Abanye abahambi bathwala ngaphezu kwemithwalo

Emva kokuba inqwelomoya yakutshanje ifikile eAtlanta, umfazi oneminyaka engama-57 uxelele aboncedo lokuqala ukuba ebephosa kwaye eziva enesithukuthezi. Intsapho yakhe yayihlaselwe yintsholongwane.

"Wonke umntu osapho unale nto," utshilo.

Ngalo naluphi na usuku olunikiweyo, abakhweli abalwa nezifo ezisasazekayo zazo zonke iintlobo badlula kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya i-Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport. Abanye bayagula kangangokuba abezonyango baye babizwe ukuba babancede. Kodwa iinqwelomoya zihlala zibavumela abagibeli abagulayo ukuba babhabhe kwaye kunqabile ukuba bathobele imigaqo efuna ukuba bazise amaZiko oLawulo lweZifo noThintelo lwezifo ezithile.

Ii-Airlines zithe akukho lula ukwazi ukuba ngubani ogulayo nokuba uza kwenza ntoni.

"Abantu abagulayo akufuneki bahambe," utshilo uGqirha Martin Cetron, umlawuli wecandelo le-CDC lokufuduka kwabantu kunye nokuvalelwa bodwa. “Ayikulungelanga nokugula kwakho. Ngokuqinisekileyo ayibalungelanga abo ukhwele nabo. ”

Kodwa abantu abagulayo bayahamba. Ngo-Okthobha nango-Novemba kuphela, oogqirha baphendula ubuncinci kwiingxelo ezingama-75 zabantu kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya bekhalaza ngokugabha, isicaphucaphu, urhudo, umkhuhlane, umqala obuhlungu kunye nokukhohlela. Abanye babeneempawu ezininzi ngaxeshanye, ngokweerekhodi zohlangulo lomlilo eAtlanta.

Omnye umgibeli wayegula ukusukela oko waya eCarlifonia phantse iveki ngaphambili, kodwa wayesendiza eAtlanta, enezigigaba zokugabha kunye norhudo ngaphakathi kwinqwelomoya. Omnye wayegula iiveki ezimbini ngelixa esePeru, ngokunokwenzeka evela kwimalariya, wacinga. Ngaphandle komkhuhlane, wabhabha waya eAtlanta.

Amagosa oshishino lwenqwelomoya athi abasebenzi babo abafundanga. Bazi njani ukuba umntu unefiva, ngaphandle kokuba iphakame kakhulu? Ngaphandle koko, bathi, inqwelo moya ayinakufane isasaze izifo kunayo nayiphi na indawo enabantu abaninzi.

Iinqwelo-moya ziyakukhanyela ukukhwela kubagibeli, nangona kungekho namnye oya kuthi benza kangaphi.

"Ukuba umntu ufike ngenqwelomoya ibhabha kancinci, ayizukutsala umdla okanye urhano," utshilo uKatherine Andrus, umcebisi jikelele wegqiza loMbutho Wezothutho Lomoya.

Imigaqo yaseburhulumenteni ifuna ukuba iinqwelomoya zikwazise ngokukhawuleza amagosa ezempilo ngawo nawuphi na umkhweli okanye ukugula okubandakanya urhudo okanye umkhuhlane weentsuku ezimbini okanye nawuphina umkhuhlane onerhashalala, amadlala adumbileyo okanye i-jaundice ngaphambi kokuba inqwelomoya ifike kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya.

I-CDC icele ukuba iinqwelomoya nazo zichaze nabani na onomkhuhlane kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, intloko ebuhlungu ngentamo elukhuni, inqanaba lokuncipha lokuqonda okanye ukopha okungachazwanga. Ezo mpawu “zingabonakalisa ukugula okunesifo esosulelayo,” itshilo iarhente.

Ngelixa ukuhanjiswa kwezifo ezinobuzaza kwiinqwelomoya kukholelwa ukuba kunqabile, akukho mntu waziyo ukuba kaninzi kangakanani ukubanda, umkhuhlane kunye nesisu bug norovirus zisasazeka phakathi kwabagibeli.

UJohn Spengler, unjingalwazi wezempilo yokusingqongileyo kwiSikolo saseHarvard seMpilo yoLuntu, uthe ukusondela ixesha elide kunika ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya okunokubakho ekusasazeni izifo.

"Iinqwelomoya zinomoya ongenisa umoya," utshilo uSpengler, eqonda ukuba umoya ojikelezayo uhlanjululwa kaninzi ngezihluzi zeHEPA kwiinqwelomoya ezininzi. Kodwa akukho kuhamba malunga nokuxinana kwesihlalo seklasi kumqeqeshi opakisheneyo- kunye nomntu ogulayo ombi ohleli ecaleni kwakho iiyure.

I-CDC ixhalabile malunga nokuchonga kunye nokumisa ukusasazeka kwezifo ukusuka kwimasisi, isifo sephepha kunye ne-bacterial meningitis, ukuya kwi-SARS kunye neentsholongwane ezinqabileyo ezinjenge-Ebola. Ukunika ingxelo ngenqwelomoya kuthathwa njengobalulekileyo ekuphenduleni kubhubhane womkhuhlane.

Kodwa iinqwelomoya azifane zichaze abakhweli abagulayo ukuze iCDC ibavavanye, utshilo uCetron. "Uninzi lwezinto esifunda ngazo emva kwenyani" ezifana nezibhedlele, utshilo.

I-CDC ayifumani ngxelo epheleleyo yabo bonke abantu abafa kwiinqwelomoya, utshilo uCetron.

Ukusukela ngeyoMqungu ukuya phakathi ku-Okthobha, inkqubo yokuchithwa kwe-CDC ifumene iingxelo ezili-1,607 kwilizwe liphela labahambi abagulayo okanye abafela kwiinqwelomoya, iinqanawa okanye ezinye iindlela zothutho; Iingxelo ezili-100 zibandakanya isikhululo sokuvalelwa esiseHartsfield, esikhonza eGeorgia, eTennessee naseCarolinas. Uninzi lwamatyala, emva kokuvavanywa, khange afune olunye ungenelelo lweCDC.

KuDisemba ophelileyo, umfazi ogula kakhulu, okhohlayo onesifo sephepha esinganyangekiyo ngamayeza amaninzi wabhabha eIndiya esiya eChicago, emva koko waya eCalifornia. Umntu omnye owabhabha naye kamva waba ne-TB kuvavanyo, nangona amagosa e-CDC athe umhambi wayehlala kwilizwe elinenqanaba eliphezulu le-TB, esenza ukuba umthombo wokuvezwa ungacaci.

Kwiinyanga ezisixhenxe ngaphambili, uAndrew Somlomo waseAtlanta, owayengenazimpawu zangaphandle okanye ukhohlokhohlo, waye wabekelwa bucala ngabasemagunyeni kwisiganeko esasibhengezwe kakhulu emva kokuba ebalekele eGrisi wabuya ene-TB enganyangekiyo ngamachiza. Uvavanyo lwafumanisa ukuba akukho mntu ubambe esi sifo kuSomlomo.

Ngo-2004, usomashishini oneminyaka engama-38 ubudala ogula yiLassa fever —isifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane — wasuka eNtshona Afrika wadlula eLondon waya eNewark. Wayegula kangangeentsuku ezintathu kwaye eqhubeka nokuba nomkhuhlane, ukugodola, umqala obuhlungu, urhudo kunye nentlungu yomqolo ngaphakathi kweenqwelomoya. I-airline ayizange ixele isiganeko kwiCDC, kusho uCetron. Kwiiyure nje ezimbalwa ifikile eUnited States, le ndoda yalaliswa esibhedlele. Wayenobushushu be-103.6 degrees kwaye wasweleka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva.

Kwakhona, akukho bakhweli bangenayo. Kodwa izifundo ezimbalwa zibhale iimeko apho izifo ezinzulu zisasazeke kwiinqwelomoya, kubandakanya isifo sephepha, umkhuhlane kunye neSARS.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, amanqaku enzululwazi abandakanya isiganeko esinye. Ke zihlala zisasazeka kangakanani izifo kwiinqwelomoya?

“Ubuza nakubani na obhabha kwaye bonke baziva ukuba le ndawo ingunobangela,” utshilo uSpengler kaHarvard. Buphi ke ubungqina esinabo? Ngelishwa, asinabo ubungqina obuninzi ngaphandle kwezi zifundo. ”

I-Spengler yinxalenye yeZiko leMfundo ePhambili le-Airliner Cabin Environment Research, elivavanya indlela amachaphaza amancinci asasazeka ngayo kwiijethi ukuyila iindlela ezingcono zokucocwa kweenqwelomoya.

Ngelixa ubungqina besayensi buqokelelwa, uSpengler, njengezinye iingcali zokuhamba kunye nezempilo, uzithathela amanyathelo okhuseleko. "Ndikuthanda kakhulu ukuhlamba izandla zam," utshilo. Kwaye usebenzisa itawuli yephepha ukuvula ucango lwendlu yangasese.

Ukuba umhambi ubonakalisa iimpawu zokosuleleka, uSpengler uphakamisa umpu womoya ngaphezulu kwesihlalo sakhe ukuvuthela umoya ocociweyo kwicala lakhe. “Ndingathanda ukukhuselwa kancinci kunokuba ndingenako.”

SICK KWISIKHUMBUZO SEMOYO

AmaMediya kunye neSebe lase-Atlanta lokuhlangula uMlilo baphendula malunga neminxeba engama-4,000 engxamisekileyo yeminxeba ngonyaka ebandakanya abantu kwisikhululo senqwelomoya saseHartsfield-Jackson. I-Atlanta Journal-Constitution isebenzise iGeorgia Open Records Act ukufumana iziko ledatha leengxelo zika-2007 nango-2008. Iingxelo azibonisi ukuxilongwa, okusoloko kufuna ukuba kwenziwe elebhu kwenye indawo. Nazi ezinye ezimbalwa:

> Umqhubi wenqwelomoya ogulayo: Ngo-Matshi, umqhubi wenqwelomoya oneminyaka engama-24 ebesilwa neempawu zomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane, kubandakanya umkhuhlane, usuku. Uye waya kusebenza kunjalo. Emva kokumisa inqwelomoya eAtlanta, waquleka. Umlindi wenqwelomoya uxelele abagqirha ukuba uphume umzuzu omnye ukuya kwemibini. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nenqwelomoya azichongwanga kwidatha.

> Ukukhwehlela okungathandekiyo: Indoda eneminyaka engama-37 ubudala yaxelela ugqirha ngo-Okthobha ukuba wayenentlungu emzimbeni kwaye ekhohlela isikhohlela esiluhlaza. Uye wathi ufumene isifo seengcongconi xa wayesebenza e-Afrika kwaye oogqirha bamcebisa ukuba abuyele e-US ayokufumana unyango kuba imeko yakhe ayibangcono.

Umkhuhlane ophezulu: Indoda eneminyaka engama-29 ubudala eyayiphethwe ngumkhuhlane we-102.8, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha uxelele aboncedo lokuqala ngoJulayi ukuba wafunyanwa enentsholongwane kwiintsuku ezintlanu ezidlulileyo kwaye wayephelelwe ngamayeza akhe.

> Ukufa isiqaqa ngelixa ulindile: Ngelixa wayemi emgceni kwikhawuntara ye-Delta, indoda eneminyaka engama-26 ubudala yaphuma ngoJanuwari, isophula izinyo layo kwikhawuntara njengoko yayiwa. Indoda yaxelela i-medics ukuba yafunyaniswa ukuba ine-strep throat kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo kwaye yathi isenomkhuhlane.

> Ingqatha yenkukhu enokwenzeka: Amagosa ajongene nezinto zakwamanye amazwe abize ugqirha ngoAgasti ukujonga inkwenkwana eneminyaka emi-4 ubudala eyayivela eNigeria kunye nomama wayo, owayesithi unerhashalala.

OKO UNOKUKWENZA

"Awunakho ukulawula into eziswa ngabantu kwinqwelo-moya, kodwa ungalawula," utshilo u-Heidi Giles MacFarlane, usekela-mongameli weenkonzo zokuphendula zehlabathi zeMedAire, inkampani eqinisekisa ukubonelelwa ngonyango kwiinqwelomoya.

Kunyaka ophelileyo iMedAire ifumene ngaphezulu kwe-17,000 kwiifowuni zeenqwelomoya ezivela kwiinqwelomoya ze-74 ezisebenza kuzo.

Iingcali zokuhamba kunye nezempilo ziyacebisa:

> Musa ukuhamba ukuba uyagula. Cinga ngabanye abakhweli abasesichengeni ngakumbi: Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yezifo, unyango lomhlaza okanye ukufakelwa; abantwana abancinci kakhulu kunye nabantu abadala.

> Xelela inqwelo-moya yakho: Iinqwelo-moya ngamanye amaxesha ziye zivumele abakhweli abagulayo ukuba barhoxe okanye batshintshe inqwelomoya yabo kwaye bayirhoxise nayiphi na imali, kodwa bayayenza ngokwamatyala kwaye bangafuna inqaku likagqirha.

OKO UNOKUKWENZA

> Thenga i-inshurensi yokuhamba. Ngexesha lokubhukisha uhambo lwakho, thenga i-inshurensi egubungela iindleko zetikiti lakho ukuba uyagula okanye wenzakele. Ukundwendwela phesheya, fumana i-inshurensi yokuhamba eya kugubungela ukufuduswa kwakho ukuya eUnited States.

> Hlamba izandla zakho. Kwaye kwenze ngokufanelekileyo: Ngesepha kunye namanzi ashushu, abalekayo kangangemizuzwana engama-20. Phatha i-sanitizer yesandla esekwe etywaleni njengesipele.

> Kulumkele ukuchukumisa imiphezulu. Asinguye wonke umntu ohlamba izandla kwigumbi lokuhlambela-- kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba babamba isiphatho somnyango xa bemkayo. Sebenzisa itawuli yephepha ukuvula ucango. Kulumkele ukuchukumisa ezinye iindawo ezinokuba neebhaktiriya okanye intsholongwane, ezinje ngeetafile zetreyi yenqwelo moya kunye nezixhobo zokubala amatikiti esikhululo seenqwelomoya.

> Cela esinye isihlalo. Ukuba omnye umgibeli ugula kakhulu kangangokuba oko kwenza ukuba ungonwabi, thetha. Yazisa abasebenzi beenqwelo moya, ngakumbi ngaphambi kokukhwela. Ukuba umntu uhleli ecaleni kwakho, buza ukuba ungasuswa na.

> Fumana umkhuhlane. Ngexesha lokusondela komkhuhlane lisondele, akukabikho mva kakhulu.

> Zazi izifo zengingqi. Ukuba uhambela kwamanye amazwe, unokufuna ezinye izithonga okanye amayeza ukukhusela. ICDC inengcebiso eneenkcukacha ku: wwwn.cdc.gov/travel/default.aspx