E-WASHINGTON - Isibhakabhaka esixineneyo kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelomoya abadiniweyo bangumxube ombi, ishishini leenqwelomoya kunye nemibutho yabaqhubi beenqwelomoya bayavumelana, kodwa bayasokola malunga nokuba benze ntoni ngalo.
Iinqwelomoya zifuna ukucwangcisa abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ngeenqwelomoya ezirhafiswa kancinci - ukunduluka okumbalwa kunye nokuhla - kodwa ixesha elide, hayi elifutshane, iiyure kwi-cockpit. Imibutho ithi ayizukuvumela iiyure ezongezelelekileyo kwabo baqhubi ngokutshintshiselana ngeeyure ezimbalwa kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya ababhabha kangangesiqingatha seenqwelomoya ezimfutshane ngosuku okanye bahambe ngamaxesha angaqhelekanga.
Le yayiyeyona ndawo iphambili yokuncamathela kwiinzame ezingezinye zemvisiswano kule nyanga inesiqingatha idlulileyo yokuphinda kubhalwe imithetho yexesha lokubhabha apho kumaxesha amaninzi abantu banesiqingatha senkulungwane ubudala kwaye bazisa iziphumo zamva nje zenzululwazi malunga nokudinwa. Ikomiti yeengcebiso malunga nokudinwa komqhubi kulindeleke ukuba inikezele iingcebiso zayo kwi-Federal Aviation Administration ngasekupheleni kukaLwesibini.
Amalungu ekomiti athi i-FAA ibacele ukuba bangenzi iingcebiso zabo esidlangalaleni.
Exhalabele ukuba kungenzeka ukuba ukukhathala komqhubi kube negalelo kwiingozi ezibulalayo, amanye amalungu eCongress aye afuna utshintsho.
Kusenokubakho iiseti ezithathu zeengcebiso. Abasebenzi, iinqwelomoya zabakhweli kunye nabathwali bempahla bonke banoluhlu lwabo, abathathi-nxaxheba bathi.
“Kuza kuphuma umculo ongaphezulu kwesinye,” utshilo uRuss Leighton, umalathisi wezokhuseleko kwinqwelomoya kwi-International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Kuya kuba kwi-FAA ukubhala ingoma yokugqibela, utshilo.
Nangona iFederal Aviation Administrator uRandy Babbitt ethembise ukudlula ezo ngcebiso ngokukhawuleza kwaye aziguqule zibe sisindululo esisemthethweni yi-FAA, inkqubo iya kuthatha iinyanga ukuba igqitywe.
Imithetho yangoku ithi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokucwangciswa ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-16 besemsebenzini kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezisibhozo zelona xesha lokubhabha ngosuku, kunye nobuncinci beeyure ezisibhozo phakathi. Imithetho ayithatheli ngqalelo into yokuba mhlawumbi idinina ngakumbi kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya zengingqi ukubhabha imilenze emifutshane emihlanu okanye emithandathu kwiiyure ezisixhenxe kunokuba injalo kumqhubi wenqwelomoya onenqwelomoya enkulu ukuba abhabhe iiyure ezisibhozo ukuwela iAtlantiki ukuya eYurophu enomnye kuphela. ukunduluka kunye nokuhla.
Ukufumana iindlela zokuthintela ukudinwa komqhubi wenqwelomoya kuthintele abalawuli bomdibaniso kunye neshishini leenqwelomoya amashumi eminyaka. IBhodi yeSizwe yoKhuseleko lwezoThutho iye yacebisa ukususela ngowe-1990 ukuba imithetho yokuba zingaphi iiyure abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanokucwangciswa ukuba basebenze ihlaziywe ukuze ibonise uphando lwale mihla kwaye ithathele ingqalelo amaxesha okuqalisa kwangethuba kunye nokunduluka rhoqo nokuhla.
USihlalo we-NTSB uDeborah Hersman uthe khange alindele ukuba izindululo zangoLwesibini zijongane nazo zonke iingxaki kodwa unethemba lokuba ziyakwenza isiseko. “Kufuneka wakhe yonke enye indlu ukuyijikeleza,” watsho.
UBill Voss, umongameli we-Flight Safety Foundation yokucinga itanki e-Alexandria, eVa., Uthe ngoku kukho uphando olwaneleyo lokuphendula imibuzo emininzi eyayihlala igcina ulawulo lweenqwelo moya kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelomoya kumacala ahlukeneyo engxoxo, kunye nabaqhubi abafuna izithintelo ezingqongqo kunye. iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zifuna ukusebenza kakuhle.
Olunye utshintsho olunokuba nengqondo luvumela iinqwelomoya ezibuyela umva ukusuka kolunye unxweme lwase-US ukuya kolunye, utshilo. Imithetho yokudinwa ngoku iyayithintela iinqwelomoya ezinje, kodwa umqhubi wenqwelomoya unokungadinwa kangako xa ebhabha esuka eLos Angeles ukuya eNew York abuye ngosuku olunye kunokuba ayenze emva kweeyure nje ezimbalwa zokulala, utshilo uVoss.
Oko kunokwenzeka kuphakanyiswe ngabameli beenqwelo-moya kwiintlanganiso zekomiti yokudinwa, abathathi-nxaxheba bathi.
"Sicinga ukuba wonke umntu uyaqonda ukuba asikho isisombululo esilinganayo," utshilo uDavid Castelveter, isithethi soMbutho wezoThutho loMoya.
Amanye amalungu eCongress awayithembi i-FAA ukuba ekugqibeleni ifikelele kwingxaki. Umthetho oyilwayo oqwalaselwayo kwiNdlu unokunyanzela isandla se-arhente. Kananjalo kuya kufuna ukuba iinqwelomoya zisebenzise iinkqubo zolawulo lomngcipheko wokudinwa - iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokucwangcisa ezilumkisa inkampani kwiingxaki ezinokubakho.
Emva kokuba iKomiti yezoThutho yeNdlu kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso ivume umthetho oyilwayo kwinyanga ephelileyo, uSihlalo uJames Oberstar uqhube uluhlu lwengozi yenqwelomoya kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
"Intambo eqhelekileyo ehamba kuyo yonke into kukudinwa," utshilo u-Oberstar, uD-Minn. "Sinamava amaninzi abasebenzi beenqwelomoya, abasebenzi bekhabhinethi, abathi kwiimeko zikaxakeka babendindisholo kangangokuba babengakwazi ukuphendula ngoko nangoko kwintlekele ekhoyo."
ULinda Zimmerman, umfundisi-ntsapho osele esidla umhlala phantsi e-Ohio, udade wabo wasweleka kwingozi yenqwelomoya yengingqi ka-2004 eKirksville, Mo., uthe isantya sempendulo karhulumente simdanisile.
“Baninzi abantu abaswelekileyo kwaye akukho nto bayenzileyo ngayo,” utshilo.
I-Corporate Airlines Flight 5966 yayilungiselela ukuhlala nge-19 Oct., 2004, xa i-twin-injini ye-turboprop yantlitheka emithini. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kunye nabakhweli abali-11 babulawa. Abakhweli ababini abonzakeleyo basinda ngokutsiba kwinqwelo-moya imizuzu ngaphambi kokuba igqunywe ngamadangatye.
I-NTSB ithe abaqhubi beenqwelomoya basilele ukuqaphela ukuba inqwelomoya yabo yehle ngokukhawuleza kuba abalandelanga migaqo kwaye babandakanyeka kwintlondi engekhoyo ye-cockpit. Kodwa ibhodi ikwathi ukapteni kunye negosa lokuqala mhlawumbi babediniwe - babegqibezela inqwelomoya yabo yesithandathu yosuku, bebesemsebenzini ngaphezulu kweeyure ezili-14 kwaye babhabhe iihambo ezintathu kusuku olungaphambili.
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukudinwa kunokwenza umqhubi wenqwelo-moya acinge ngendlela efanayo notywala. Akuqhelekanga ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abadiniweyo bagxile kwincoko okanye kumsebenzi omnye baze baphoswe zezinye izinto ezenzekayo malunga nabo, kuquka ulwazi olubalulekileyo lwenqwelomoya. Kwiimeko ezimbalwa, baye balala nje.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, ezimbini ziyahamba! Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya baphume kangangemizuzu eli-18 ngenqwelomoya yasekuseni isuka eHonolulu isiya eHilo, eHawaii, njengoko inqwelomoya yabo yayiqhubeka nokudlula apho ibisiya khona isiya elwandle. Abalawuli beenqwelo-moya ekugqibeleni bakwazi ukuphakamisa abaqhubi, abajika inqwelomoya nabakhweli bayo abangama-40 baza bayimisa ngokukhuselekileyo. Inkampani yeenqwelomoya iphantsi kweMesa Airlines.
I-NTSB ithe nangona abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bebengasebenzi ixesha elide ngolo suku, badinwe ngokucacileyo. Bacaphule iishedyuli zomsebenzi wabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya — usuku lwesehlo yayiyeyesithathu ngokuthe ngqo bobabini baqalise ukusebenza ngo-5:40 kusasa — kwaye bathi ukapteni wayenemeko engafunyaniswanga yokungalali ngokwaneleyo.
I-FAA ilawula malunga nokuba zingaphi iiyure umqhubi wenqwelomoya anokuthi abhabhe okanye abe semsebenzini phambi kokuba aphumle ayitshintshanga phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane. Ukuba iinqwelomoya bekufuneka zivumele abasebenzi bazo ukuba baphumle ngakumbi, kuya kufuneka baqeshe abasebenzi abaninzi.
Uphando lwe-NTSB malunga nokuphahlazeka kwe-Continental Connection Flight 3407 ngoFebruwari 12 kufuphi neBuffalo, NY, ebulala i-50, ibonise iiyure ezinde, umvuzo ophantsi kunye nohambo olude olude lwabaqhubi beenqwelomoya zengingqi.
Akukacaci apho umphathi weFlight 3407 walala khona ngobusuku obungaphambi kwengozi, kodwa kubonakala ngathi wazama ukulala kwigumbi labasebenzi besikhululo seenqwelomoya apho inkampani yakhe - umthwali wengingqi iColgan Air Inc. yaseManassas, Va., indiza ye-Continental-zigcine izibane eziqaqambileyo zikhanya ukutyhafisa ukulala ixesha elide. Igosa lokuqala lahamba ngobusuku lisuka kwikhaya lalo kufutshane neSeattle lisiya eNewark, NJ, lisiya eBuffalo.
Ikomiti yokudinwa iwubeke ecaleni umbuzo wokuba ngaba olohambo lomgama omde - ilungelo elixabisekileyo labasebenzi benqwelomoya - linegalelo ekudinweni kwaye kufuneka libekelwe imiqathango.
“Omabini amacala avumelene ukuba luxanduva lomqhubi wenqwelomoya oqeqeshiweyo ukuba azibonakalise elungele umsebenzi kwaye aphumle kwaye ekulungele ukubhabha,” utshilo uLeighton.
