Ushicilelo lweNtetho enikezelwe nguHloniphekileyo. U-Edmund Bartlett kwiNgqungquthela yokuBuyisa uKhenketho lwase-Afrika eKenya izolo:
Njengoko kunjalo kweminye imimandla ephuhlayo kwihlabathi liphela, ukhenketho nokhenketho lube yenye yezinto eziphambili zohlumo kwilizwekazi lonke lase-Afrika, ngakumbi kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.
Ngo-2018, abakhenkethi abafikayo kumazwe ase-Afrika bakhule nge-5.6 %, nto leyo ibiyeyesibini kwizinga lokukhula ngokukhawuleza kuyo yonke imimandla kwaye yomelele kunomndilili wokukhula wehlabathi oyi-3.9%.
Iirisithi zeminyaka elishumi zelizwekazi zibonisa ukuba abakhenkethi abafikayo, enyanisweni, banyuke ukusuka kwizigidi ezingama-26 ngo-2000 ukuya kutsho kwizigidi ezingama-70 ngo-2019.
Igalelo lokhenketho kwi-GDP yase-Afrika lilinganiselwa kwi-USD 168 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2019, elilingana ne-7.1 % yeGDP iyonke. Ukhenketho nalo luvelise imisebenzi esondele kwizigidi ezingama-25 ngelixa inkcitho yabatyeleli yenze i-USD61.3BN okanye i-10.4% yetotali yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle.
Ngelishwa, naxa kujongwa le nkqubo imandla phakathi kweendawo zase-Afrika kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ushishino lwezokhenketho e-Afrika lusahleli luethe-ethe kakhulu, ngaxeshanye lubonisa ukomelela nokuba sesichengeni; ngazo zombini ezi zinto zibonakaliswa ngamaxesha arhoqo kunye nobunzulu obulinganayo.
Ngaphandle kokuba ililizwekazi lesibini elinabantu abaninzi, i-Afrika ifumene kuphela i-5 % yabantu abayi-1.1 yebhiliyoni abaye bahambela amazwe ngamazwe ngo-2019.
Ukubeka oku ngokwembono, iCaribbean, eyingingqi ephantsi yabantu abazizigidi ezingama-43, ifumene i-2.8% yabakhenkethi bamazwe aphesheya ngo-2019, phantse ilingana nesabelo saseAfrika.
Isabelo esincinci se-Afrika kurhwebo lwehlabathi lokhenketho ludanisa ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nemvelaphi yokuba ilizwekazi lijizekwe ngezinto ezininzi zendalo ezinokonyusa ukhuphiswano lwalo lokhenketho kuquka intabalala yemithombo yendalo, izilwanyana zasendle kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle, iyantlukwano yenkcubeko kunye nemitsalane ebanzi yendalo.
Ilizwekazi ke ngoko linamandla amakhulu okuphuhlisa amacandelo akhula kwimfuno yabakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe afana nokhenketho lwendalo/uhambo, ukhenketho lwelifa lenkcubeko, kunye nokuhamba ngempilo, impilo, kunye neenjongo zomhlalaphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, singagqiba kubungqina obukhoyo bokuba ilizwekazi lase-Afrika linamandla amakhulu okhenketho angasetyenziswanga.
Ngaphambi kokuba iindawo zaseAfrika, nangona kunjalo, zikwazi ukwandisa amandla azo okukhula ngokupheleleyo, kuya kufuneka kuqala zijongane neminye imiqobo emikhulu. Iimpawu ze-ikholoji ne-geological ye-Afrika kunye nendawo ekuyo ngokwejografi, zichongwe njengezona zinto ziphambili ezinegalelo kuguquko lokhenketho lwelizwekazi.
Iindawo ezininzi zaseAfrika zinezithethe, nangakumbi ukususela ekuveleni kotshintsho lwemozulu, ziye zafumana iingozi ezibaxiweyo ezinxulumene nembalela, iinyikima, izikhukula, iinkanyamba, ukungakhuseleki kokutya, ilahleko yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukufuduswa kwabantu, kunye nokuqhambuka kwezifo.
Nanjengoko amazwe kwilizwekazi liphela esilwa ubhubhani we-covid-19, uninzi lukwalawula kwangaxeshanye olunye uqhushululu olunxulunyaniswa nekholera, i-Ebola, iLassa fever, isifo seengcongconi, imasisi, ipoliyo, kunye nomkhuhlane omthubi.
Lo bhubhani ukhoyo uvelise ifuthe elibi kwiindawo zokhenketho zaseAfrika.
Ngelixa i-case-fatality ratio (CFR) ye-Covid-19 e-Afrika ihleli isezantsi kune-CFR yehlabathi, ilizwekazi ngokwesiko libe necandelo lokhenketho elingaphuhliswanga nelincinci lamazwekazi kunye neendwendwe zalo zonyaka ezifika zivela kwimimandla kunye namazwe. njenge China, US, Great Britain, kunye neJamani.
Ekugqibeleni, indibaniselwano yokuvalwa kwelizwe, isiseko sabathengi abakhenkethi basekhaya abancinci, kunye neshishini elijolise kwinkcitho enkulu yabatyeleli abavela kumazwe angaphandle kuthetha ukuba ishishini lokhenketho lase-Afrika linesakhono esilinganiselweyo sokuziqhelanisa nokwehla kwexesha elide kuhambo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
I-Afrika irekhode ukuhla kwe-75% yabakhenkethi abafikayo ngo-2020 kunye ne-USD 120 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwigalelo le-GDP evela kukhenketho ngo-2020.
Oku kuguqulela ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kahlanu kwelahleko kwiirisithi ezirekhodwe ngo-2009 ngexesha lobunzima bezoqoqosho kunye nezezimali kwihlabathi. Oku kukwaguqulela ekuphulukaneni kwemisebenzi ezizigidi ezili-12.4 okanye imisebenzi embalwa nge-51 % kwezokhenketho phakathi kowama-2019 nowama-2020.
Ngokulindelekileyo, uluntu oluninzi lwengingqi, ngakumbi abo bakufutshane neendawo zolondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle kwaye baxhomekeke kukhenketho ukuze baphile ngokwezoqoqosho, ngoku bajongene nemingcipheko yendlala kunye nokungabikho kweenkonzo zoluntu ezisisiseko ngenxa yokuhla okunyuka kokhenketho kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo.
Lo bhubhani ukhoyo ukhulise kuphela eminye yemiceli mngeni yemveli, yesakhiwo ejongene neendawo ezininzi zaseAfrika. Le mingeni yenze buthathaka umda wabo wokuxhathisa kunye nokomelela.
Zibandakanya iziseko ezingundoqo ezingaphuhliswanga, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko, ukungabikho kokhuseleko, ukhuseleko, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho oluphezulu, ubunzima abajongene nabatyali-mali ekufumaneni imali, irhafu ephezulu kutyalo-mali lokhenketho, amanqanaba aphantsi obuchule bokhenketho, i-red tape kunye ne-bureaucracy kunye namanqanaba aphantsi enkxaso yebhajethi evela. koorhulumente, nakwiindawo apho ukhenketho lunegalelo elikhulu kwezoqoqosho.
Kucacile ukuba umsebenzi wokubuyisela ukhenketho phakathi kweendawo zaseAfrika ufuna isikhokelo esiluqilima sokuqina kwezokhenketho esinemiba efana nentsebenziswano yamacandelo ahlukeneyo, inkxaso-mali yamazwe ngamazwe, kunye noncedo lobugcisa, uphuhliso lweenkqubo zokulumkisa ezibanzi, uphuhliso lwemilinganiselo yokuqina, uphando kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha. , uphuhliso lweemarike ze-niche uphuhliso kunye noqeqesho lwabasebenzi, izixhobo zokuthengisa eziphuculweyo, ukubandakanyeka okukhulu kwe-diasporas yase-Afrika kwihlabathi jikelele, ukuphucula umtsalane wendawo ekusingwa kuyo kunye nokhuseleko kunye neenzame ezandisiweyo zokwakha ukomelela kunye nokuxhasa uphuhliso lwemveliso phakathi koluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
Njengeziko eligxile ekunxibelelaniseni izicwangciso-qhinga kunye nongenelelo lokuphucula ukomelela kwezokhenketho kwihlabathi jikelele, iGlobal Tourism Resilience and Crisis Management Centre (GTCMC) ikulungele ukuncedisana ekuhlanganiseni imbumba yokubuyisela umva kwiindawo zase-Afrika kunye nokomeleza ukomelela ngokubanzi kweendawo zase-Afrika.
Lo mfelandawonye unokubandakanya abaphathiswa bokhenketho baseAfrika, abanini hotele kunye nezinye iinkokeli zeshishini, icandelo labucala, amalungu emfundo ephakamileyo, amalungu ahlala ngaphandle kwama-Afrika, amaqela asekuhlaleni, izizwe zomthonyama, kunye nabameli bemibutho yokhenketho yasekhaya, yommandla, neyehlabathi jikelele.
Oku kuza kwakhela kumsebenzi esele siwuqalile ngokusekwa kwelinye lamaziko ethu asebenza ngesathelayithi kwiYunivesithi yaseKenyatta, eKenya ngowama-2019 kunye nelinye esilibekele iSeychelles.
Okokugqibela, ndiyakholelwa ukuba kuya kubakho imfuno ekhulayo yeemveliso zokhenketho kwixesha le-post covid eliya kunika i-Afrika umthombo wokhuphiswano. Imfuno yeemveliso zokhenketho kuquka; inkcubeko, ilifa lemveli, impilo, kunye nokuba sempilweni kunokwenzeka ukuba zikhule njengoko imikhwa yabatyeleli isiya isuka kukhenketho lwe-laissez-faire ukuya kukhenketho oluzinzileyo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iindawo zokusingwa zaseAfrika zibambisene nemizila yokuhamba ngenqanawa kunye neenqwelomoya, ngakumbi eMntla Melika naseYurophu. inokuphonononga ukuba nokwenzeka kwamalungiselelo eendawo ezininzi eziya kuvumela abakhenkethi, ukuba, umzekelo, bahlaziye amava okanye indlela yoMda oPhakathi.
Iinkokeli zoshishino lwezokhenketho lwase-Afrika kufuneka zijolise ngokungqongqo abantu base-Afrika, ngakumbi abo baseMelika, ukubakhuthaza ukuba bathathele ingqalelo iAfrika njengemarike yokhenketho esebenzayo, enomtsalane ngenjongo ikukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezinomtsalane kunye neepakethi ezinokuthi zifikelele kwisidingo samava angathandekiyo. Ilizwekazi lase-Afrika ngabantu be-diasporic eMelika.
Ubhubhani ukwabonisile ukuba iindawo zase-Afrika azinakuphinda zithintele impumelelo yemveliso yabo yokhenketho kwiimarike ezimbalwa zemveli eziseMntla Melika naseYurophu.
Kuya kufuneka bafumane iindlela zokusukela ngamandla kwaye bangene kwiimarike ezintsha. Kule njongo, banokuqala ukujonga ngokusondeleyo ekhaya. Ewe kunjalo, sithetha ngoMbindi Mpuma- ummandla wejografi ongaphelelanga nje ekufikeleleni kwezinye iindawo zaseAfrika kodwa ukwanesakhono esibalulekileyo.
The UNWTO ichaze uMbindi Mpuma njengenye yezona ndawo zincinci, kodwa zikhula ngokukhawuleza, imimandla evelisa abakhenkethi kwihlabathi, ehamba ngokuphindwe kane kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo. Imbonakalo yekamva lobudlelwane obuneziqhamo phakathi kweendawo ekufikelelwa kuzo iAfrika kunye noMbindi Mpuma ngokuqinisekileyo ilungile xa kujongwa iimeko ezifanelekileyo kunye nemibandela.
Elokuvala, ndiza kuphinda ndithathe eli thuba ndiphinde ndigxininise indima ebalulekileyo eza kudlalwa ziziganeko ezimbini ekubuyiseleni ukhenketho lwelizwekazi kunye nolwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ezi ziganeko zimbini kukungalingani kwesitofu kunye nokuthandabuza kwesitofu sokugonya. Kumba wokungalingani kwesitofu sokugonya, sibongoza amazwe atyebileyo ukuba athathe uxanduva olukhulu lokwabelana ngesitofu sokugonya namazwe amaninzi ahlwempuzekileyo kunye nemimandla esemva.
Oku kubalulekile ekuncedeni la mazwe ukuba afezekise ukhuseleko lwemihlambi kunye nokubuyisela ukuzithemba kwabakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe ukukhuthaza ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo kokhenketho.
Kumba wokuthandabuza kogonyo, ndibongoza bonke abachaphazelekayo kurhulumente nakwicandelo labucala ukuba baphuhlise amaphulo okufundisa uluntu ukuze kuthomalaliswe uloyiko namaxhala kunye nokwazisa bonke abemi ngokubaluleka kogonyo.
Ayinakugxininiswa ngokwaneleyo into yokuba ukuchacha koqoqosho lwase-Afrika kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela abantu abaninzi ngayo abagonywa ngayo. Ukukhuthazwa kwesitofu sokugonya kufuneka ngoku kube yeyona njongo iphambili yabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo kwilizwekazi lonke lase-Afrika.
ISamithi yoBuyiselo loKhenketho iphele ngokutyikitywa kweNairobi Decaration. Ifundeka ngolu hlobo:
