Zeziphi iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ezinokuthi ziphulukane nomthwalo wakho? Ezinkulu.
ISebe lezoThutho likhupha iinkcukacha-manani nyanga nganye ngesantya apho iinqwelo-moya “ziphatha kakubi” imithwalo - oko kukuthi, ungayizisi kuwe ngenqwelomoya yakho. Ezo zibalo zinyuka zinyuka, kodwa ukuthatha umbono omde kutyhila ukuba ezinye iinqwelomoya bezingcono kakhulu kunezinye kwinkonzo yempahla.
Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, i-UAL Corp.'s I-United Airlines, i-AMR Corp.'s American Airlines kunye ne-Delta Air Lines Inc. - abathwali besizwe abathathu abakhulu- banezona rekhodi zokuphatha imithwalo ezimbi phakathi kweenqwelo-moya ezinkulu. Izinga lomthwalo we-United's phakathi kuka-1998 no-2007 laliphezulu nge-29% kunelo le-Continental Airlines Inc., eyayineyona rekhodi ilungileyo yeminyaka eli-10 phakathi kwabathwali bomoya abakhulu.
Ukuphathwa kwemithwalo kutsale ingqwalasela enkulu mva nje kubahambi abafumanisa ukuba ngoku kufuneka bahlawulele inkonzo yemithwalo ebikade isimahla. Ngokubanzi, iye yaba mandundu kwiinqwelo-moya. Izinga leengxowa ezingaphathwanga kakuhle kubathwali abakhulu abasibhozo ababebhabha kwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo laliphezulu ngama-28% ngo-2007 kunokuba lalinjalo ngo-1998.
Inani elixhomisa amehlo: izigidi ezingama-23. Elo linani labakhweli abathe iibhegi zalibaziseka okanye zalahleka kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ziinkampani ezinkulu zeenqwelomoya.
Oku kunokujika ngenxa yeemali zemithwalo - abahambi bajonga iingxowa ezimbalwa ukugcina imali, kwaye abaphathi beenqwelo-moya bathi umthamo oncitshisiweyo kufuneka ubavumele ukuba baphucule ukuthembeka kwemithwalo. Iingxowa ezimbalwa ezikhangelweyo zithetha iimeko ezimbalwa zokushiywa kwemithwalo ngenxa yobunzima benqwelo-moya okanye abaphangi bempahla bonganyelwe ngumthamo kunye nokubotshwa koqhagamshelo lwenqwelomoya okanye iisutikheyisi ezingahambi kakuhle. NgoJulayi, umzekelo, inyanga yokuqala epheleleyo yeefizi ukujonga nayiphi na imithwalo, i-American ithi abathengi bayo bahlolisise isigidi esinye seengxowa ezimbalwa kunoJulayi kunyaka ophelileyo, kwaye inani leengxowa ezingaphathwanga kakuhle lehla nge-35%.
Umbutho wezoThutho loMoya, iqela lezorhwebo elimele iinqwelomoya, ligxeka inkqubo yesizwe evaliweyo yolawulo lwezithuthi zomoya kunye nokukhula kokulibaziseka kokuhamba emoyeni ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga leengxowa ezingaphathwanga kakuhle kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. “Ulibaziseko lubangela ukuphoswa konxibelelwano. Ukuphoswa konxibelelwano kubangela ukuba iibhegi zingaphathwa kakuhle,” utshilo isithethi seATA uDavid Castelveter.
Iinqwelomoya ezineerekhodi ezingcono zangexesha nazo zineerekhodi zemithwalo ezingcono, njengoko ukulibaziseka kunokukhokelela ekubeni imithwalo ishiywe ngasemva. Njengoko iinqwelomoya zingxamela ukuya kuhlangabezana neeshedyuli zazo, ixesha lokuhamba phakathi kwenqwelomoya liya licutheka, nto leyo ekhokelela kuqhagamshelo oluphosiweyo lwemithwalo.
Ngokomzekelo, i-American, ibikade iqhuba kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa nemithwalo, ngesantya sokuphatha imithwalo sisondele kumndilili ukuya kutsho ngo-2001. Ukusukela ngoko, nangona kunjalo, iye yaba mandundu minyaka le, njengoko ukuthembeka kwenkampani yenqwelo moya ngexesha nako kuye kwehla. “Kukho unxulumano,” utsho uMark Dupont, usekela mongameli waseMerika kwinkonzo yeenqwelo-moya. Ukususela ngo-2004 ukuya phambili, "kukho ukuhla okungaguquguqukiyo kwinto nganye - ukuxhomekeka kunye nomthwalo."
Kodwa iMelika, enelona zinga liphezulu leebhegi ezingaphathwanga kakuhle phakathi kweenqwelomoya ezinkulu kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, ikwashiyeke ngasemva abakhuphisana nabo ekuthengeni itekhnoloji entsha yokuphucula ukuphatha imithwalo. Ezinye iinqwelomoya, umzekelo, bezisoloko zisebenzisa ibar-code scanners ezibanjwa ngesandla iminyaka eliqela ukulandelela ngcono iibhegi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ibhegi nganye ilayishwa kwinqwelomoya echanekileyo.
UMerika uvavanya iyunithi ephathwayo kumasango ali-10 e-Dallas-Fort Worth Airport International. Iiyunithi, zifakwe kwikhebhu yeetrektara eziqhuba iibhegi phakathi kweenqwelomoya eziqhagamshelayo, zinika ababaleki beengxowa ulwazi olungexesha lokutshintsha kwesango kunye nolunye ulwazi lwenqwelomoya kunamaphepha abawafumanayo ngoku, anokuba yimizuzu engama-30 ubudala okanye ngaphezulu kunye nokusilela. utshintsho lwesango kunye nolunye ulwazi.
Iingxaki zemithwalo zingunobangela ophambili wokunxunguphala kwabakhweli benqwelo-moya. Xa iibhegi zingekho, iinqwelo-moya zihlala zixelela abakhweli ukuba abazi ukuba kwenzeke ntoni ebhegini. Okubi nakakhulu, nangona abakhweli abaninzi ngoku behlawula imirhumo yemithwalo enokuthi iphele iphezulu, iinqwelomoya azibuyisi umrhumo ukuba iingxowa azifiki kwinqwelomoya efanayo nomkhweli. Abakhweli ekuye kwafuneka balinde iiyure okanye iintsuku zokuziswa kweengxowa badla ngokufaka izikhalazo kwiinkampani zeenqwelo-moya ukuze bafumane nayiphi na imbuyekezo, kwaye isoloko isiza ngohlobo lweevawutsha eziya kuhambo oluzayo, kunokubuyiselwa kwintlawulo yenkonzo yomthwalo.
URafael Sabbagh Armony kunye nenkosikazi yakhe babebuyela ekhaya eBrazil emva kweholide yeeveki ezimbini e-US xa wayebhabha ngqo kwiingxaki zaseMelika. Inqwelomoya yakhe ye-23 kaJuni yaseMelika isuka eSan Francisco isiya eMiami ukuya kuqhagamshelo eRio de Janeiro yajikelwa eLos Angeles ukuze ifike ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokulinda iiyure ezingaphezu kwesihlanu, abantu baseMelika babeka abakhweli kwenye inqwelomoya engazange ifike eMiami de kwakufutshane nentsimbi yesi-3: ndihambe eMiami de kube yintsimbi yesi-8:35 ngokuhlwa ngosuku olulandelayo.
Ukufika kukaMnu. Armony nomfazi wakhe eBrazil, bafumanisa ukuba umthwalo wabo awukafiki. Yayikwinqwelo-moya elandelayo, eyayingamiselwanga ukuba ihlale de kube ziiyure ezimbini ezinesiqingatha kamva.
“Iholide eUnited States yayimnandi ngokwenene. Sakuthanda ukuba lapho,” utshilo uMnu. Armony. "Kodwa inxalenye yenqwelomoya yayibuhlungu."
UMnu. Dupont waseMelika uthi umthwalo bekufanele ukuba ubuyiselwe kwesi sibini ngobo busuku eMiami, emva koko sijongwe kwakhona ngosuku olulandelayo kwaye siqhutywe ngenqwelomoya echanekileyo ukuya eBrazil.
I-Delta yayisoloko ingcono kune-avareji yoshishino kwiingxowa ezilahlekileyo kude kube ngu-2003; ukusukela ngoko, ibimbi kakhulu kunomndilili weshishini. I-Delta ithi ugxininiso lwayo oluhlaziyiweyo ekwakhiweni kweehabhu zayo e-Atlanta naseNew York-Kennedy ithetha ukuba ezona ndawo zindala, uninzi lweenkqubo zemithwalo yezandla kwezo ndawo zazisoyikeka. Ngokomzekelo, e-Atlanta, abaqhubi bathutha iibhegi phakathi kwee-terminals, njengoko amabhanti okuhambisa angadibanisi uninzi lweetheminali zeDelta. "Isiseko sempahla ye-Atlanta yakhelwe isinye kwisihlanu kuphela somthamo esiwuphetheyo ngoku," utshilo uSteve Gorman, usekela mongameli weDelta kwimisebenzi.
Inqwelo moya iphakathi kwiphulo lemali eyi-100 lezigidi zeerandi eliquka amabhanti amatsha othutho kunye nobuchwepheshe bemithwalo. Kulo nyaka iDelta yaqala ukuthumela iiskena eziphathwa ngesandla. Kwaye itekhnoloji iya kujongana nesinye isizathu esihlala sikhona seengxowa ezingaphathwanga kakuhle: Umthwalo ofika e-Atlanta kodwa ungaqhagamsheli kwiinqwelomoya ezingaphezulu kweeyure ezimbini uye ulahlwe kwindawo yokubamba - ngamanye amaxesha uya kulityalwa. Abasebenzi kufuneka bazilobe ngesandla kwiinqwelomoya zabo eziqhagamshelayo.
Ulawulo olungqongqo lubekwe endaweni eye yathoba unxibelelwano oluphosiweyo, utshilo uMnu. Gorman, kwaye kulo nyaka uzayo, itekhnoloji entsha iya ngokuzenzekelayo iibhegi zeflegi xa ilixesha lokuzilayisha ukudibanisa iinqwelomoya.
Kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, i-Continental, i-Southwest Airlines Co. kunye ne-Alaska Air Group Inc. ye-Alaska Airlines ibe zezona zihamba phambili ekuphatheni imithwalo. Ubunganga belizwekazi buphawuleka kuba, njenge-United, iMelika kunye neDelta, iqhuba iindawo ezinkulu kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezixineneyo, kodwa kwiminyaka esibhozo kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo, izinga lomthwalo walo ongaphathwanga kakuhle libengcono kunomndilili weenqwelomoya ezinkulu.
Isithethi sithi i-Continental ibiphatha ukuhanjiswa kwemithwalo njengenye yezona njongo zibalulekileyo kwiminyaka emininzi ngoku. “Ukubhabha ngexesha kunceda kakhulu, kodwa kukwafuna utyalo-mali kwizixhobo nakwiinkqubo,” utshilo.
I-United, kwicala layo, ithi yamkele iteknoloji entsha efana nokuskena okungcono kunye nokulandelwa kwemithwalo, ukutshintshwa kweenkqubo zokulayisha kunye nokudluliselwa kweengxowa phakathi kweenqwelo-moya, ukulungiswa okuphuculweyo kwezinto zokuhlela imithwalo kunye nokudalwa kweziko lokulawula imithwalo. Ukuphucuka ekusebenzeni kwayo ngexesha kuye kwakhokelela ekuphuculeni ukuphathwa kwemithwalo kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, kwakhona, isithethi sathi.
Inkampani yeenqwelomoya iye yanesiphithiphithi ekusebenzeni kwayo ngo-1999 nango-2000 phakathi kokungavisisani namaqela abasebenzi yaze yaphelela ekudityazweni kwamatyala ngo-2002. Kodwa ngo-2007, izinga lokuphatha imithwalo ye-United lalingcono kunelaseMazantsi-ntshona. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kulo nyaka, iqhube ngcono kancinci kunomndilili woontanga bayo.
I-United yayinonyaka wayo ombi kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ngo-1999, xa yaphatha kakubi iingxowa ezi-7.79 kubakhweli abali-1,000, okanye ibhegi enye yalahleka kubakhweli abali-128. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngaphezulu komkhweli omnye kwinqwelomoya nganye bagqibe ekubeni bazalise iifomu kwaye benexhala lokuba izinto ziya kuze zibuyiswe.
Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, i-US Airways Group Inc. ibiyeyona iphethe kakubi ekuphatheni imithwalo yasekhaya phakathi kweenqwelo-moya ezinkulu, kuquka i-America West Airlines Inc. ngelo xesha. (I-US Airways kunye ne-America West zadityaniswa ngo-2005.) Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, njengoko inkampani ibisokola ngamandla kwimisebenzi yayo ngenxa yeengxaki zokudibanisa ezi nqwelo moya zimbini, iye yafumana ubunzima oyena nyaka wayo nayiphi na inkampani enkulu kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo. 8.47 iingxelo zemithwalo engaphathwanga kakuhle kubakhweli abali-1,000 ngalinye, okanye ingxelo enye kubakhweli abali-118 basekhaya.
Inkampani yeenqwelomoya iye yaguquka kulo nyaka kwaye kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2008 ibingcono kuneDelta kunye neMelika kwinkonzo yemithwalo.
