1837. umkhuhlane obomvu kwi-White House. Izicwangciso ze-Woodrow Wilson's League of Nations zavela xa ebambe iintlanganiso ze-League ukunyanzelisa uXolo kwi-lobby yehotele kwi-1893. UMillard Fillmore noThomas A. Hendricks, ngexesha elifutshane eofisini, babehlala eWillard endala; kwaye emva koko ooSekela-Mongameli, uJames S. Sherman, uCalvin Coolidge kwaye ekugqibeleni uCharles Dawes bonke bahlala kwisakhiwo sangoku ubuncinane inxalenye ye-vice-president yabo. UFillmore noCoolidge baqhubeka eWillard, nangona emva kokuba ngumongameli, ukuvumela ixesha lokuqala lentsapho ukuba liphume kwi-White House.
Amakhulu aliqela amagosa, uninzi lwawo alwa amagqala eMfazwe Yehlabathi I, aqala ahlanganisana noMphathi weMikhosi, uJohn J. “Blackjack” Pershing, eWillard Hotel ngo-Oktobha 2, 1922, waza waseka ngokusesikweni iReserve Officers Association (ROA). ) njengombutho.
Isakhiwo esikhoyo esinemigangatho eyi-12, eyilwe ngumakhi wehotele owaziwayo uHenry Janeway Hardenbergh, yavulwa ngo-1901. Yafumana umlilo omkhulu ngo-1922 owabangela i-$ 250,000 (elingana ne-3,865,300 yeedola ukususela ngo-2020), kumonakalo. Phakathi kwabo kuye kwafuneka bakhutshwe ehotele kwakukho uSekela Mongameli uCalvin Coolidge, iisenenja ezininzi zase-US, umqambi uJohn Philip Sousa, umvelisi wemifanekiso eshukumayo uAdolph Zukor, umshicileli wephephandaba uHarry Chandler, kunye nothotho lwemithombo yeendaba, imibutho, kunye neenkokheli zopolitiko ezazikho kule ndibano. Isidlo sonyaka seGridiron. Kwiminyaka emininzi iWillard yayikuphela kwehotele apho umntu unokutyelela ngokulula yonke idolophu yaseWashington, kwaye ngenxa yoko iye yahlala abantu abaninzi abahloniphekileyo ngexesha lembali yayo.
Intsapho yakwaWillard yathengisa isabelo sayo sehotele ngo-1946, kwaye ngenxa yolawulo olugwenxa kunye nokuncipha okukhulu kwendawo, ihotele yavalwa ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili ngoJulayi 16, 1968. ukudilizwa kwayo. Ekugqibeleni yawela kwi-semi-public receiver kwaye yathengiswa kwi-Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation. Baye babamba ukhuphiswano lokuvuselela ipropati kwaye ekugqibeleni banikezela kwiNkampani ye-Oliver Carr kunye ne-Golding Associates. Amaqabane mabini emva koko angenisa i-InterContinental Hotels Group ukuba ibe ngumnini-ndawo kunye nomsebenzi wehotele. I-Willard emva koko yabuyiselwa ekukhanyeni kwayo kwenkulungwane kwaye i-ofisi yokwakha i-ofisi yongezwa. Ihotele yaphinda yavulwa phakathi kombhiyozo omkhulu ngo-Agasti 20, 1986, owawuzinyaswe ngabagwebi beNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US kunye namalungu eSenethi ase-US. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, ihotele yaphinda yafumana ulungiso olubalulekileyo.
UMartin Luther King Jr., wabhala intetho yakhe edumileyo ethi "Ndinephupha" kwigumbi lakhe lehotele eWillard kwiintsuku ezikhokelela ku-Agasti 28, 1963 ngoMatshi eWashington ngenxa yeMisebenzi kunye neNkululeko.
NgoSeptemba 23, 1987, kwanikelwa ingxelo yokuba uBob Fosse wawa kwigumbi lakhe eWillard waza wafa kamva. Emva koko kwafunyaniswa ukuba usweleke kwisibhedlele saseYunivesithi yaseGeorge Washington.
Phakathi kwezinye iindwendwe ezininzi ezidumileyo zikaWillard zaziyi-PT Barnum, uWalt Whitman, uGeneral Tom Thumb, uSamuel Morse, uDuke waseWindsor, uHarry Houdini, uGypsy Rose Lee, uGloria Swanson, uEmily Dickinson, uJenny Lind, uCharles Dickens, uBert Bell, uJoe Paterno. , kunye noJim Sweeney.
USteven Spielberg wadubula isiphelo sefilimu yakhe yeNgxelo eNcinci kwihotele ehlobo lika-2001. Wafota kunye noTom Cruise kunye noMax von Sydow kwigumbi likaWillard, iPeacock Alley kunye nekhitshi.
Ibekwe nje iibhloko ezimbini ukusuka kwi-White House, ihotele izele ziziporho zabadumileyo nabanamandla. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ibiyindawo yokuhlanganisana koomongameli, abezopolitiko, iirhuluneli, abantu boncwadi nabenkcubeko. KwakuseWillard apho uJulia Ward Howe waqamba "Ingoma yedabi yeRiphabhlikhi." UGen. Ulysses S. Grant wabamba inkundla kwindawo yokwamkela iindwendwe kwaye uAbraham Lincoln waboleka iziliphu zendlu kumnini wazo.
Umongameli uTaylor, uFillmore, uPierce, uBuchanan, uTaft, uWilson, uCoolidge noHarding bahlala eWillard. Ezinye iindwendwe eziphawulekayo ziquka uCharles Dickens, uBuffalo Bill, uDavid Lloyd George, u-PT Barnum, kunye nabanye abangenakubalwa. UWalt Whitman waquka uWillard kwiindinyana zakhe kunye noMark Twain wabhala iincwadi ezimbini apho ekuqaleni kwee-1900s. YayinguSekela Mongameli uThomas R. Marshall, ecatshukiswe ngamaxabiso aphakamileyo kaWillard, owaqulunqa ibinzana elithi "Into eliyifunayo eli lizwe yi-cigar eyi-5 elungileyo."
I-Willard yahlala ingenanto ukusuka kwi-1968 kwaye isengozini yokudilizwa kude kube yi-1986 xa ibuyiselwe kuzuko lwayo lwangaphambili. Iprojekthi yokubuyisela iidola ezingama-73 ezigidi yacwangciswa ngocoselelo yiNkonzo yePaki yeSizwe ukuze iphinde yenziwe ihotele ichane ngokwembali kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ipeyinti ezilishumi elinesithandathu ziye zakhunyulwa kwiplanga ukuze kuqinisekwe ngemibala yehotele yokuqala ka-1901.
Umgxeki woyilo lweNew York Times uPaul Goldberger wabhala ngoSeptemba 2, 1986:
Uninzi lokubuyiselwa kwezakhiwo ezibekekileyo ziwela kolunye lwezintlu ezimbini zinokuba ziinzame zokuphinda zenziwe ngokuthembekileyo kangangoko kwakunokwenzeka, okanye ziitoliko ezivelileyo ezisebenzisa uyilo lwantlandlolo njengendawo yokutsiba.
Ihotele yaseWillard esanda kulungiswa zombini. Isiqingatha sale projekthi sibandakanya ukubuyiselwa ngentlonipho kwesona sakhiwo sehotele sikhulu saseWashington, isakhiwo esahlukileyo seBeaux-Arts nguHenry Hardenbergh esaye satyeshelwa ukusukela ngo-1968, ixhoba lokuncipha kobumelwane bayo, iibhloko ezimbalwa kwimpuma ye-White House. Esinye isiqingatha sesenziwe ngochulumanco, ukongeza olutsha kraca oluneeofisi, iivenkile, iplaza kawonke-wonke kunye negumbi lebhola elitsha lehotele.
UStanley Turkel waqeshwa njengoMbali ka2020 woNyaka ziiMbali iihotele zaseMelika, inkqubo esemthethweni yeNational Trust yoLondolozo lweMbali, awayethe wabizwa ngalo ngaphambili ngo-2015 nango-2014. UTurkel ngoyena mcebisi wehotele upapashwe ngokubanzi eMelika. Usebenza indawo yakhe yokubonisana ehotele esebenza njengengqina lengcali kumatyala anxulumene neehotele, ebonelela ngolawulo lweeasethi kunye nokubonisana ngokuthengisa imali ehotele. Uqinisekisiwe njenge-Master Hotel Supplier Emeritus yiZiko leMfundo le-American Hotel kunye ne-Lodging Association. [imeyile ikhuselwe] 917-628-8549
Incwadi yakhe entsha ethi "Great American Hotel Architects Volume 2" isandula kupapashwa.
Ezinye iincwadi zeehotele ezipapashiweyo:
• Abanini beehotele abakhulu baseMelika: Oovulindlela beshishini leehotele (2009)
Yakhelwe ukuGqibela: Iihotele ezili-100 + zeNdala eNew York (ngo-2011)
Yakhelwe Ukugqibela: I-100 + i-Old-Old Hotels kwi-East ye-Mississippi (ngo-2013)
• Ihotele iMavens: uLucius M. Boomer, uGeorge C. Boldt, uOscar waseWaldorf (2014)
• Abanini beehotele abakhulu baseMelika uMqulu 2: Oovulindlela beshishini leehotele (2016)
Yakhelwe Ukugqibela: Ii-100 + zeMinyaka eliDala kwiihotele zaseNtshona eMississippi (2017)
Ihotele Mavens Umqulu 2: Henry Morrison Flagler, Henry Bradley Plant, Carl Graham Fisher (2018)
• I-Great American American Architects Umqulu I (2019)
• Ihotele iMavens: Umqulu 3: Bob kunye noLarry Tisch, uRalph Hitz, uCesar Ritz, Curt Strand
Zonke ezi ncwadi zinokuodolwa kwi-AuthorHouse ngokundwendwela stanleyturkel.com kwaye ucofa isihloko sencwadi.
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INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- The Willard Hotel was formally founded by Henry Willard when he leased the six buildings in 1847, combined them into a single structure, and enlarged it into a four-story hotel he renamed the Willard Hotel.
- ” From 1847 when the enterprising Willard brothers, Henry and Edwin, first set up as innkeepers on the corner of 14th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, the Willard has occupied a unique niche in the history of Washington and the nation.
- American author Nathaniel Hawthorne observed in the 1860s that “the Willard Hotel more justly could be called the center of Washington than either the Capitol or the White House or the State Department.
