Umngcipheko wokufa kwiCoronavirus? I-COVID-19 Uphando luxela inyani

U-Albert Camus wathi ngo-1947 kwi-Plague „Ekuphela kwendlela yokulwa lo bhubhani kukunyaniseka." Ingcali yezonyango yase-Switzerland yacela ukuba kupapashwe olu lwazi lulandelayo ukuqonda imeko yangoku. Ivumela umbono oqinisekileyo ngakumbi wobungozi ojongana nabo neCoronavirus.

Kwi-COVID 19 ugqirha waseSwitzerland upapashe olu phando lulandelayo:
Ngokutsho idatha yakutshanje IZiko lezeMpilo leSizwe lase-Itali i-ISS, umndilili wobudala bokuvavanywa ngokuqinisekileyo oswelekileyo e-Itali kungoku nje uneminyaka engama-81. I-10% yabangasekhoyo ingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-90 ubudala. I-90% yabangasekhoyo ingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala.

I-80% yabangasekhoyo yayiphethwe zizifo ezibini nangaphezulu ezinganyangekiyo. I-50% yabangasekhoyo yayiphethwe zizifo ezithathu okanye nangaphezulu ezinganyangekiyo. Izifo ezinganyangekiyo zibandakanya iingxaki zentliziyo, isifo seswekile, iingxaki zokuphefumla kunye nomhlaza.

Ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabantu abaswelekileyo yayingabantu abasempilweni, okt abantu abangenazo izifo ezinganyangekiyo esele zikho. Bamalunga ne-30% kuphela abantu abaswelekileyo abangabafazi.

Iziko lase-Itali lezeMpilo ngaphezulu koko Ukwahlula phakathi kwabo baswelekileyo ku i-coronavirus kunye nabo bafa kunye intsholongwane ye-Corona. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukacaci nokuba abantu basweleke ngenxa yentsholongwane okanye kwizifo zabo ezinganyangekiyo okanye ngokudityaniswa kokubini.

Aba babini base-Italiya basweleke bengaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala (bobabini baneminyaka engama-39 ubudala) babenesigulo somhlaza kunye nesifo seswekile esineengxaki ezongezelelweyo. Kwezi meko, kwakhona, oyena nobangela wokufa wawungekacaci (okt ukuba ubusuka kwintsholongwane okanye kwizifo ebezikho ngaphambili).

Ukuthwala umthwalo ongaphaya kwezibhedlele kungenxa yokukhawuleza kwezigulana kunye nenani elonyukayo lezigulana ezifuna ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo okanye olunzulu. Ngokukodwa, injongo kukuzinzisa umsebenzi wokuphefumla kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukubonelela ngonyango oluchasayo.

IZiko lezeMpilo lase-Italiya lapapasha iphepha le- ingxelo yeenkcukacha-manani kwizigulana ezinovavanyo kunye nabaswelekileyo, eqinisekisa le datha ingentla.

Ugqirha ukwabonisa le miba ilandelayo:

EMantla e-Italiya yenye yezona ndawo zidala kunye ne mgangatho omoya ombi kakhulu eYurophu, esele ikhokelele kwi ukwanda kwenani yezifo zokuphefumla kunye nokufa kwixa elidlulileyo kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba yinto eyongezelelekileyo yomngcipheko kubhubhane wangoku.

UMzantsi Korea, umzekelo, ufumene ikhondo elinzima ngakumbi kune-Italiya kwaye sele udlulile kwincopho yesifo. EMzantsi Korea, kuphela malunga nokufa kwabantu abangama-70 abaneziphumo zovavanyo ezilungileyo ezixeliweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Njengase-Italiya, abo bachaphazelekayo ikakhulu zizigulana ezisengozini enkulu.

Ukufa kwabantu abali-80 abanesifo saseSwitzerland ukuza kuthi ga ngoku bezikwizigulo ezinobungozi ezinganyangekiyo, iminyaka yobudala engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-97 kunye neminyaka engama-XNUMX ubuninzi, nesona sizathu sokufa, okt sisifo okanye sisandulela Izifo ezikhoyo azikaziwa.

Ngapha koko, uphononongo lubonakalisile ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwilizwe jikelele zokuvavanya intsholongwane zinokunika isiphumo sobuxoki kwezinye iimeko. Kule meko, abantu banako hayi banesivumelwano se-coronavirus entsha, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo yenye ye-coronaviruses yabantu esele ikho eyinxalenye yonyaka (kwaye ngoku oqhubekayo) yingqele eqhelekileyo kunye nobhubhane womkhuhlane. (1)

Yiloo nto eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekubonakaliseni ubungozi kwesi sifo hayi Inani elivavanyiweyo rhoqo labantu abavavanywe ngokuqinisekileyo kunye nokufa, kodwa inani labantu ngokwenyani kwaye ngokungalindelekanga bayakhula okanye basweleke kwinyumoniya (oko kubizwa ngokuba kukufa okungaphezulu).

Ngokwedatha yonke yangoku, kuluntu ngokubanzi olusempilweni lwesikolo kunye nobudala bokusebenza, ikhosi enobulali ukuya kumodareyitha yesifo seCovid-19 sinokulindelwa. Abantu abadala kunye nabantu abanezifo ezinganyangekiyo kufuneka bakhuselwe. Amandla onyango kufuneka alungiselelwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Uncwadi lwezonyango

(1) UPatrick et al., Ukuqhambuka kweHuman Coronavirus OC43 yosulelo kunye neSerological Cross-reactivity ngeSARS Coronavirus, ICJIDMM, 2006.

(2) UGrasselli et al., Ukusetyenziswa koKhathalelo oluBalulekileyo lokuqhambuka kwe-COVID-19 eLombardy, JAMA, Matshi 2020.

(3) NGUBANI, Ingxelo ye-WHO-China Joint Mission kwi-Coronavirus Disease 2019, Februwari 2020.

Amaxabiso esalathiso

Amaxabiso esalathiso abalulekileyo abandakanya inani lokusweleka komkhuhlane ngonyaka, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8,000 e-Italiya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60,000 e-US; Ukufa okuqhelekileyo ngokubanzi, e-Italiya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2,000 yokufa ngosuku; kunye ne-avareji yenani leenyumoniya ngonyaka, e-Italiya engaphezulu kwe-120,000.

Okwangoku zonke izizathu zokufa kwabantu eYurophu nase-Itali zihlala ziqhelekileyo okanye zingaphantsi komndilili. Nakuphi na ukubhubha okungaphezulu ngenxa yeCovid-19 kufanele ukuba kubonakale kwindawo ye- Iitshathi zokuhlola zaseYurophu.

Ukuhlaziywa rhoqo kwimeko (yonke imithombo ekubhekiswa kuyo).

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 17 (I)

• Ubume bokubhubha buhlala buxakekile kwimbono yentsholongwane kuba, ngokuchaseneyo neentsholongwane zomkhuhlane, abantwana bayasinda kwaye amadoda achaphazeleka phantse kabini kunabafazi. Kwelinye icala, le profayile iyahambelana ukubhubha kwendalo, ekufutshane ne-zero yabantwana kwaye iphantse iphindwe kabini kumadoda aneminyaka engama-75 ubudala kunabafazi abakwiminyaka efanayo.
• Umntu ongasekhoyo kuvavanyo oluncinci phantse ebesoloko eneemeko ezinzima ngaphambili. Umzekelo, umqeqeshi webhola ekhatywayo waseSpain oneminyaka eyi-21 wasweleka ene-test-positive, esenza iindaba eziphambili kwilizwe liphela. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha kufunyenwe isifo i-leukemia engaziwayo, eneengxaki eziqhelekileyo kubandakanya inyumoniya ebukhali.
• Isigqibo sokuvavanya ubungozi besi sifo ke hayi inani labantu abane-test kunye nabangasekhoyo, okuhlala kukhankanywa kumajelo eendaba, kodwa inani labantu ngokwenyani kwaye ngokungalindelekanga likhula okanye lisweleke ukusuka kwinyumoniya (oko kubizwa ngokuba kukufa okungaphezulu). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eli xabiso lihlala liphantsi kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi.
• ESwitzerland, ezinye iiyunithi ezingxamisekileyo sele zigcwele umthwalo ngenxa yenani elikhulu labantu abafuna ukuvavanywa. Oku kwalatha kwinqanaba elongezelelekileyo lezengqondo kunye namalungiselelo okwangoku.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 17 (II)

• Unjingalwazi wezomzimba wase-Italiya uSergio Romagnani ovela kwiDyunivesithi yaseFlorence ufikelela kwisigqibo esenziwe kubantu abangama-3000 ukuba ama-50 ukuya kuma-75% abantu abavavanywayo bayo yonke iminyaka bahlala ayinampawu kwaphela - kakhulu ngaphezulu kokucingelwa ngaphambili.
• Izinga lokuhlala kwee-ICU zaseNtaliyane kwi-ICU kwiinyanga zasebusika sele zilungile 85 kwi90%. Abanye okanye uninzi lwezi zigulana sele zinokubakho kuvavanyo ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, inani lamatyala ongezelelweyo e-pneumonia alaziwa okwangoku.
• Ugqirha wesibhedlele kwisixeko saseSpain iMalaga Ubhala kuTwitter ukuba abantu okwangoku kunokwenzeka ukuba babhubhe ngenxa yokothuka kunye nokuwa kwenkqubo ngaphandle kwentsholongwane. Isibhedlele sigutyungelwe ngabantu abanomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane kunye neCovid19 kwaye oogqirha baphulukene nolawulo.

Matshi 18, 2020

• A isifundo esitsha se-epidemiological (preprint) uqukumbela ngelithi ukusweleka kweCovid19 nakwisixeko saseTshayina iWuhan yayiyi-0.04% kuphela ukuya kwi-0.12% kwaye ke kunokuba iphantsi ngaphezu komkhuhlane wamaxesha onyaka, onesilinganiso sokufa esimalunga ne-0.1%. Njengesizathu sokufa okugqithisileyo kweCovid19, abaphandi barhanela ukuba ekuqaleni yayiliqela nje elincinci lamatyala abhalwe eWuhan, kuba esi sifo kungenzeka ukuba sasingenabungqina okanye sinobulali kubantu abaninzi.
• Abaphandi baseTshayina baphikisa ukuba umsi ogqithileyo wobusika kwisixeko saseWuhan kungenzeka ukuba badlale indima ebangela ukuqhambuka kwesifo semiphunga. Ehlotyeni ngo-2019, uqhankqalazo lwasesidlangalaleni zazisele zenzeka eWuhan ngenxa yomgangatho omoya ombi.
• Imifanekiso emitsha yesathelayithi ibonisa indlela iNyakatho ye-Itali enayo ngayo awona manqanaba aphezulu ongcoliseko lomoya eYurophu, kwaye ungcoliseko lomoya luye lwancitshiswa njani ngokuvalelwa yedwa.
• Umvelisi weCovid19 yovavanyo ikhithi ithi kufanelekile isetyenziselwa iinjongo zophando kuphela kwaye hayi yezicelo zokuqonda isifo, njengoko ingekaqinisekiswa ngokwasekliniki.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 19 (I)

IZiko lezeMpilo lase-Itali le-ISS lipapashe ingxelo entsha ngokusweleka kovavanyo:

• Iminyaka yobudala ephakathi yi-80.5 iminyaka (i-79.5 yamadoda, i-83.7 yabasetyhini).
• I-10% yabangasekhoyo yayingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-90 ubudala; I-90% yabangasekhoyo yayingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala.
• Ubuninzi be-0.8% yabantu abaswelekileyo bebengenazo izigulo ezingapheliyo.
• Phantse iipesenti ezingama-75 zabantu abaswelekileyo babeneemeko ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu, 50% babeneemeko ezintathu esele zikhona, ngakumbi isifo sentliziyo, isifo seswekile kunye nomhlaza.
• Abahlanu babafi bebephakathi kweminyaka engama-31 nama-39 ubudala, bonke benemeko zempilo (umzekelo umhlaza okanye isifo sentliziyo).
• IZiko lezeMpilo leSizwe alikabinaso isigqibo sokuba abaguli bavavanywa nini ekugqibeleni bafa kwaye babhekisa kubo ngokubanzi Ukufa okuqinisekileyo kwe-Covid19.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 19 (II)

• A umbiko kwiphephandaba lase-Italiya Corriere della Sera ibonisa ukuba iiyunithi zononophelo ezinzulu zase-Italiya sele zadilika phantsi komtshangatshangiso womkhuhlane ngo-2017/2018 Baye bahlehlisa ukusebenza, babiza abongikazi ukuba babuye eholideyini kwaye baphelelwa yiminikelo yegazi.
• I-virologist yaseJamani uHendrik Streeck echaza I-Covid19 ayinakulindeleka ukuba inyuse inani lokufa kwabantu eJamani, eliqhele ukuba ngabantu abangama-2500 ngosuku. UStreeck ukhankanya imeko yendoda eneminyaka eyi-78 eneemeko ezithile ezafa ngenxa yokusilela kwentliziyo, emva koko kuvavanywa i-Covid19 kwaye ke yabandakanywa kubalo lwabantu ababhubhileyo ngo-Covid19.
• NgokukaNjingalwazi waseStanford uJohn Ioannidis, le coronavirus intsha inokuba njalo akusekho yingozi ukodlula ezinye zee-coronaviruses eziqhelekileyo, nakubantu abadala. U-Ioannidis uthi akukho datha yonyango inokuthenjwa exhasa amanyathelo ekugqitywe ngawo ngoku.

Matshi 20, 2020

• Ngokutsho Ingxelo yakutshanje yokubeka esweni yaseYurophu, Ukufa ngokubanzi kuwo onke amazwe (kubandakanya i-Italiya) nakuwo onke amaqela ubudala kuhlala kungaphakathi okanye nangaphantsi kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
• Ngokutsho zakutshanje izibalo zaseJamani, Iminyaka yobudala yokufa okuvavanyiweyo malunga neminyaka engama-83, uninzi lweemeko zempilo esele zikhona ezinokubangela ukufa.
• A 2006 isifundo saseCanada ekubhekiselwe kuye nguNjingalwazi waseStanford uJohn Ioannidis wafumanisa ukuba ii-coronaviruses ezibandayo eziqhelekileyo zinokubangela ukuba amazinga okusweleka afike kwi-6% kumaqela abasemngciphekweni njengabahlali beziko lokhathalelo, kunye neekiti zokuvavanya intsholongwane ebonakalise ubuxoki bosulelo lwe-SARS coronaviruses.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 21 (I)

• ISpain inika ingxelo yokufa kwabantu abathathu kuphela ngaphantsi kwe65 (ngaphandle kwe-1000 iyonke). Imeko zabo zempilo ezazikho ngaphambili kunye noyena nobangela wokufa akukaziwa.
• Ngomhla wamashumi amabini ku-Matshi e-Itali umbiko Ukusweleka kwabantu abangama-627 kwilizwe lonke ngovavanyo ngemini enye. Ngokuthelekisa, ukusweleka okuqhelekileyo e-Italiya kukufa okungama-1800 ngemini. Ukusukela nge-21 kaFebruwari, i-Italiya inike ingxelo malunga ne-4000 yokufa kwabantu abane-test. Ukufa okuqhelekileyo ngeli xesha kufikelela kuma-50,000 2019 okusweleka. Akukaziwa okwangoku ukuba izinga lokufa jikelele liye lenyuka kangakanani, okanye ukuba nje sele kuguquke njani ukuba kuvavanyo. Ngapha koko, i-Itali kunye ne-Yuropu babenexesha eliphantsi kakhulu lomkhuhlane kwi-2020/XNUMX eye yabasindisa abantu abaninzi abasesichengeni.
• Ngoku ka Iindaba zeNtaliyane, I-90% yabantu abafileyo kuvavanyo olufanelekileyo kwingingqi yaseLombardy baswelekile ngaphandle kwe iiyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu, ubukhulu becala ekhaya okanye kumacandelo enkathalelo ngokubanzi. Isizathu sokusweleka kwabo kunye nendima enokubakho yamanyathelo okuvalelwa bodwa ekufeni kwabo kuhlala kungacaci. Bayi-260 kuphela abangama-2168 abantu abane-test abaye bafa kwii-ICU.
• IBloomberg ibalaselisa oko „Iipesenti ezingama-99 zaabo baFayo kwiNtsholongwane babenaso esinye isifo, i-Itali ithi"

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 21 (II)

• IJapan Times iyabuza: IJapan yayilindele ukuqhuma kwe-coronavirus. Iphi? Ngaphandle kokuba lelinye lamazwe okuqala afumana iziphumo zovavanyo ezilungileyo kwaye enganyanzelisi ukuvalwa, iJapan lelinye lawona mazwe achaphazelekileyo. Isicatshulwa: "Nokuba iJapan ayinakubala bonke abo bosulelekileyo, izibhedlele azolulwa zibhityile kwaye akubangakho spike kwimeko yenyumoniya."
• Abaphandi base-Italiya bathi ubushushu obugqithisileyo eMntla Itali, obona bunzima eYurophu, inokuba idlala indima ebangela kuqhambuko lwenyumoniya lwangoku, njengaseWuhan ngaphambili.
• Kwi udliwanondlebe olutsha, UNjingalwazi Sucharit Bhakdi, ingcali eyaziwayo kwihlabathi kwintsholongwane, uthi ukugxeka i-coronavirus entsha ekufeni "akulunganga" kwaye "kuyingozi", njengoko kukho ezinye izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngokukodwa iimeko zempilo zangaphambili kunye nomoya ombi umgangatho kwiidolophu zaseTshayina naseMantla e-Itali. UNjingalwazi Bhakdi uchaza amanyathelo ekuxoxwa ngawo okwangoku okanye abekiweyo njenge "eyoyikekayo", "engenamsebenzi", "eyokuzitshabalalisa" kunye "nokuzibulala ngokuhlangeneyo" okuya kunciphisa ubomi babantu abadala kwaye akufuneki yamkelwe luluntu.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 22 (I)

Malunga nemeko e-Itali: Uninzi lwamajelo eendaba axoka axela ukuba i-Italiya ine-800 yabantu abafayo ngosuku ukusuka kwi-coronavirus. Ngokwenyani, umongameli weNkonzo yase-Itali yoKhuselo loLuntu ugxininisa ukuba oku kukusweleka „kunye i-coronavirus kunye hayi ukusuka i-coronavirus "(umzuzu 03:30 we ikhonfirensi yepresi). Ngamanye amagama, aba bantu basweleke ngelixa bekuvavanywa ukuba banayo.

NjengooNjingalwazi Ioannidis kunye noBhakdi ubonakalisile, amazwe afana noMzantsi Korea kunye neJapan ezazise akukho manyathelo okutshixa Ndikhe ndafumana ukusweleka okuthe gabalala xa kuthelekiswa ne-Covid-19, ngelixa inqanawa ye-Diamond Princess ehamba ngenqanawa yafumana ukubhubha okungaphezulu Uluhlu lweemille nganye, okt okanye ngaphantsi kwenqanaba lomkhuhlane wonyaka.

Amanani okusweleka okwangoku e-Itali asengaphantsi kwe-50% yokufa okuqhelekileyo kwemihla ngemihla e-Italiya, malunga nokufa kwe-1800 ngemini. Yiyo loo nto inokwenzeka, mhlawumbi mhlawumbi, ukuba indawo enkulu ye eqhelekileyo ukusweleka kwemihla ngemihla ngoku kubalwa njengoku- "Covid19" ukusweleka (njengoko besivavanywa benesifo). Le ngongoma egxininiswe nguMongameli we-Italian Civil Service Service.

Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku kuyacaca ukuba imimandla ethile eMantla e-Itali, okt abo bajongene nobunzima amanyathelo okutshixa, bafumana ukwanda okuphawulekayo ukubhubha kwemihla ngemihla. Kukwaziwa kananjalo ukuba kwingingqi yaseLombardia, iipesenti ezingama-90 zokufa kwabantu abane-HIV kwenzeka hayi kwiiyunithi zokunyamekela, kodwa kunoko ikakhulu Ekhaya. Kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-99% baneemeko zempilo esele zikhona.

UNjingalwazi Sucharit Bhakdi ubize Amanyathelo okutshixa "akunamsebenzi", "ukuzilimaza" kunye "nokuzibulala ngokudibeneyo". Yiyo loo nto umbuzo okhathaza kakhulu uphakama malunga nokufa okwandayo kwaba bantu balupheleyo, bodwa, abantu abanoxinzelelo olunezimo ezininzi zempilo esele zibekho ezinokubangelwa yimilinganiselo yokutshixwa kweeveki.

Ukuba kunjalo, inokuba yenye yezo meko apho unyango lubi kunesi sifo. (Jonga uhlaziyo olungezantsi: yi-12% kuphela yezatifikethi zokufa ezibonisa i-coronavirus njengesizathu.)

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 22 (II)

• ESwitzerland, kungoku nje kukho ukufa kwabantu abangama-56, bonke abo babenjalo "Izigulana ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu" ngenxa yobudala babo kunye / okanye iimeko zempilo esele zikho. Oyena nobangela wokufa kwakhe, okt usuka kwintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane ayichazwanga.
• Urhulumente waseSwitzerland ubanga ukuba imeko kumazantsi eSwitzerland (ecaleni kwe-Itali) "iyothusa", ukanti oogqirha balapha uyikhanyele le kwaye wathi yonke into iqhelekile.
• Ngoku ka iingxelo zeendaba, iibhotile zeoksijini zinokunqaba. Isizathu, nangona kunjalo, ayisiyokusetyenziswa okuphezulu ngoku, kodwa endaweni yoko sigcina ngenxa yokoyika ukusilela kwexesha elizayo.
• Kumazwe amaninzi, sele ikhona ukwanda kokunqongophala Oogqirha nabongikazi. Oku ikakhulu kungenxa yokuba abasebenzi abakhathalela impilo kuvavanyo olufanelekileyo kufuneka bazimele bodwa, nangona iimeko ezininzi ziya kuhlala zingenampawu.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesibini ku-Matshi 22 (III)

• Imodeli evela kwiKholeji yase-Imperial yaseLondon yaxela kwangaphambili ukusweleka phakathi kwama-250,000 kunye nama-500,000 e-UK "asuka ku" Covid-19, kodwa ababhali besifundo ngoku ndivumile ukuba uninzi loku kusweleka ngekhe kongezwe, kodwa endaweni yenxalenye yesiqhelo sokufa kwabantu ngonyaka, e-UK malunga nabantu abangama-600,000 ngonyaka. Ngamanye amagama, ukusweleka okugqithisileyo kuya kuhlala kusezantsi.
• UGqirha David Katz, umlawuli osungula iZiko loPhando nge-Yale University, ubuza kwi ENew York Times: „Ngaba umlo wethu wokulwa neCoronavirus umbi kunesi sifo? Zingakho iindlela ekujoliswe kuzo zokubetha ubhubhane.
• Ngoku ka Unjingalwazi wase-Italiya uWalter Ricciardi, "Kuphela yi-12% yezatifikethi zokufa eziye zabonisa imeko ethe ngqo evela kwi-coronavirus"Ngelixa kwiingxelo zasesidlangalaleni "bonke abantu abasweleka ezibhedlele abane-coronavirus babonwa njengababulawa yicoronona". Oku kuthetha ukuba amanani okusweleka e-Italiya axelwe ngamajelo eendaba kufuneka ancitshiswe ngu ubuncinci benqaku le-8 ukufumana ukufa okwenene yenziwe ngu intsholongwane. Yiyo ke le nto iphela ikukufa kwabantu abambalwa ngemini, xa kuthelekiswa nokufa kwabantu yonke imihla kwabantu abangama-1800 abaswelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20,000 yokufa komkhuhlane ngonyaka.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 23 (I)

• Isifundo esitsha saseFrance kwiJenali yeeAntimicrobial Agents, ezinesihloko I-SARS-CoV-2: uloyiko xa kuthelekiswa nedatha, uqukumbela ngelithi "ingxaki ye-SARS-CoV-2 mhlawumbi igqithisiwe", kuba rate izinga lokusweleka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 lahlukile kakhulu kuleyo yee-coronaviruses eziqhelekileyo ezichongwe kwisibhedlele sophando eFrance ".
• An Isifundo sase-Itali ngo-Agasti 2019 yafumanisa ukuba ukusweleka komkhuhlane e-Italiya kwakuphakathi kwama-7,000 kunye nama-25,000 kule minyaka idlulileyo. Eli xabiso liphezulu kunamanye amazwe aseYurophu ngenxa yenani labantu abadala e-Itali, kwaye liphezulu kakhulu kunayo nayiphi na into enikwe iCovid-19 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
• Kwi iphepha elitsha lezintoUmbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi uxela ukuba i-Covid-19 iyasasazeka icotha, ayikhawulezi, ngaphezu komkhuhlane ngento emalunga nama-50%. Ngaphaya koko, ukuhanjiswa kwangaphambi kwempawu kubonakala ngathi kusezantsi kakhulu ngeCovid-19 kunesifo somkhuhlane.
• Ugqirha ophambili wase-Italiya uxela oko "Iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zenyumoniya" zabonwa kwingingqi yeLombardy sele ngoNovemba 2019, ukuphakamisa umbuzo kwakhona ukuba zibangelwe yintsholongwane entsha (eyathi yavela ngokusemthethweni e-Italiya ngoFebruwari 2020), okanye ngezinye izinto, ezinje nge amanqanaba aphezulu okutshaya eMantla e-Itali.
• Umphandi waseDenmark uPeter Gøtzsche, umseki weCochrane Medical Collaboration, ubhala ukuba uCorona ngu isubhubhane wesoyikiso"Kwaye" ingqiqo "yenye yexhoba lokuqala."

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 23 (II)

• Owayesakuba nguMphathiswa Wezempilo kwa-Israyeli, uNjingalwazi Yoram Lass, utsho oko i-coronavirus entsha "inobungozi obungaphantsi komkhuhlane" kwaye amanyathelo okutshixa „aya kubulala abantu abaninzi kunentsholongwane". Wongeza athi "la manani ahambelani nokoyika" kwaye "isayikholojekhthi yoyisa inzululwazi". Ukwaphawule ukuba „i-Itali yaziwa ngokugula kakhulu kwiingxaki zokuphefumla, ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu kulo naliphi na ilizwe laseYurophu.
• UPietro Vernazza, ingcali yesifo esosulelayo eSwitzerland, uthi uninzi lwamanyathelo abekiweyo ayisekelwanga kwinzululwazi kwaye kufuneka ibuyiselwe umva. NgokukaVernazza, ukuvavanywa kobunzima akunangqondo kuba i-90% yabemi ayizukubona zimpawu, kwaye ukuvalwa kwezikolo kunye nokuvalwa kwezikolo "akunampumelelo". Ucebisa ngokukhusela kuphela amaqela anobungozi ngelixa ugcina uqoqosho kunye noluntu ngokubanzi lungaphazanyiswa.
• UMongameli we-World Doctors Federation, uFrank Ulrich Montgomery, uphikisa ukuba Amanyathelo okutshixa njengase-Italiya "awanangqiqo" kwaye "anemveliso" kwaye kufuneka abuyiselwe umva.
• ISwitzerland: Ngaphandle koloyiko lwamajelo eendaba, ukusweleka okugqithileyo kusekho okanye kufutshane ne-zero: uvavanyo lokugqibela olunamandla "Amaxhoba" bebeyi-96yo kukhathalelo lokuthomalalisa kunye ne-97yo eneemeko esele zikho.

Matshi 24, 2020

• I-UK iyisusile i-Covid19 kuluhlu olusemthethweni lweZiphumo eziSebenzayo eziSulelayo (i-HCID), isithi amazinga okusweleka "Ephantsi ngokubanzi".
• Umlawuli weZiko lezeMpilo leJamani (i-RKI) avunywa ukubala konke ukubhubha kovavanyo, nokuba ngowuphi oyena nobangela wokufa, njenge "coronavirus ukufa". Umndilili weminyaka yomntu oswelekileyo yiminyaka engama-82, uninzi lwayo lunemiqathango ebanzi. Njengakwamanye amazwe amaninzi, ukusweleka okungaphezulu ngenxa yeCovid19 kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe kufutshane zero eJamani.
• Iibhedi kwiiyunithi zononophelo olunzulu zaseSwitzerland ezigcinelwe abaguli beCovid19 zisekhona "Ikakhulu ayinanto".
• UNjingalwazi waseJamani uKarin Moelling, owayesakuba nguSihlalo we-Medical Virology kwiYunivesithi yaseZurich, wathi kwi udliwanondlebe ukuba iCovid19 "ayikho intsholongwane ebulalayo" kwaye "uvalo maluphele".

Matshi 25, 2020

• Ingcali yezomzimba yaseJamani kunye nengcali yezetyhefu, uNjingalwazi Stefan Hockertz, uyacacisa udliwano-ntanethi ukuba i-Covid19 ayinabungozi ngaphezu komkhuhlane (umkhuhlane), kodwa iyajongwa kakhulu ngakumbi. Into eyingozi ngaphezu kwale ntsholongwane luloyiko kunye noloyiko olwenziwa ngamajelo eendaba kunye "nolawulo lobuzwilakhe" loorhulumente abaninzi. UNjingalwazi Hockertz ukwaphawula ukuba uninzi lwabantu ekuthiwa kukufa kwe-corona “lubulewe zezinye izizathu ngelixa kuvavanywa i-coronaviruses. U-Hockertz ukholelwa ukuba ukuya kuthi ga kulishumi kunabantu abachaziweyo sele benayo i-Covid19 kodwa khange babone nto okanye kuncinci kakhulu.
• I-virologist yaseArgentina kunye nengcali yamachiza uPablo Goldschmidt ucacisa ukuba iCovid19 ayinabungozi ngaphezu komkhuhlane ombi okanye umkhuhlane. Kungenzeka ukuba intsholongwane yeCovid19 isasazeke sele ikwiminyaka engaphambili, kodwa ayifumanekanga kuba akukho mntu wayikhangela. UGqirha Goldschmidt uthetha "uloyiko lwehlabathi" olwenziwe ngamajelo eendaba kunye nezopolitiko. Unyaka nonyaka, uthi, zizigidi ezithathu ezizelweyo ezisanda kuzalwa kwihlabathi kunye nabantu abadala abangama-50,000 XNUMX e-US kuphela ababulawa yinyumoniya.
• UNjingalwazi uMartin Exner, intloko yeziko lezempilo kwiYunivesithi yaseBonn, Ucacisa kudliwanondlebe kutheni abasebenzi bezempilo baphantsi koxinzelelo, nangona kungakhange kubekho lwando kwinani lezigulana zaseJamani ukuza kuthi ga ngoku: Kwelinye icala, oogqirha nabongikazi abavavanywe ukuba benesifo kufuneka babekelwe bodwa kwaye kuhlala kunzima ukubabuyisela. Kwelinye icala, abongikazi abavela kumazwe angabamelwane, ababonelela ngendawo ebalulekileyo yokhathalelo, okwangoku abanako ukungena kweli lizwe ngenxa yemida evaliweyo.
• UNjingalwazi Julian Nida-Ruemelin, owayesakuba ngu-Mphathiswa weSizwe waseJamani weNkcubeko kunye noNjingalwazi weenqobo ezisesikweni, bonisa ukuba i-Covid19 ayibeki mngcipheko kubemi ngokubanzi abasempilweni kwaye amanyathelo agqithisileyo afana nokubekelwa ixesha lokufika emva kwexesha akafanelekanga.
• Usebenzisa idatha esuka kwinqanawa ye-Diamond Princess, uSolwazi waseStanford uJohn Ioannidis bonise ukuba ubulungisa obulungiswe ngokobudala beCovid19 buphakathi kwe-0.025% kunye ne-0.625%, okt kuluhlu lomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane. Ngapha koko, a Isifundo saseJapan ibonise ukuba kubo bonke abakhweli abavavanyiweyo, kwaye ngaphandle komndilili ophezulu, i-48% ishiyekile engenampawu kwaphela; even phakathi kweminyaka engama-80-89 abaneminyaka engama-48% bahlala bengenazo iimpawu, ngelixa phakathi kweminyaka engama-70 ukuya kuma-79 ubudala kwakuyinto emangalisayo ye-60% engakhange ifumane mpawu kwaphela. Oku kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuba ingaba izifo esele zikho ayisiyonto ibaluleke ngakumbi kunentsholongwane uqobo. Umzekelo wase-Italiya ubonakalisile oko I-99% yokufa okuvavanyweyo inemeko enye okanye ezingaphezulu esele zikho, kwaye naphakathi kwezi, kuphela Iipesenti ezili-12 zezatifikethi zokufa I-Covid19 ikhankanywe njengeyona nto ibangela.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 26 (I)

• i-USA: I idatha yakutshanje yaseMelika ka-Matshi 25 ibonisa inani elinciphileyo lezifo ezinje ngomkhuhlane kwilizwe liphela, ubuninzi bazo ngoku bungaphantsi komndilili weminyaka. Amanyathelo karhulumente anokukhutshwa njengesizathu soku, njengoko bezisebenza ixesha elingaphantsi kweveki.

I-USA: Ukuncipha kwezifo ezinje ngomkhuhlane (nge-25 Matshi 2020, KINSA)

• Jemani : I Ingxelo yomkhuhlane yakutshanje waseJamani uRobert Koch Institute ka-Matshi 24 uxwebhu "ukwehla kwilizwe liphela kwizifo zezifo zokuphefumla": Inani lezifo ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye nenani lokuhlala esibhedlele okubangelwa ngabo lingaphantsi kwenqanaba leminyaka edlulileyo kwaye ngoku liyaqhubeka ukuhla. I-RKI iyaqhubeka: „Ukwanda kwenani lotyelelo kugqirha akunakuchazwa okwangoku ziintsholongwane zomkhuhlane ezijikeleza kubemi okanye yi-SARS-CoV-2.

IJamani: Ukuncipha kwezifo ezinje ngomkhuhlane (nge-20 Matshi 2020, RKI)

• ElamaTaliyane: I-virologist eyaziwayo yase-Italiya uGiulio Tarro echaza Iqondo lokufa kweCovid19 lingaphantsi kwe-1% nkqu nase-Italiya kwaye ke yiyo loo nto ithelekiswa nomkhuhlane. Amaxabiso aphezulu avela kuphela kuba akukho mahluko wenziweyo phakathi kokufa kunye no-Covid19 kwaye ngenxa yokuba inani labantu (abangenazimpawu) abasulelekileyo lijongelwa phantsi kakhulu.
• UKAbabhali besifundo seKholeji yase-Imperial yase-Bhritane, abaqikelele ukuya kuthi ga kwi-500,000 yokufa, bayaphinda banciphisa uqikelelo lwabo. Emva koko zivuma ukuba inani elikhulu lokusweleka kuvavanyo oluyinxalenye yokufa okuqhelekileyo, ngoku zichaza ukuba incopho yesi sifo inokufikelelwa kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu sele sele.
• UK: Umgcini waseBritane ingxelo ngoFebruwari 2019 ukuba nakwixesha elibuthathaka ngokubanzi lomkhuhlane i-2018/2019 bekukho ngaphezulu kwe-2180 yokwamkelwa okunxulumene nomkhuhlane kwiiyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu e-UK.
• SwizalendESwitzerland, ukusweleka okugqithileyo ngenxa yeCovid19 kubonakala kusese zero. Ixhoba "elibulalayo" lakutshanje elinikwa ngamajelo eendaba li Umfazi oneminyaka eli-100 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente waseSwitzerland uyaqhubeka nokuqinisa amanyathelo othintelo.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 26 (II)

• SwidenISweden ngoku ilandele esona sicwangciso sikhululekileyo sokujongana neCovid19, eyi esekwe kwimigaqo emibiniAmaqela omngcipheko akhuselekile kwaye abantu abaneempawu zomkhuhlane bahlala ekhaya. Ukuba uyayilandela le mithetho mibini, akukho mfuneko yamanyathelo amanye, isiphumo sawo sisecaleni kuphela, utshilo ugqirha oyintloko wezifo uAnders Tegnell. Intlalo noqoqosho ziya kuqhubeka ngokwesiqhelo. Ukungxamiseka okukhulu kwezibhedlele ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kusilele ukwenzeka, utshilo uTegnell.
• Ingcali yezomthetho nomgaqo-siseko waseJamani uGqirha Jessica Hamed uphikisa ukuba Amanyathelo afana nokubekelwa ixesha lokufika kunye nokuvalwa kokunxibelelana kukungenelela okukhulu nangokungalinganiyo kumalungelo asisiseko enkululeko kwaye ngenxa yoko "bonke abakho mthethweni".
• The Ingxelo yakutshanje yokubeka esweni yaseYurophu Ekufeni ngokubanzi kuyaqhubeka ukubonisa amaxabiso aqhelekileyo okanye angaphantsi komndilili kuwo onke amazwe nakwiminyaka yonke yobudala, kodwa ngoku nge eyodwa ngaphandle: kwiqela elineminyaka engama-65 + e-Italiya kusanda kuqatshelwa inani labantu abaswelekileyo (oko kubizwa ngokuba kukulibaziseka okulungelelanisiweyo z-amanqaku), oko kukuthi, nangona kunjalo, isezantsi kwamaxabiso amaza omkhuhlane we-2017 kunye ne-2018.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 27 (I)

ElamaTaliyane: Ngokwe- idatha yakutshanje epapashwe nguMphathiswa Wezempilo wase-Italiya, ukusweleka ngokubanzi ngoku kuphakame kakhulu kuwo onke amaqela eminyaka engaphezulu kwe-65 yeminyaka ubudala, emva kokuba kungaphantsi komndilili ngenxa yobusika obumnene. Kude kube ngo-Matshi 14, ukusweleka kwabantu bebonke bekusezantsi komkhuhlane we-2016/2017, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba sele bekugqithile okwangoku. Uninzi loku kusweleka ngokugqithileyo ngoku luvela emantla e-Itali. Nangona kunjalo, eyona ndima yeCovid19, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezinje ngexhala, ukuwa kokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nokutshixwa kwayo, akukacaci.

Fransi : Ngoku ka idatha yakutshanje evela eFrance, Ukufa ngokubanzi kwinqanaba likazwelonke kuhlala kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo emva kwexesha lesifo somkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, kweminye imimandla, ngakumbi emantla-mpuma e-France, ukusweleka ngokubanzi kwiqela elingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 sele kukhulile kakhulu ngokunxulumene neCovid19 (jonga umfanekiso ongezantsi).

IFransi ikwabonelela ulwazi oluneenkcukacha kulwabiwo lobudala kunye neemeko esele zikho zovavanyo lwezigulana ezinyamekela abaguli kunye nezigulana ezingasekhoyo (jonga inani elingezantsi):

• Umndilili weminyaka ye umfi yiminyaka engama-81.2.
• I-78% yabangasekhoyo ingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-75 ubudala; Iipesenti ezingama-93 zingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• I-2.4% yabangasekhoyo bebengaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kwaye bebengenasifo (saziwayo) sangaphambili
• Umndilili wobudala be abaguli abagula kakhulu yiminyaka engama-65.
• I-26% yezigulana ezigula kakhulu zingaphaya kweminyaka engama-75 ubudala; Iipesenti ezingama-67 zinezigulo zangaphambili.
• I-17% yezigulana ezigula kakhulu zingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kwaye azinakho kugula ngaphambili.

Abasemagunyeni baseFrance bongeze ngelithi "isabelo sesibhubhane (Covid-19) kwindyikityha yokufa kwabantu sisazokuchazwa."

i-USA: Umphandi uStephen McIntyre uvavanyile idatha esemthethweni ngokusweleka kwi-pneumonia e-US. Ngokwesiqhelo kukho ukusweleka phakathi kwe-3000 kunye ne-5500 yokufa ngeveki kwaye ke ngoku kubaluleke kakhulu kunamanani akhoyo eCovid19. Inkqubo ye- Inani lilonke yokusweleka e-US kuphakathi kwama-50,000 kunye nama-60,000 ngeveki. (Qaphela: Kwigrafu engezantsi, amanani akutshanje ngo-Matshi 2020 awakahlaziywa ngokupheleleyo, ke ngoku ijika liyatyibilika).

Igreat Britain:

• UNeil Ferguson weKholeji yaseImperial yaseLondon ngoku ithatha ukuba i-UK inesakhono esaneleyo kwiiyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu ukunyanga abaguli beCovid19.
• UJohn Lee, uNjingalwazi uPhononongo lwePathology, uphikisa ukuba indlela ethile ekubhaliswe ngayo amatyala e-Covid-19 ikhokelela ekuvezeni ubungozi obubangelwa yi-Covid19 xa kuthelekiswa nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye neemeko ezibandayo.

Ezinye izihloko:

• A isifundo sokuqala ngabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford babonisa ukuba i-20 ukuya kwi-25% yezigulana ezine-Covid19 ziye zavavanywa zongezelelekile kwezinye izifo zomkhuhlane okanye ukubanda.
• Inani lezicelo zeinshurensi yentswela-ngqesho e-US linyuke laya kwirekhodi ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezithathu. Kule meko, kubukhali ukwanda kokuzibulala kulindeleke kanjalo.
• Isigulana sokuqala esinovavanyo eJamani ngoku sifumene kwakhona. Ngokwengxelo yakhe, indoda eneminyaka engama-33 ubudala yayikhe yafumana ukugula "Ayibi mbi njengomkhuhlane".
• Imithombo yeendaba yaseSpain umbiko Uvavanyo lwe-antibody olukhawulezileyo lwe-Covid19 lunobuntununtunu be-30%, nangona kufanele ukuba ubuncinci lube ngama-80%.
• A ukufundwa e-China kwi-2003 uqukumbele ngelithi amathuba okusweleka kwi-SARS ngama-84% aphezulu kubantu abachaphazeleke kukungcoliseka komoya okumodareyitha kunezigulana ezivela kwimimandla enomoya ococekileyo. Umngcipheko ungaphezulu ngama-200% aphezulu kubantu abavela kwiindawo ezinomoya ongcolileyo.
• Inethiwekhi yaseJamani yoNyango olusekwe kubungqina (i-EbM) ugxeka ingxelo yeendaba Kwi-Covid19: coverage Usasazo lweendaba aluthatheli ngqalelo nayiphi na indlela yokunxibelelana nomngcipheko osekwe kubungqina esiye sayifuna. () Ukunikezelwa kwedatha eluhlaza ngaphandle kokubhekisa kwezinye izizathu zokufa kukhokelela kukugcwala komngcipheko ".

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 27 (II)

• Umphandi waseJamani uGqirha Richard Capek Uxoxa ngohlalutyo lobungakanani ukuba "ubhubhane weCorona", "ungubhubhane wovavanyo". UCapek ubonakalisa ukuba ngelixa inani lovavanyo lonyuke kakhulu, inani losulelo lihleli lizinzile kwaye ukufa kuye kwancipha. chasene ukusasazeka okubonakalayo kwentsholongwane uqobo (jonga ngezantsi).
• Unjingalwazi weVirology waseJamani uGqirha Carsten Scheller ovela kwiDyunivesithi yaseWurzburg Icacisa kwipodcast ukuba i-Covid19 iyafana ngokuthe ngqo nomkhuhlane kwaye kude kube ngoku kukhokelele ekufeni kwabantu abambalwa. UNjingalwazi Scheller urhanela ukuba amagophe abonisa ngokufuthi aboniswa kumajelo eendaba anento yokwenza ne ukwanda kwenani leemvavanyo kunokuba kunwenwe ngokungaqhelekanga kwintsholongwane uqobo. Kumazwe afana neJamani, i-Itali ayingomntu ongumzekelo kuneJapan ne-South Korea. Ngaphandle kwezigidi zabakhenkethi baseTshayina kunye nezithintelo ezimbalwa zentlalo, la mazwe awakafumani ngxaki yeCovid19. Esinye isizathu soku inokuba kukunxiba iimaski zomlomo: Oku akunakukhusela kusulelo, kodwa kuya kuthintela ukusasazeka kwintsholongwane ngabantu abosulelekileyo.
• The amanani amva nje eBergamo (isixeko) bonisa ukuba ukusweleka okupheleleyo ngo-Matshi 2020 kunyuke ukusuka kubantu abangama-150 ngenyanga ukuya kubantu abangama-450. Akukacaci ukuba loluphi ulinganiselo loku olwalungenxa yeCovid19 kwaye loluphi uhlobo olwalungenxa yezinye izinto ezinje ngokoyikisela okukhulu, ukuwa kwenkqubo kunye nokutshixwa kwaso. Kuyabonakala ukuba isibhedlele sedolophu sigqunywe ngabantu abavela kulo mmandla wonke saza sawa.
• Oonjingalwazi bobabini bezonyango eStanford, uGqirha Eran Bendavid kunye noGqirha Jay Bhattacharya, bayacacisa kwinqaku ukuba ubungozi beCovid19 butshiwe ngaphezulu ngokwemiyalelo eliqela yobukhulu kwaye ikwakhona nase-Italiya kuphela kwi-0.01% ukuya kwi-0.06% kwaye ngenxa yoko ingaphantsi komkhuhlane. Isizathu sale overestimation linani elijongelwe phantsi kakhulu labantu esele benesifo (ngaphandle kweempawu). Njengomzekelo, uluntu oluvavanywe ngokupheleleyo lwase-Itali lweVo lukhankanyiwe, olwabonisa I-50 ukuya kwi-75% yovavanyo olungenampawu abantu.
• UGqirha Gerald Gaß, uMongameli we-German Hospital Association, ucacisile kwi Udliwanondlebe neHandelsblatt ukuba "imeko egqithileyo e-Italiya ikakhulu ibangelwa kukunyanzeliswa okukhulu kakhulu".
• UGqr.Wolfgang Wodarg, enye ye abagxeki bokuqala kunye nelizwi "Covid19 panic", yayingu ayifakwanga okwethutyana ngebhodi ye Ukubonisa ngaphaya eJamani, apho wakhokela khona iqela elisebenza ngezempilo. UWodarg wayesele ehlaselwe kanobom ngamajelo eendaba ngokugxeka kwakhe.
• I-NSA whistleblower u-Edward Snowden ilumkisa ukuba Oorhulumente basebenzisa imeko yangoku ukwandisa imeko yokujonga kunye nokuthintela amalungelo asisiseko. Amanyathelo olawulo abekiweyo ngoku ngekhe apheliswe emva kwengxaki.

 

Inani elonyukayo leemvavanyo lifumana ngokulinganayo inani losulelo, umyinge uhlala rhoqo, Ndithatha chasene ubhubhane oqhubekayo wentsholongwane (uGqirha Richard Capek, idatha yase-US)

Matshi 28, 2020

• A isifundo esitsha yiDyunivesithi yaseOxford iphetha ukuba i-Covid19 isenokuba sele ikhona e-UK ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2020 kwaye isiqingatha sabantu sinokuba sele sigonyiwe, uninzi lwabantu lungafumani zimpawu okanye zincinci. Oku kuya kuthetha ukuba Umntu omnye kuphela ewakeni Kuya kufuneka ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ngenxa yeCovid19. (Study)
• Imithombo yeendaba yaseBritane ingxelo Umfazi oneminyaka engama-21 „owasweleka ngenxa yeCovid19 ngaphandle kokugula ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, isusela ngoko yaziwe ukuba umfazi akazange avavanye ukuba une-Covid19 kwaye wasweleka ngenxa yokusilela kwentliziyo. Amarhe eCovid19 aye avela "kuba wayekhohlele kancinci".
• Isazinzulu seendaba saseJamani uNjingalwazi u-Otfried Jarren wayigxeka loo mininzi yeendaba ukubonelela ngobuntatheli obungenangqondo egxininisa izoyikiso kunye namandla olawulo. NgokukaNjingalwazi uJarren, akukho mahluko phakathi kwempikiswano phakathi kweengcali.

Matshi 29, 2020

• UGqr Sucharit Bhakdi, uNjingalwazi u-Emeritus we-Medical Microbiology e-Mainz, eJamani, wabhala Ileta evulekileyo eya kwiNgqonyela yaseJamani uGqr Angela Merkel, Ndifuna ukuphononongwa ngokukhawuleza kwempendulo kwiCovid19 kwaye ndibuze iKhansela imibuzo emihlanu ebalulekileyo.
• The idatha yakutshanje evela kwiJamani Robert Koch Institute bonisa ukuba ukwanda kwabantu abane-test kulingana nokwanda kwenani leemvavanyo, okt ngokweepesenti ihlala ihleli ngokufanayo. Oku kungabonisa ukuba ukwanda kwenani lamatyala ikakhulu kubangelwa kukonyuka kwenani leemvavanyo, kwaye kungengenxa yesifo esiqhubekayo.
• Ingcali ye-Microbiologist uMaria Rita Gismondo umnxeba kurhulumente wase-Itali ukuyeka ukunxibelelana nenani lemihla ngemihla ye-"corona positives" njengoko la manani "engeyonyani" kwaye ebeka abantu kuphanyo olungeyomfuneko. Inani lovavanyo lokujonga okuhle lixhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo kunye nenani leemvavanyo kwaye ayithethi nto ngemeko yezempilo.
• Ugqirha John Ioannidis, Uprofesa waseStanford wezoNyango kunye ne-Epidemiology, unike ubunzulu Udliwanondlebe lweyure enye kukusilela kwedatha yamanyathelo eCovid19.
• Ingcali yentsholongwane yaseArgentina uPablo Goldschmidt, ohlala eFrance, uyithatha njengempembelelo kwezopolitiko kwiCovid19 "njengezibaxekileyo ngokupheleleyo" kwaye elumkisa ngokuchasene "Amanyathelo angoozwilakhe". Kwiindawo zaseFrance, ukuhamba kwabantu sele kubekwe iliso ziidrones.
• Umbhali wase-Itali uFulvio Grimaldi, owazalwa ngo-1934, ucacisa ukuba amanyathelo karhulumente okwangoku asetyenziswa e-Italiya "Kubi kakhulu kunaphantsi kolawulo lwamaFascism". IPalamente noluntu abanamagunya ngokupheleleyo.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 30 (I)

• EJamani, ezinye iikliniki azinako ukwamkela izigulana- hayi kuba zininzi kakhulu izigulana okanye zimbalwa iibhedi, kodwa kuba abasebenzi bokonga bavavanyile ukuba banayo, nangona kwiimeko ezininzi kungakhange kubonise naziphi na iimpawu. Eli tyala libonisa kwakhona ukuba kutheni kwaye kutheni iinkqubo zokhathalelo lwempilo zikhubazeka.
• Kwindawo yokuhlala umhlala-phantsi kunye nekhaya labalupheleyo abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo, abantu abayi-15 abanesifo bafe. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi baswelekile ngaphandle kokubonisa iimpawu zekorona"Ingcali yezonyango yaseJamani iyasazisa:„ Ngokombono wam wezonyango, bukhona ubungqina bokuba abanye baba bantu kungenzeka babhubha ngenxa yamanyathelo athathiweyo. Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo baba noxinzelelo oluphezulu xa kusenziwa iinguqulelo ezinkulu kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla: ukuhlala bodwa, ukungadibani nomzimba, mhlawumbi nabasebenzi abanesigqubuthelo sento. Ngokunxulumene nengxaki "yecorona", ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba usweleke ngenxa yokugula ngaphandle kokubonisa iimpawu zayo.
• Ngoku ka ugqirha wamayeza waseSwitzerland, iSwitzerland Inselspital eBern inyanzelise abasebenzi ukuba bathathe ikhefu, bayeke unyango kwaye bayimisa imisebenzi ngenxa yokoyika iCovid19.
• Unjingalwazi Gérard Krause, intloko yeSebe le-Epidemiology kwiziko laseJamani i-Helmholtz Centre yoPhando lwezifo, ulumkisa kumabonwakude wase-ZDF ukuba i-anti-corona amanyathelo „kunokukhokelela ekufeni okungaphezulu kunentsholongwane uqobo".
• Imithombo yeendaba eyahlukeneyo yaxela ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-50 oogqirha e-Italiya sele beswelekile "ngexesha lobunzima be-corona", njengamajoni emfazweni. Ukujonga kwi uluhlu oluhambelanayo, nangona kunjalo, ibonisa ukuba uninzi lwabangasekhoyo ngoogqirha abadla umhlala-phantsi beentlobo ngeentlobo, kubandakanya oogqirha bengqondo abaneminyaka engama-90 kunye noogqirha babantwana, uninzi lwabo olunokuba lubulewe zizinto zendalo.
• An uphando olubanzi e-Iceland bafumanise ukuba ama-50% abo bonke abantu abane-test abonakalise "akukho zimpawu" kwaphela, ngelixa enye i-50% ubukhulu becala ibonakalise "iimpawu zobushushu obuphakathi kakhulu". Ngokwedatha ye-Icelandic, inqanaba lokufa kweCovid19 ikwi nge mille nganye Uluhlu, okt kuluhlu lomkhuhlane okanye ngezantsi. Kwezi zimbini zovavanyo ukufa, omnye "wayengumkhenkethi oneempawu ezingaqhelekanga". (Iinkcukacha ezithe kratya kwi-Icelandic)
• Intatheli yaseBritane yemihla ngemihla uPeter Hitchens ubhalaKukho ubungqina obunamandla bokuba olu loyiko lukhulu bubudenge. Kodwa inkululeko yethu isaphulwe kwaye noqoqosho lwethu lukhubazekile. ukubeka iliso kunye nengxelo "Ezingabalulekanga" ukuhamba kwindalo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iidrones zamapolisa zi ukubiza abantu ngesandisi-lizwi ukugoduka ukuze "usindise ubomi". (Qaphela: Nokuba uGeorge Orwell akakhange ayicinge le kude ngaphambili.)
• Inkonzo eyimfihlo yase-Itali ulumkisa izidubedube zentlalo nezidubedube. Iivenkile ezinkulu sele ziphangiwe kwaye kugqogqwa iikhemesti.
• UNjingalwazi Sucharit Bhakdi okwangoku Ipapashe ividiyo (IsiJamani / isiNgesi) apho achaza khona eyakhe Ileta evulekileyo kuKhansela waseJamani uGqirha Angela Merkel.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 30 (II)

Kumazwe aliqela, kukho ubungqina obandayo ngokunxulumene neCovid19 bokuba "unyango lunokuba mbi kunesifo".

Kwelinye icala, kukho umngcipheko ekuthiwa-njalo nosocomial usulelo, okt usulelo isigulana, esinokuthi sigule kancinci, silufumane esibhedlele. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho malunga ne-2.5 yezigidi zosulelo lososomom kunye nokufa kwama-50,000 15 ngonyaka eYurophu. Nokuba kwiiyunithi zononophelo zaseJamani, malunga neepesenti ezili-XNUMX zezigulana zifumana usulelo lwe-nosocomial, kubandakanya inyumoniya ekuphefumlweni okungekuko. Kukwakho nengxaki yokwanda kweentsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo ezibhedlele.

Enye into ngokuqinisekileyo ineenjongo ezintle kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iindlela zonyango ezinoburharha ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizigulana zeCovid19. Oku kubandakanya, ngakumbi, ukulawulwa kwee-steroids, ii-antibiotics kunye neziyobisi ezichasayo (okanye indibaniselwano yazo). Sele kunyango lwe-SARS-1 yezigulana, kubonisiwe ukuba isiphumo kunye Unyango olunjalo lwalunjalo zihlala zibi kakhulu kwaye zibulala ngakumbi ngaphandle konyango olunjalo.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 31 (I)

UGqirha Richard Capek nabanye abaphandi sele ibonakalisile ukuba inani labantu abane-HIV abanxulumene nenani leemvavanyo ezenziweyo ihlala ihleli kuwo onke amazwe afundwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, othethayo chasene ukusasazeka okubonakalayo ("ubhubhane") wentsholongwane kwaye kubonisa ukonyuka okubonakalayo kwenani leemvavanyo.

Kuxhomekeka kwilizwe, inani labantu abane-test liphakathi kwe-5 ne-15%, ehambelana nokusasazeka kwesiqhelo kwee-coronaviruses. Into enomdla kukuba, la maxabiso aqhubekayo awanakwaziswa (okanye isuswe) ngabasemagunyeni nakumajelo eendaba. Endaweni yoko, ii-curve ezibonakalayo kodwa ezingabalulekanga kunye nezilahlekisayo ziboniswa ngaphandle komxholo.

Ukuziphatha okunjalo, ewe, akuhambelani nemigangatho yezobuchwephesha, njengokujonga kwendabuko ingxelo yomkhuhlane weJamani Robert Koch Institute uyayicacisa (iphe. 130, jonga itshati engezantsi). Apha, ukongeza kwinani lokufunyanwa (ngasekunene), inani leesampulu (ekhohlo, imivalo engwevu) kunye nenqanaba elifanelekileyo (lasekhohlo, igophe eliluhlaza) kubonisiwe.

Oku kwangoko kubonisa ukuba ngexesha lomkhuhlane inqanaba elinyukayo lenyuka ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-10% ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80% yeesampulu kwaye yehle ibuyele kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. Xa kuthelekiswa, iimvavanyo zeCovid19 zibonisa inqanaba eliqinisekileyo lokuma okuhle kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo (jonga ngezantsi).

I-Constant Covid19-inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokusebenzisa idatha yase-US (uGqirha Richard Capek). Oku kusebenza ngokufanayo kuwo onke amanye amazwe apho idatha yenani leesampulu ikhoyo ngoku.

Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ku-Matshi 31 (II)

• A Uhlalutyo lwemifanekiso yedatha yokubeka esweni yaseYurophu ibonisa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukuba, ngaphandle kwamanyathelo athathiweyo, ukusweleka kwabantu ngokubanzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu kwahlala kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo okanye ngezantsi kuka-Matshi 25, kwaye bahlala bephantsi kakhulu kwemigangatho yeminyaka edlulileyo. Kuphela e-Italiya (65+) apho izinga lokufa liphela lakonyuka (mhlawumbi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi), kodwa lalisezantsi amaxesha onyaka omkhuhlane.
• Umongameli waseJamani uRobert Koch Institute uqinisekisile kwakhona ukuba iimeko ebezikho ngaphambili kunye noyena nobangela wokufa musa ukudlala indima kwinkcazo yoko kubizwa ngokuba kukufa kwe-"corona". Ukusuka kwimbono yezonyango, inkcazo enjalo iyalahlekisa ngokucacileyo. Inefuthe elicacileyo nelaziwayo lokubeka ezopolitiko kunye noluntu kwindawo yokoyika.
  • E-Itali imeko ngoku eqala ukuzola. Ngokwazi, ukonyuka okwethutyana kwabantu ababhubhileyo (65+) yayiziziphumo zalapha ekhaya, zihlala zikhatshwa kukothuka okukhulu kunye nokuphazamiseka kukhathalelo lwempilo. Ipolitiki evela emantla e-Itali ibuza, umzekelo, "kwenzeka njani ukuba izigulana zikaCovid ezivela eBrescia zithuthwe ziye eJamani, ngelixa eVerona kufutshane isibini kwisithathu seebhedi zabagula kakhulu singenanto?"
• Kwinqaku elipapashwe kwi Ijenali yaseYurophu yoPhando lwezeKliniki, Unjingalwazi wamayeza eStanford uJohn C. Ioannidis ugxeka "ukwenzakala kolwazi olubaxwayo kunye namanyathelo angekho kubungqina". Nkqu neejenali zazipapashe amabango athandabuzekayo ekuqaleni.
• Isifundo saseTshayina esipapashwe kwi- Ijenali yaseTshayina ye-Epidemiology ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi, eyabonisa ukungathembeki kovavanyo lwe-Covid19 (malunga ne-50% yeziphumo ezibubuxoki kwizigulana ezingenasifo), sele irhoxisiwe. Umbhali ophambili wesifundo, umphathi wesikolo sezonyango, akazange afune ukunika isizathu sokurhoxa kwaye wathetha nge „into ebuthathaka„, Enokuthi ibonise uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko, njengoko intatheli ye-NPR yaphawula. Ezizimeleyo kolu phononongo, nangona kunjalo, ukungathembeki okubizwa ngokuba ziimvavanyo zentsholongwane ye-PCR kudala kwaziwa: Ngo-2006, umzekelo, usulelo oluninzi kwikhaya labongikazi laseCanada kunye ne-SARS coronaviruses "lwafunyanwa", oluthi kamva wajika waba ii-coronaviruses eziqhelekileyo ezibandayo (ezinokubulala namaqela abeka emngciphekweni).
• Ababhali be Ulawulo lwengozi yomnatha waseJamani kumngcipheko womnatha Thetha kuhlalutyo lweCovid19 "ukubhabha ngokungaboni" kunye "nokungonelanga kwedatha kunye nokuziphatha kwedatha". Endaweni yokufumana ngakumbi nangakumbi amanyathelo kunye nemilinganiselo, a isampuli emele iyimfuneko. „Ingqiqo kunye nomyinge" wamanyathelo kufuneka ubuzwe ngokunzulu.
• Udliwanondlebe lwaseSpain nodokotela wezilwanyana owaziwayo kwilizwe jikelele waseArgentina-waseFrance uPablo Goldschmidt yaguqulelwa kwisiJamani. UGoldschmidt uthathela ingqalelo amanyathelo anyanzelisiweyo ukuba abe yimpilo kwezonyango kwaye uphawula ukuba ngoku umntu kufuneka "afunde uHannah Arendt" ukuze aqonde "imvelaphi yobuzwilakhe".
• Inkulumbuso yaseHungary uViktor Orban, njengenye inkulumbuso kunye noomongameli ababephambi kwakhe ubukhulu becala ukungabi namandla ipalamente yaseHungary phantsi "komthetho ongxamisekileyo" kwaye ngoku unokulawula ngokusisiseko ngommiselo.

Okungakumbi kwiCoronavirus.

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