Umkhenkethi wabafundi urhaxwa eCosta Rica

Kwinqaku lomthetho wezohambo kule veki, sivavanya ityala likaThkurkurdeen v. IYunivesithi yaseDuke, uNombolo 1: 16CV1108 (MDNC 2018) apho "Abamangali uRoshni Thackurdeen noRaj B. Thackurdeen bafaka inyathelo elikhoyo ngoku, nanjengabanye babaphathi Ilifa lonyana wabo ongasekhoyo. Ngexesha lentwasahlobo yowama-2012, unyana wabo, uRavi Thackurdeen, wasweleka ngexa umfundi ebhalise kwiNkqubo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi kunye nezoLimo lweTropiki… isifundo sekholeji kumazwe aphesheya, eCosta Rica. Nangona kunjalo, ngexa wayefunda iNkqubo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi, waye wabhaliswa eDuke (kwiYunivesithi) nakwi-OTS (Umbutho weZifundo zeTropiki)… Ukuxhasa amabango abo okungahoyi, iThkurkurdeens ityhola ukuba iDuke kunye ne-OTS ziye zasilela ukwenza unonophelo olufanelekileyo kwaye zaphula umsebenzi wazo URavi ngu, phakathi kwezinye izinto: ukuthatha abafundi ePlaya Tortuga, elunxwemeni oludume ngokuqhekeza imisinga, ukusilela ukwenza imibuzo malunga nobungozi kunye neendlela zokhuseleko, ukusilela ukulumkisa abafundi ngobungozi bePlaya Tortuga kunye nokuqubha elwandle, ukusilela ukucela abahlanguli nokusilela ukuhlangula uRavi… Ukungakhathali kwabamangali kunye namabango okusweleka ngokungekho mthethweni athintelwe ngenxa yokurhoxa ngokusemthethweni kunye nezivumelwano zokukhululwa. Ukonyusa ngabom uxinzelelo lweemvakalelo ngokuchasene neDuke kunye ne-OTS zihlala ”. Thelekisa enye intywilisela eyothusayo ngexesha leekholeji ezinxulumene nokubukela iintaka eCosta Rica [Mayer v. IYunivesithi yaseCornell, 107 F. wakhanyela u-3 WL 3 (Sup. Ct. 2)] kunye neTshayina Tick case [Munn v. Isikolo saseHotchkiss, 1997 A. 1997d 336602 (Conn. Sup. 1997) kunye neMunn v. Isikolo saseHotchkiss, uNombolo 166-3 -cv (1167d Cir. EyoMdumba 2017, 14) eza kuxoxwa kwinqaku lomthetho wezohambo kule veki izayo]

Ukuhlaziywa kweethagethi zohlaselo

ETripoli, eLibya

Kwiinjongo zokuhlasela ngokuzibulala IKhomishini yoNyulo eLibya, amaxesha (5/2/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “oonogada bahlasela ikhomishini yonyulo yaseLibya kwikomkhulu, iTripoli, ngolwe-Lwesithathu, betshiza iimbumbulu emva koko baqhushumbisa iziqhushumbisi kuhlaselo lokuzibulala olwathi lwabulala abantu abaninzi. . 'Badubule ngoompu babo, batshisa isakhiwo phambi kokuba bazivuthele', utshilo u-Khalid Omar, osisithethi sekhomishini yonyulo, obone olu hlaselo. Umnumzana uOmar uthe uyabazi abantu abathandathu asebenza nabo ababuleweyo, kodwa wongeza wathi intloko yekhomishini imxelele ukuba bali-10 ababhubhileyo.

IBaghdad, Iraq

E-Iraq: Abafazi abayi-19 baseRussia banike isigwebo sobomi ngokujoyina i-ISIL, i-travelwirenews (4/29/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "okoko yabhengeza uloyiso kwi-ISIL, iBaghdad ibambe ngaphezulu kwabasetyhini abangama-560 kunye nabantwana abangama-600 abachongwe njengamalungu okanye izihlobo… Inkundla eBaghdad ugwebe abafazi baseRussia abali-19 ubomi babo bonke entolongweni ngokujoyina i-Islamic State of Iraq kunye neLevant (ISIL) abalwa elizweni ”.

IMubi, eNigeria

EBlast ibulala ubuncinci i-24 kumantla mpuma eNigeria: amapolisa, ii-travelwirenews (5/1/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "ubuncinci abantu abangama-24 babulewe kuhlaselo lokuzibulala oluphindwe kabini kwimosque nakwimarike emantla mpuma eNigeria ... Amashumi amabini enzakala kuqhushumbe olwenzeka edolophini yaseMubi… ibhombu yokuzibulala yaqhushumba kwisiqhushumbisi malunga neyoku-1 emva kwemini… kwaza enye ibhombu yaqhushumba isixhobo esiziimitha ezingama-200 xa abakhonzi bebaleka ”.

EMantla eHaven, eConnecticut

E-Astor, Ukuqhuma ngexesha lokuma kwamapolisa e-Connecticut Kwenzakalisa amaGosa aliqela, ngo-5/2/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Amapolisa aliqela enzakele kuqhushumbo olukhulu lwangoLwesithathu ngokuhlwa ngexesha lokumelana nomrhanelwa owayethintelwe eMantla Haven, eConn. , utshilo amagosa. Uqhushumbo… lwalunamandla kangangokuba abahlali ukuya kuthi ga kwindlela yemayile bathi amakhaya abo ashukuma. Ipropathi apho yenzeke khona yagqamuka amadangatye kwaye ibisavutha ngaphezulu kweeyure ezine kamva, igcwalisa ubumelwane ngomsi ”.

Ukuqhutywa kweenkunzi zeNkunzi

Kumashumi amawaka abetha izitrato zasePomplona bekhalazela ukufunyanwa ngokudlwengulwa, i-travelwirenews (4/29/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Amashumi amawaka abantu abetha izitrato zedolophu yaseSpain iPomplona bekhalazela ukugwetywa kwamadoda amahlanu atyholwa ukudlwengula ibhinqa elineminyaka eli-18 ubudala kumnyhadala wale dolophu 'Wokubaleka kweenkunzi zeenkomo'. Abatyholwa, abavela kwisixeko saseSeville, baneminyaka engama-27 ukuya kwengama-29 ubudala, kwaye batyholwa ngokudlwengula ixhoba ekungeneni kwendlu yakhe ngoJulayi 7, 2016. Ngaphandle kokufota esi sehlo ngee-smartphones zabo kwaye kamva beqhayisa ngaso KuWhatsApp, zange babekwe tyala lokudlwengula kuba umthetho waseSpain ufuna ukuba kubekho ubungqina bobundlobongela okanye ukoyikisa ukuba ubungqina bokudlwengula bungqinwe.

Nceda uphephe iiNqwelomoya zase Mzantsi-ntshona, nceda

Kwiiveki nje ezimbini emva kwengozi eyoyikisayo kwinqwelomoya ye-Southwest Airlines [jonga e-Healy & Hauser, Ngaphakathi ku-Southwest Flight 1380, 20 Minutes of Chaos and Terror, nytimes (4/18/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “'Yesu Othandekayo, thumela iingelosi '. Abakhweli babenoloyiko lokuba bayakufa xa injini yayiqhuma, befaka inqwelomoya kumawakawaka eenyawo ngomzuzu. Amashumi amawaka eenyawo ngaphezulu komhlaba, abakhweli badibanisa izandla nabantu abangabaziyo, bathandaza kunye kwaye bakulungele ukusweleka… Ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, injini yasekhohlo yenqwelomoya yaqhuma emva kokuba enye yeefeni zayo zaqhekeka. Kwaqhushumba isitshixo esiphuma ngefestile, ngokuyinxenye sifunxa umgibeli omnye kumqolo we-14 oyintloko ukuya esibhakabhakeni ”] enye ingozi eyenzakeleyo eyenzekileyo [jonga iWichter, kwiPlani yoMzantsi-ntshona unyanzelwe ukuba uqhubeke emva kweCabin Window Breaks in Air, nytimes (5/2/2018 ) ("Inqwelomoya ye-Southwest Airlines yanyanzelwa ukuba iphambukise kunye nomhlaba ngaphambi kokufika kwindawo ebimiselwe kuyo ngolwesiThathu emva kokuba ifestile kwenye yeefestile zekhabin yonakele xa ibhabha").

Imali eyimfihlo, nabani na?

Kwi-Sablich, Ukusuka kwiHopper, ukuHanjiswa kweeNdiza eziKhethekileyo eziThunyelwe ngqo kwiifowuni, amaxesha (5/2/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “iHopper, uqikelelo lwenqwelomoya kunye nenkqubo yokubhukisha, yazise into ethi iza kubonelela abahambi ngeentlawulo zenqwelo moya abaziphumeleleyo. Abayi kuba nakho ukufumana nakweyiphi na indawo yokubhukisha, ethunyelwe kwiifowuni zabo. Ngelixa izaziso zokutyhala zibe sisixhobo esiphambili kwiiarhente ezininzi zokubhukisha uhambo, uHopper uthi lelona qonga liphambili lokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ukubonelela ngezi ntlobo zemilinganiselo ekhethekileyo, ekubiza ngokuba yimali yokuHlawula ngokufihlakeleyo.

Amandla amakhulu othuli eIndiya

Kwisivunguvungu sothuli olukhulu lwaseIndiya sibulala ngaphezulu kwama-70, senzakalisa amanqaku angaphezulu, i-travelwirenews (5/3/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Isitshingitshane esinamandla sothuli kumantla e-India sibulale abantu abangaphezu kwama-70 kwaye senzakalisa ngaphezulu kwe-140 abanye ngoLwesithathu. Uninzi lwabo lubhubhe belele ebuthongweni ngexa isaqhwithi sitshona emakhaya abo ... e-Utlar Pradesh naseRajasthan ”.

IPakistan ishushu kakhulu, ewe

EPakistan ibeka irekhodi lobushushu behlabathi ngo-Epreli, i-travelwirenews (5/3/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "Ubushushu berekhodi yomhlaba ka-Epreli busetelwe kwisixeko saseNawabshah, ePakistan. Ubuninzi be-50.2 degrees Celsius (122.2 degrees Fahrenheit) buchazwe ngoMvulo ”.

Dlulisa iRomaine Lettuce, nceda

E-Astor, u-E. Coli uqhambuka ujika ubulale umntu ngecala elibulalayo eCalifornia, nytimes (5/2/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Ukuqhambuka kwe-E. Coli okunxulunyaniswa nelethisi yamaRoma kujike kwabulala, umntu omnye esweleka eCalifornia. Amaziko oLawulo lweZifo noThintelo athe ngoLwesithathu. Kwakungokokuqala ukubhubha okuchazekileyo, okwaqala ngeyoKwindla kwaye kwasasazeka kumazwe angama-25… I-CDC irekhode amatyala ayi-121 kwilizwe liphela kuquka nama-52 akhokelela kulaliswa esibhedlele ”.

Imibhiyozo esithoba yaseYurophu

Bhiyozela! Iminyhadala ye-9 yase-Yuropu efanele ukuHanjelwa, amaxesha (4/30/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “iJasmine eFrance, iitruffles e-Itali, imincili yamaxesha aphakathi eJamani: Ngaphandle komculo owaziwayo waseYurophu kunye neminyhadala yoncwadi, kukho imibhiyozo emikhulu, ukusukela ukusuka kwesiqhelo ukuya kwisigqibo esigqibeleleyo. Ababhali bethu babelana ngezinto abazithandayo ”. (1) Ihlobo lasehlotyeni eStockholm nangaphaya, (2) Umnyhadala weJasmine eGrasse, eFrance, (3) eLa Tomatina eBunol, eSpain, (4) kuMthendeleko-wamaxesha aphakathi eSelb, eJamani, (5) Umnyhadala wePhenyane ePortsoy, eScotland, (6) Umnyhadala woMtshato eGalicnik, eMakedoni, (7) Umnyhadala weBhiya ePilsen, kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseCzech, (8) iwayini, iWhisy kunye neNgoma eMontmarte, eParis, eFrance kunye (9) noMthendeleko weWhite Truffle, eAlba, e-Itali.

Amakhalane kunye neeMosquitos maziphathe, nceda

EMcNeil, Tick and Mosquito Infections Spreading Rapidly, CDC Finds, nytimes (5/1/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Farewell, iintsuku ezingakhathaliyo zehlobo. Inani labantu abafumana izifo ezosasazwa yingcongconi, amakhalane kunye neentakumba ziliphindaphinde kathathu e-United States kule minyaka idlulileyo… Ukususela ngo-2004, izifo ezilithoba ezilolo hlobo ziye zafunyanwa okanye zisandula ukwaziswa apha… Izifo ezitsha ezibangwa ngamakhalane ezinjenge-Heartland virus ziyabonakalisa. phezulu kwilizwekazi laseMelika, nanjengoko isifo seLyme kunye nolunye usulelo olusekiweyo lukhula. Kwimihlaba yesiqithi esifana nePuerto Rico, isoyikiso ziingcongconi ezithwala iintsholongwane ezinjenge-dengue kunye neZika ”.

IiRedskins eziPhezulu eziHlangayo, Ngaba ukhona?

E-Macur, iRedskins Cheerleaders Chaza iiFoto eziPhezulu ezingashukumiyo kunye neUneasy Night Out, ii-nytimes (5/2/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Xa iWashington Redskins yathatha iqela labo lokuya eCosta Rica ngo-2013 ukuya kuthathwa ifoto yekhalenda, unobangela wokuqala inkxalabo phakathi kwabavuyisiyo yeza xa amagosa eRedskins aqokelela iipaspoti zabo ekufikeni kwabo ... Indawo yokufota, kwindawo yokuhlala yabantu abadala kuphela e-Occidental Grand Papagayo e-Culebra Bay, abanye babahlali be-cheerleader bathi kufuneka bangabinanto, nangona Iifoto ezisetyenziswe kwikhalenda azibonisi ubunqunu. Abanye babenganxibi kwanto ngaphandle kwepeyinti yomzimba… iiRedskins zazimeme ababukeli. Ukuxhaswa kwabaxhasi kunye ne-FedExField abanikazi be-suite-onke amadoda-anikwe ukufikelela okufutshane kwiifoto. Ngenye ingokuhlwa… umlawuli weqela uxelele abantu abathandathu kwabangama-36 abavuyisayo ukuba umsebenzi wabo awukenziwa. Babenesabelo esikhethekileyo ebusuku. Abanye babaxhasi abangamadoda babebakhetha ukuba babe ngabakhaphi kwi-nightclub ”.

Iminenga eyiHumpback, Wamkelekile kwakhona

E-Weintraub, i-Humpback Whale Baby Boom kufutshane ne-Antarctica, nytimes (5/1/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Kwinqaku leendaba ezinqabileyo zeminenga, iimpungutye ezihlala kwaye zizalele kulwandle olusemazantsi kufutshane neAntarctica zibonakala zibuya , kunye nabantu ababhinqileyo kule minyaka idlulileyo inezinga eliphezulu lokukhulelwa kunye nokuzala amathole amaninzi. Iminenga eyi-humpback yaphantse yazingelwa yaphela ingabikho ngasekupheleni kwe-19 kwaye uninzi lwenkulungwane yama-20 de kwasayinwa izivumelwano zokuyinqanda kwaye kwabekwa ukhuselo kwilizwe elibandayo nelifikelelekayo kwilizwekazi lehlabathi ”. IBravo.

Akusayi kubakho mithana yeplastiki, nceda

E-Graham, kuvalwa i-Plastic Straws. Kodwa ngaba ishishini lokuHamba lenza ngokwaneleyo? (5/1/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “I-United States ihamba ngaphezulu kwe-500 yezigidi zeeplastiki zemihla ngemihla, ngokwe-Eco-Cycle… Baqhela nje imizuzu embalwa, kodwa zinokuhlala kangangamakhulu eminyaka elwandle, kwaye ziphakathi kwezona zilishumi zingcolisayo eziqokelelweyo ngexesha lokucocwa elwandle… iinkampani zokuhamba ngeenqanawa ezifana neP & O, Cunard kunye neRoyal Caribbean zibhengeze umda kwizitroyi zeplastiki… ngeli xesha iCarnival iyayeka ukubeka iindiza kwiiglasi ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa ayizukubathintela ngokuthe ngqo. Iinqwelo-moya ziye zonqena ukwenza utshintsho, kodwa, i-Fiji Airways kunye ne-Thai Airways bobabini bathembise ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenzisa iplastiki enye kwiibhodi zabo ze-10, ngelixa i-Ryanair ijolise ekubeni 'ngeplastiki yasimahla' ngo-2018 ″.

UKhenketho lokuzibulala eSwitzerland

Kukhenketho lokuzibulala yingxaki enkulu yabantu baseSwitzerland, i-travelwirenews (4/29/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "iDignitas incede abantu abali-138 ukuba bazibulale kunyaka ophelileyo, isithathu ngaphezulu kunango-2004, ngokwewebhusayithi yayo. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zivela ngaphandle kweSwitzerland, ubukhulu becala iJamani. Ukuzibulala kwenzeka phantse yonke imihla, ngoLwesibini ukuya kuLwesihlanu '…' uLwesihlanu lusuku olukhawulezileyo. Kuyothusa '. Abenzi bomthetho baseSwitzerland baphendula ngokucebisa ngokwandisa ukongamela amaqela anceda abantu ukuba bazibulale. Izinga lokuzibulala kwabantu abathetha isiJamani eSwitzerland lelona liphezulu kwiindawo ezine elizivumelayo, ngokophando olwenziwe ngonyaka ka-2003 ”.

Kwindoda eneminyaka eyi-104 iceba ukuya eSwitzerland kuncedo lokuzibulala, i-travelwirenews (5/1/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "Indoda eneminyaka eli-104 ubudala yaseOstreliya yathi izakuya eSwitzerland ngenjongo yokuphelisa ubomi bayo. UDavid Goodall, isazinzulu, uceba ukuya eBasel ngenjongo yokunceda ukuzibulala kwasekuqaleni kukaCanzibe, ngokwe-Exit International, iqela elikhuthaza ukhetho lokuphela kobomi ”.

Ukunyuka kwamaHide eHawaii

Ukunyuka kwamaza eHawaii: Imozulu yaseburhulumenteni ishukumisela isenzo, ii-travelwirenews (5/2/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “iHawaii ifumana ulwandle olugqithisileyo kakhulu kwaye ibhala amanqanaba aphezulu ezikhukhula, unxweme olugungxulileyo, ukomelela kwekorale kunye nemimandla esongelayo namahlathi emveli… Ingxelo yamva nje 'yeLwandle lwaseHawaii yokuPhakama kokuKhubazeka kunye neNgxelo yokuLungiswa' kwiKhomishini kaRhulumente yeMozulu kufuneka ifundwe kuye wonke umntu ohlala kummandla wonxweme… Ibandakanya iimephu zokungenisa amanzi kwisiqithi ngasinye ngokuqikelelwa kukuphakama kwe-3.2 yeenyawo zokuphakama kolwandle ekupheleni yenkulungwane ”.

INkqubo ye-Airlines eNtsha yeZilwanyana eziKhuselekileyo

Kwi-United Airlines: Ukwenza uhambo lukhuseleke kwizilwanyana, i-travelwirenews (5/1/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "I-United Airlines namhlanje ibhengeze ukuba izakusebenzisana ne-American Humane, umbutho wokuqala wezilwanyana kwilizwe, ukuphucula impilo zonke izilwanyana ezihamba eUnited. I-American Humane isebenze ukuphucula ukhuseleko, intlalontle kunye nokuphila kwezilwanyana zehlabathi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-140. I-United ikwazise ukuba izakuqala kwakhona ukusebenza kwePetSafe, inkqubo yokuphatha iikati nezinja ezihamba kwigumbi lomthwalo, kamva ehlotyeni ”.

Imithetho eNtsha yeSiphepho kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iJFK

EMcGheehan, Emva Kwesiphithiphithi, iPort Authority iseta iMithetho yeSaqhwithi sePlani eya eKennedy, nytimes (4/30/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Iinqwelomoya ziya kuthintelwa ukuthumela iinqwelomoya kwisikhululo senqwelomoya saseKennedy ngexesha lezaqhwithi zasebusika, njengaleyo ibangele isiphithiphithi apho ngoJanuwari, ngaphandle kokuba bafumene isiqinisekiso sokuba amasango azakufumaneka xa kumiswa. Olu tshintsho lelinye lamagunya ePort Authority aseNew York naseNew Jersey aceba ukubhengeza uMvulo ukuthintela ukuphindaphindeka kwendlela yokuhamba kweenqwelo-moya eyashiya amakhulu abahambi bexakeke ziinqwelomoya iiyure ezininzi kwimpelaveki yokuqala yowama-2018. kufuna ulawulo olungcono lwemithwalo eKennedy emva kokuba abanye abahambi bengazibuyisanga iingxowa zabo kangangeentsuku ezininzi kulandela isaqhwithi, esibizwa ngokuba 'yibhombu yenkanyamba' ziingcali zemozulu, ezaphosela ikhephu eQueens ".

Izixhobo zokuhamba ngeKhadi letyala

EMajeski, i-14 yeeKhadi zokuthenga ngetyala Izinto ongenakukwazi ukuzijonga, i-moneytalksnews (4/26/2018) kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Akuyomfihlo ukuba amabhaso okuthenga ngetyala anika ithuba lokufumana isixa semali ezinkozo kunye nezinye izinto zesisa. Nangona kunjalo, amakhadi emivuzo yokuhamba akunika izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo ezingakubizi mali kodwa ezinokuxabisa inyanda xa usendleleni… Nazi izibonelelo zohambo ezili-14 onokungaqondi ukuba zisimahla ngamakhadi athile etyala ”. Imixholo ibandakanya iiNkonzo zeConcierge, uKhuselo lwamaxabiso, i-Inshurensi yokuQasha iMoto, ukufikelela kwiklabhu yaseLounge, izaphulelo zokuthengwa kwenqwelomoya, iibhegi ezihloliweyo, Ukubuyiselwa kwempahla elahlekileyo, i-inshurensi yengozi yokuhamba, i-inshurensi yokurhoxiswa kohambo, iikhredithi zomrhumo wenqwelomoya, ukungena kweGlobal okanye iTSA PreChek ngetyala kunye noncedo olungxamisekileyo, ukunceda ecaleni kwendlela kunye nembuyekezo yokulibaziseka kohambo.

Ukuhamba njengeRock Star

E-Glusac, Jonga iiMboniso kuMazantsi-ntshona kunye neCalifornia NjengeRock Star, amaxesha (4/30/2018) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Inkampani entsha yokuhamba ifuna ukukusa kwihambo yakho elandelayo yangaphandle kwibhasi yokhenketho epakishwe ngeholide- Ukuthuthuzelwa kwesitayile kunye nezixhobo zeenkwenkwezi. Uhlobo lweebhasi ezikhohlisiweyo ezinxulunyaniswa nohambo lweenkwenkwezi zerock ziya kuqhuba uhlobo olutsha lohambo lwendlela ngokusungulwa kwale nkampani yohambo iRoadies. Iibhasi zeebhasi ezindleleni, ezizele ziindawo zokulala, ii-lounges, ii-TV-screen-screen kunye neeshawa, ziya kuthutha ziye kubakhenkethi abali-11 kuhambo lweentsuku ezisixhenxe phakathi kweSan Diego neLas Vegas ngeLos Angeles, ePalm Springs, kwiJoshua Tree National Park naseGrand. Canyon ”.

Ityala lomthetho wokuhamba ngeveki

Kwityala lase Thackurdeen iNkundla iqaphele ukuba “Iziganeko ezibangele ukubhubha kukaRavi zenzeke ekupheleni kwesimesta sezeMpilo seHlabathi. Ngo-Epreli 29, 2012, abafundi bathathwa baya kuhambo 'lokubhiyoza' baya elwandle ePlaya Tortuga, Costa Rica. Ngokwesikhalazo, iilwandle zaseCosta Rican zigcwele 'imisinga yokubulala ebulalayo' kwaye iPlaya Tortuga yaziwa ngokuba 'yimisinga eyomeleleyo eyingozi kwaye… ukudada [apho] kwakungacetyiswa'. Ukongeza, njengonxweme olukhulu lwaseCosta Rican, akukho bahlanguli elunxwemeni. Ngaphandle koDuke (iYunivesithi) kunye ne-OTS (Umbutho weZifundo zeTropiki) bethatha abafundi bezeMpilo kwiPlaya Tortuga kwiminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokubhubha kukaRavi, abafundi kuhambo lukaRavi khange babenalo ulwazi lohambo lwaselwandle kwaye bekungekho naphina kwinkqubo ishedyuli. Ngapha koko, abafundi 'baxelelwa ukuba kukhuselekile ukudada' kwaye bayalelwa ukuba 'badade ngokulinganayo elunxwemeni' ukuba babanjwe kumjelo wokungqisha. URavi kunye nomnye umfundi baqubha kodwa babanjwa kumjelo wokuqhekeka kwaye bakhutshelwa elwandle. Umntu ofunda naye wasindiswa, kodwa uRavi watsalwa ngaphezulu kweeyadi ezingama-300 elunxwemeni ngumsinga wamanzi, kwaye, emva kokunyathela amanzi imizuzu engamashumi amathathu, warhaxwa ”.

Isikhalazo

"AbakwaThkurkurdeens bafaka isimangalo esinyanzela amabango amathathu ngokuchasene noDuke kunye ne-OTS: (1) ukungakhathali, (2) ukufa okungafanelekanga okusekwe kukungakhathali kunye (3) nokwenziwa ngabom koxinzelelo lweemvakalelo (kunye nokuqinisekisa) ukuba uDuke kunye ne-OTS basilele ukusebenzisa ingqiqo. ityala kunye nokwaphula umsebenzi wabo kuRavi ngokuthi, phakathi kwezinye izinto: bathathe abafundi baye ePlaya Tortuga, elunxwemeni elidume ngokuqhekeza imisinga, ukusilela ukubuza malunga nobungozi nokhuseleko amanyathelo, ukusilela ukulumkisa abafundi ngobungozi bePlaya Tortuga kunye nokuqubha elwandle, ukusilela ukucela abahlanguli nokusilela ukuhlangula uRavi ”.

Ukuyekiswa kunye nokuKhutshwa

"UDuke no-OTS ngokulandelayo baphikisa ngelithi amabango abakwaThkurkurdeens ngokungakhathali kunye nokufa ngokungekho mthethweni ayekiswa ngokwesivumelwano kwaye akhululwa nguRavi kunye notata wakhe phambi kokuba ashiye iNkqubo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi. Xa uRavi wamkelwa kwiNkqubo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi, yena notata wakhe batyikitya 'iStatement of Authorization and Consent for Duke (' Duke waiver ') [' Siyavuma ukuba xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iDuke University ixhasa lo msebenzi kwaye ivumela umfundi ukuba athathe inxaxheba. , asizukuzama ukubamba iYunivesithi yaseDuke… inoxanduva lokonzakalisa nakuphi na ukwenzakala… umfundi angaqhubeka ngelixa ethatha inxaxheba kwaye ke sikhulula iYunivesithi yaseDuke… kulo naluphi na uxanduva nakuluphi na ukonzakala komntu… '] kwaye u-OT

IsiVumelwano sokuThatha inxaxheba-eCosta Rica '(' ukuyekisa i-OTS ') [' Ukubuyisela i (OTS) kunye neDuke University indivumela ukuba ndithathe inxaxheba kulo msebenzi… A. Ngokwenjenje ndiyakhulula, nditshangatshangise, ndikhuphe umnqophiso wokungamangaleli (i-OTS)… ngalo naliphi na ityala, ibango kunye / okanye isizathu sentshukumo… enokuthi ixhaswe ndim… eyenzeka ngenxa yokuhamba kwam ukuya nokubuya nokuthatha inxaxheba koku umsebenzi… Yinjongo yam ecacileyo ukuba oku kukhululwa… kuya kubopha amalungu osapho lwam… ndiza kuthatha umngcipheko wokwenzakala kunye nomngcipheko kumngcipheko nakwimonakalo ehambelana nawo nawuphi na umsebenzi ... I-Thackurdeens ngamabango abo awanqandwanga ziimfundiso. Ukurhoxiswa kunye nokukhululwa ngenxa yokuba (1) amabango omntu otyesheleyo ngokungathandabuzekiyo akanako ukukhutshwa phantsi komthetho waseNorth Carolina, (2) amabango awela ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kwaye (3) ukukhutshwa kukophula umdla woluntu kwaye kungoko kunganyanzeleki. .

Akukho kuKhathalela

“Ukuziphatha okutyholwa kwibango lokungakhathali kunye nokubanga okungalunganga kokufa akuphakami kwinqanaba lokungakhathali okukhulu phantsi komthetho waseNorth Carolina. Ngaphandle kwezityholo zokuba iiDukes kunye ne-OTS's isenzo kunye nokushiywa kwazo… kukungakhathali okukhulu, ngolunya, inkohliso kunye / okanye ukungakhathali… I-Thackurdeens ziye zasilela ukutyhola nasiphi na isenzo esithile esenziwe 'ngabom' ngokungakhathaleli ukuqonda ukhuseleko lwabanye… Isikhalazo sifunda Ubuninzi 'bokungaphumeleli' kwicala likaDuke kunye ne-OTS ... Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa ezi zityholo zingathetha kwinqanaba okanye ubukhulu bokungakhathali, [ayizizo izityholo zokuba uDuke okanye i-OTS isebenze nemeko yengqondo efunekayo ukuxhasa ibango Ukungakhathali okukhulu ”.

Ubungakanani beeNqanawa

“AbaseThacurdeens baphikisa ngelithi, [t] ukumangala kwakhe elunxwemeni yayiklasi eqhelekileyo, intetho ehleliweyo okanye uhambo oluya ebaleni olwalulungelelene namava emfundo. Ke, olu hambo lwaselunxwemeni aluweli ngaphakathi 'kwenkqubo' kwaye [ukurhoxisa] akuwakhuphi amabango asemthethweni avela apho ... Nangona kunjalo ... Ukurhoxiswa kweDuke akubandakanyi imihla yokuqala okanye yokuphela yeNkqubo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi, kodwa Ayibandakanyi ukuba ibandakanya iNkqubo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi… Intsingiselo eqhelekileyo 'yenkqubo' kwimeko yokurhoxa kukaDuke kubandakanya konke kwiNkqubo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi. Icinga ngeNkqubo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi xa iyonke, inkqubo yeesemester. Ukuvavanya izityholo kwisikhalazo ngokudibeneyo nolwimi lwe-Duke waiver, uhambo lwaselunxwemeni lwalungaphakathi komsetyenzana ocingelwa ukurhoxisa… Kuyafana nokurhoxa kwe-OTS (okubandakanya ukubonelela ngokukhupha i-OTS yamatyala 'eyenzeka njenge Iziphumo… zokuya nokubuya nokuthabatha inxaxheba kulo msebenzi '”.

Akukho lwaphulo-mthetho luLuntu

“AbaseThkurkurdeens bathi umba woluntu ngaphandle kwemvume yokusebenza iyasebenza kule meko… Umsebenzi uwela kumdla woluntu xa umsebenzi ulawulwa kakhulu ukukhusela uluntu engozini, kwaye oko kungaphula umthetho woluntu. vumela abo benza into enjalo ukuba 'bazikhulule kuxanduva lokusebenzisa ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo'. Iinkundla zaseNorth Carolina zifumene ukusebenza kokuqhomfa, iinkonzo zeenwele ezenziwa sisikolo se-cosmetology kunye nezifundo zokhuseleko lwezithuthuthu zizinto ezilawulwa kakhulu kwaye ke, oko kubangela umdla omkhulu woluntu ngaphandle ... Inkundla ifumanisa ukuba ukuqubha elwandle ayisiyonto ilawulwa kakhulu njengokuqhuba okanye amayeza abangela umdla ngaphandle koluntu ”.

isiphelo

Amabango 'abaMangali' (1) wokungakhathali kunye (2) nokusweleka ngokugwenxa kuthintelwe nguKhululwa kunye nokuKhululwa. Ukwahlulwa ngabom koxinzelelo lweemvakalelo ezibangelwe bobabini abamangalelwa kuhlala kunjalo.

Umbhali, uThomas A. Dickerson, liLungu leZibheno elidla umhlala-phantsi kwiCandelo leZibheno, kwiSebe lesiBini leNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseNew York kwaye ebhala malunga noMthetho wokuHamba kangangeminyaka engama-42 kubandakanya neencwadi zakhe zomthetho ezihlaziyiweyo minyaka le, uMthetho woKhenketho, iLaw Journal Journal. (2018), Litigating International Tort in US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2018) nangaphezulu kwama-500 amanqaku asemthethweni. Ukufumana iindaba ezongezelelekileyo zomthetho wokuhamba kunye nophuhliso, ngakumbi kumazwe angamalungu e-EU IFTTA.org.

Eli nqaku alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume kaThomas A. Dickerson.

Funda ezininzi ze Amanqaku kaJustice Dickerson apha.