I-United States ine-D-rating eyothusayo yokuphambuka ekuhlaleni
Kwiveki ephelileyo iHawaii ifumene awona manqaku aphezulu anokubakho xa i-Unicast yapapasha uluhlu lwayo lokuthotyelwa kokuthotyelwa kwayo yonke i-United States. IHawaii ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala esizweni kwaye yafumana kuphela okuqinileyo IBakala njengoko kumiselwe yi-Unacast Scoreboard:
Namhlanje umntu wesithathu usweleke eHawaii kwi-COVID-19
Amanqaku kunye nenqanaba lalisekwe kwinto nganye esebenzayo kukarhulumente yokusasazeka koluntu, xa kuthelekiswa nomsebenzi ohambelana ngaphambi kwe-COVID-19.
Kule veki akukho Rhulumente okanye Mmandla e-US ofumene ireyithingi kwakhona, ngaphandle kweSithili sase-Columbia (Washington DC) esifumana i-A-
Ehlabathini lonke iUnited States ine-D-rating yokuhamba kwezentlalo, eyothusayo.
IHawaii kunye neMassachusetts, iMichigan, iNevada, iNew Jersey, iNew York yehla yaya ethambileyo B-
EHawaii, IKauai County ihlala inenqanaba elifanelekileyo le-A. IKauai kuphela kwendawo enezithintelo zeenqwelomoya kunye nexesha lokufika ekhaya.
I-Maui County ine Inqanaba B, KwiNgingqi yase Honolulu B-, kunye neHawaii County ukalisho lwe-C
Iingcinga zikaGqirha Anton Anderssen
Ndiyingcali yezomthetho. Ugqirha wam usemthethweni, kwaye isidanga sam sasemva kwesidanga sobugqirha sikwi-anthropology yenkcubeko. Sifunda izinto ezinonyawo olunye emthethweni kunye nolunye kwinkcubeko- izifundo ezinempikiswano njengokutshata kwabantu besini esinye, iimvukelo zopolitiko, kunye nokuthobela inkcubeko kugunyaziso lukarhulumente. La ngamaxesha anomdla, ngakumbi eparadesi. IHawaii yahlukile kwinto eyayisakuba bubukumkani basebukhosini, oobhubhane abanamava abaphantse babatshabalalisa abemi bomthonyama, banamava okubhukuqwa okuninzi, emva koko yathotyelwa kwilizwe elitsha eligcine isikhundla salo njengoqoqosho olukhulu emhlabeni ukusukela ngo-1871.
Abaphambukeli bokuqala kwezi ziqithi yayingabantu baseMarquesans. Babhukuqwa ngabantu baseTahiti, ababebiza abantu aboyisileyo ngabemi (abaqhelekileyo) kwaye uninzi lwabo bajika baba ngamakhoboka abo. Kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo, ubalo lwabantu olwenziwa ngo-1820 nguKaumuali'i, “inkosi” yaseKaua'i, ityhila ama-manahune kwimiqulu. Babizwa ngokuba nguMenehune, kuthiwa babengabantu abancinci- kodwa ubungakanani buhlobene. Abantu baseTahiti babebakhulu ngomzimba; babhukuqa ngokulula abemi bomthonyama.
IHawaii yaba bubukumkani emva kukaKamehameha, aikāne (umlinganiso wokwabelana ngesondo kunye nomthunywa wezopolitiko) kwiNkosi uKalani'opu'u, wavuka ngamandla ezopolitiko. UKamehameha wazalelwa uKeku'iapoiwa II, umtshana ka-Alapainui. IAlpainui yabhukuqa iSiqithi saseHawaii ngokubulala iindlalifa ezimbini ezisemthethweni zeChief Keawe'īkekahiali'iokamoku. UKamehameha waqhubeka nokubhukuqa u-O'ahu, Maui, Moloka'i, noLāna'i ngo-1795. Ngo-1810, uKaua'i noNi'ihau bazinikela kuye kunokuba babulawe ngabantu babo emfazweni. UKamehameha wayeyaziwa ngokubulala onke amadoda, abafazi kunye nabantwana abangena endleleni yakhe. Wawubiza umhlaba wonke ngobukumkani baseHawaii, egxininisa ukuba umlawuli weSiqithi saseHawaii (ngokwakhe) ngoku ulawula wonke umntu.
U-Kamehameha wathandana nabantu bangaphandle ngezixhobo-wayefuna iimuskets kunye ne-cannon ukubulala abachasi bakhe. Wavumela ama-mercenaries ukuba aqhekeze amahlathi e-sandalwood ukuze atshintshe izixhobo. Abantu bangaphandle beza nazo zonke iintlobo zeentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane, apho abemi babengenako ukuzikhusela. Kwakukho ubhubhane emva kwesibetho ngexesha loBukumkani baseHawaii, obuhlala ngaphantsi kweminyaka eli-100.
Abantu baseMarquesans (abemi bomthonyama) babesele bebulewe ubukhulu becala ngokufika koBukumkani. UKamehameha wabulala amawaka kumzabalazo wakhe wamandla, kwaye amawaka ngakumbi abulawa yindlala emva kweemfazwe zakhe. Kule minyaka idlulileyo, uBukumkani, egameni lokukhula kwezoqoqosho, bezise abantu bangaphandle ukuba basebenze emasimini; kunye nabo beza nobhubhane. Ukusuka kwisigidi sabemi ngexesha lokufika kukaCaptain Cook ngo-1778, abemi baseHawaii (baseTahiti) behla baya kutsho ngaphantsi kwama-24,000 ngo-1920.
Ngexesha loBukumkani bokuqala, kwakukho uhlobo lomthetho obizwa ngokuba yi-kapu. Ukuhamba kude kwezentlalo kwakendele ngaphakathi kwinkcubeko. Ukuba isithunzi sakho esiqhelekileyo sithe sathinta enye ye-Ali'i (isidima sentlalontle) ububulawa. Abantu bagcina umgama wabo, kuba iziphumo zokusondela kakhulu kumntu ongalunganga yayisisigwebo sentambo. Kwakukho iiklasi ezilishumi elinanye ze-ali'i. U-Ali'i wenqanaba eliphezulu uqhubeke nokulawula iziQithi zeHawaii de kwangowe-1893, xa, ngokumangalisayo, uKumkanikazi uLili'ualanialani wabhukuqwa ngumbuso. Nokuba ungubani, bekukho umntu ekufuneka umthobele, onegunya elikhulu kunawe, kwaye le ndlela yokuphila ayizange iphele tu kwinkcubeko. Namhlanje, ngabantu abanemali eninzi abahleli kwelona qela liphezulu kwezentlalo.
Xa iinkokheli zethu zangoku zaseHawaii zixelele abantu ukuba bahambe, abemi benza njengoko bexelelwe. Abantu baseHawaii babesazi ukuba kukho indyikitya yokufa elele phakathi. Babenamava eminyaka yokwazi ukungadlali imidlalo ngobhubhane. Umthetho kunye nenkcubeko zidityanisiwe ukwenza isimilo esikhokelele kwindawo yokuqala yaseHawaii yokuthotyelwa komgama ekuhlaleni. Xa kuziwa kubhubhane, abantu baseHawaii banenkumbulo ende kakhulu, inde kakhulu.
IHawaii ineekota ezintlanu. Akukho matyala eCoronavirus eKalawao County. Bambalwa abantu abakhe beva ngale ndawo, kwaye babengekho. Ndamenywa ukuba ndindwendwele iKalaupapa kwiKalawao County ukuya kudibana nabantu abasindayo kwindawo eyayineqhenqa, eselilikhaya labantu abaninzi ababesekuthinjweni apho ngee-1960s. Ubuncinci abantu abangama-8,000 basuswe ngenkani kwiintsapho zabo bafuduselwa eKalaupapa kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ngo-1865, iNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yapasiswa, kwaye uKing Kamehameha V wavuma, “Umthetho Wokuthintela Ukusasazeka Kwabantu Abaneqhenqa”, owawubeka umhlaba ngokwahlula abantu ekukholelwa ukuba banako ukusasaza isifo sikaHansen. Ukulayishwa kwenqanawa kwabantu kusiwa kwikoloni, emva koko batyhalelwa ngaphandle kweeplanga ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa yolwandle ifike emhlabeni. Abahluphekileyo kwathiwa mabazike okanye badade. Uninzi lwabahlali banamhlanje beKalawao County banamava okuqala malunga nokuvalelwa bodwa kwezonyango, kwaye bayazilandela iindlela zokucoceka ezingenasiphako njengenxalenye yelifa.
Namhlanje, urhulumente waseHawaii usasaza umabonwakude apho abantu becelwa ngobubele ukuba "bazikhethe." Iyasebenza. Abantu baphendula ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphakamisa- njengokubeka iiribhoni ezimhlophe kwiifestile zabo ukubonisa inkxaso kubugqirha. Babeka izibane zeKrisimesi kwiibhalkoni zabo ukumela ithemba ngexesha lobumnyama. Ndinezibane zekrisimesi ezingama-200 kwibhalkoni yam, kwaye zinokubonwa zisuka kwimayile enye. Icandelo lelaphu eWalmart licinyiwe ngenxa yokuba abantu bathunga iimaski kwaye bazinika abantu abadala kunye nabasesichengeni. Ukuziqeqesha kuyamangalisa apha.
Ngelishwa iindawo ezininzi zaseUnited States azinalo uqeqesho oluthathayo kwimozulu yesifo. IFlorida ivumele amawaka abantu basentwasahlobo ukuba baxinane elunxwemeni lwabo ngoMatshi, kwaye iziphumo ziyatshabalalisa. Kwingingqi yeGrant-Valkaria yaseBrevard County, eFlorida, iqela lesini-elityhila ababandakanyekayo hayi nje kuphela ukuba bahlanganisane ngokungekho mthethweni, kodwa baqhumisa iTannerite, ethe yabangela umlilo weehektare ezili-10. Leyo yimbonakalo yomlilo wokulahla inkunkuma.
Umyeni wam, ongummi wase-Italiya, wasaba e-Itali ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kokuba iinqwelo-moya zivaliwe kwilizwe lakhe. I-Itali yayihlaselwe kakhulu. Abahlobo kunye nezihlobo zethu bathi “amaTaliyane awanangqeqesho. Xa urhulumente evalela iindawo ezithile, uninzi lwabantu lwaya kuskiya kuba lwalungasebenzi. ” ISpain yabethwa kanobom. Umyeni wam wase-Italiya uqaphele, “Ungawuchaza umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazwe aseJamani / aseMantla eNtshona Yurophu xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aseLatin / aMazantsi. Abantu abangavumiyo ukuziphatha bazezona zinto zihlawulelwayo. ”
Ukuziphatha okubi kakhulu endikubonileyo kubanjwe kwividiyo. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesibhozo kwinyanga yoKwindla, itheko lokuzalwa komntwana owayenonyaka ubudala labangela ukuba amapolisa achithachithe le ndibano ingekho semthethweni. Ukungazi nokungakhathali okuboniswe ngaba "bantu badala" kwakothusa. Kufuneka ibonwe ukuba iyakholelwa: https://youtu.be/jRVvMoEoItU . Aba bahambisi bathuka izithuko emapoliseni- ulwimi lwabo lwalulubi kakhulu kangangokuba alunakuprintwa.
Ngexesha lobhubhane waseSpain, amagosa awazange alunyamezele olo hlobo lokuziphatha kakubi. Ngo-Okthobha i-27, ngo-1918, igosa elikhethekileyo kwibhodi yezempilo yaseSan Francisco egama linguHenry D. Miller wadubula walimaza kanobom uJames Wisser phambi kwevenkile yeziyobisi ePowell naseMarket Street, emva kokwala kukaWisser ukwenza imaski yomkhuhlane. Ndiyathandabuza ukuba siyakuze silubone olo hlobo lokunyanzeliswa ngeli xesha lobhubhane, ubuncinci kumagosa aseburhulumenteni, kodwa ndiyaxela ukuba abemi babucala baya kusebenzisa amandla abulalayo ukunqanda amaqhinga angabalulekanga osulela amalungu osapho kwipropathi yabucala. Ukuthengiswa kwemipu kunye neembumbulu kuye kwenyuka kwinyanga ephelileyo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kukho izizathu zenkcubeko. Ngaphezulu kwesigidi se-3.7 sokujonga ngasemva imipu yaqhutywa ngenkqubo yokujonga imvelaphi ye-FBI ngo-Matshi, elona nani liphezulu kwirekhodi ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20.
Ukuzikhetha akulunganga njengoko abantu abaninzi bekwenza. Phakathi kuka-1603 no-1613, xa amandla kaShakespeare njengombhali ayekwincopho yakhe, iGlobe kunye nezinye izindlu zokudlala zaseLondon zavalwa ngeenyanga ezimangalisayo ezingama-78 ngenxa yesibetho seBubonic - ngaphezulu kwama-60% exesha. Ke wenza ntoni uShakespeare ngelixa wayezahlula? Wabhala uKing Lear, kunye noMacbeth noAntony noCleopatra. U-Issac Newton wenza owona msebenzi wakhe ubalulekileyo ngelixa wayezimela yedwa, yiyo loo nto yamkhokelela ekubeni abe yi-SIR Isaac Newton. Umtshana wam uxelele udadewethu, “Yabona mama, yonke le minyaka xa ubundixelela ukuba ndihleli imini yonke esofeni ndidlala imidlalo yevidiyo kwiipijama zam ngekhe zilungiselele umhlaba wokwenene. Yeha ke umama okruqukileyo. ”
Ewe, andikaze ndidlale umdlalo wevidiyo. Kodwa ndiyabulela kuba ndihlala eHawaii, apho intlonipho yokuhamba-hamba kwezentlalo iphezulu esizweni. Ngoku, ndicinga ukuba ndiza kubhala into nge-iambic pentameter.
Landela umbhali uGqirha Anton Anderssen kwi-Twitter @hartforth nakwi
