Amaxabiso aphezulu e-Rekhoda asoyikisayo emhlabeni ezigidi zabahambi abakhule beqhele ukubhabha ngenjongo yokonwaba kunye nezoshishino kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo.
Ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya e-USA kukhule ngesantya esiphindwe kahlanu ngokukhawuleza kunabemi ukusukela ngo-1978, xa ukupheliswa kommiselo kuqala kwavumela iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ukuba zikhuphisane ngokumisela amaxabiso azo kunye neendlela ngaphandle kwemvume karhulumente. Kunyaka ophelileyo, abakhweli abazizigidi ezingama-769 bakhwela iinqwelomoya zenqwelomoya zaseMelika.
Kodwa ngamaxabiso e-jet fuel angazange abonwe namhlanje, abaphathi beenqwelomoya kunye nabahlalutyi beenqwelomoya balumkisa ukuba ukonyuka okugqithileyo kuphela kunye nokucutha okumangalisayo kweenqwelomoya kuya kwenza ukuba ishishini likwazi ukuhlawulela i-2008 jet fuel bill iiprojekthi zeqela leenqwelomoya ziya kuba ngama-44% ngaphezulu kunonyaka ophelileyo. .
Ngeli xesha kunyaka ozayo, kunokubakho izihlalo ezingaphantsi kwe-20% ezifumanekayo ukuba abathwali baphendula kumaxabiso e-oyile ngaphezulu kwe-100 yeedola umphanda ngokusika iinqwelomoya ezininzi njengoko abahlalutyi bezokhuseleko abanjengoJamie Baker kaJPMorgan becebisa.
Oko kuya kufana nokuvala umthuthi olingana neAmerican Airlines, (AMR) eyona inkulu kwihlabathi, ethi, kunye nabathwali bayo bengingqi, isebenze iinqwelomoya ezingama-4,000 mihla le. Loo nto iyodwa inganyusa kakhulu imfuno kunye namaxabiso amatikiti enqwelomoya.
Kuya kubakho iinqwelomoya ezimbalwa zemihla ngemihla kwizixeko zabo bonke ubukhulu, iinqwelomoya ezigcwele imini yonke kunye nokuphazamiseka okungakumbi. Kuya kubakho iinqwelomoya ezimbalwa ezingamisiyo kunye nokuhamba ixesha elide phakathi kweenqwelomoya eziqhagamshelayo. Kwaye abakhenkethi ekudala beziphepha iinqwelomoya ngentsimbi yesi-6 kusasa okanye ngo-10 ebusuku basenokungabi nalo olunye ukhetho.
Ezo ntlobo zotshintsho kwindlela yokuhamba yabantu baseMelika zinokuphepheka: Ukutsiba okungaqhelekanga kumaxabiso epetroli kuqhutywa kukukhula kwemfuno kuqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza lwaseTshayina naseIndiya, ukungazinzi kwiVenezuela etyebileyo ngeoli, eNigeria, eIraq naseIran, intelekelelo yabatyali-mali. kunye nezinye izinto.
“Awunakukujongela phantsi ukonyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli kunye nendlela elitshintsha ngayo ishishini,” utshilo u-CEO weDelta Air Lines (DAL) uRichard Anderson, oqikelela ukuba amaxabiso amatikiti kuya kufuneka anyuke nge-15% ukuya kwi-20% ukuhlawulela iindleko zamafutha. .
Abathengi sele befumana isifitshane seendleko zohambo zekamva.
I-website ye-Travelocity ibika ukuba iintlawulo ngeli hlotyeni ukuya kwiindawo ezisibhozo ezithandwayo - kuquka iBoston, iNew York, iChicago, iSouth Florida, iDenver kunye neLos Angeles - inyuke ubuncinane kwi-18% ukususela ehlobo elidlulileyo.
Usapho lwabane luya kuhlawula iDelta Air Lines malunga ne-2,500 yeedola ukubhabha ukusuka eCincinnati ukuya eLos Angeles kweli hlobo ukuba bathenge amatikiti ngoku. Ukuba amaxabiso etikiti enyuka enye i-20%, njengoko u-Anderson ecebisa ukuba kufuneka, loo ntsapho iya kuhlawula malunga ne-3,000 yeedola.
"Abanye abakhenkethi bezolonwabo baya kunikwa amaxabiso" kwiinqwelomoya, utshilo uTom Parsons, i-CEO yewebhusayithi yokuhamba i-BestFares.com.
Kwiintsapho ezininzi, iiholide ngenqwelomoya ebekufikelelwe kuzo ngokwemali inokuba bubunewunewu obungafikelelekiyo, utshilo uParsons kunye nezinye iingcali zokuhamba.
Koosomashishini kunye namashishini amancinci, ukunyuka kweendleko zokuhamba kunokubathintela ekwenzeni iifowuni zokuthengisa ezikude ukuze bakhulise ishishini labo.
Iimarike ezincinci zisengozini
Izixeko ezincinci neziphakathi ngoku zisetyenziswa ikakhulu okanye zizonke zizihlalo ezingama-50 zeejethi zengingqi zinokuphela zineenqwelomoya ezimbalwa kakhulu suku ngalunye, kuba ngamaxabiso anamhlanje amafutha, neejethi ezincinci ezilayishwe ngokupheleleyo azizisi mali yaneleyo yokuthethelela inani elifanayo leenqwelomoya. .
Izixeko ezincinci ezineenqwelomoya ezimbalwa ngosuku zinokuba nexesha elinzima lokuziphakamisa njengeendawo ezilungileyo zeendibano, iifektri ezintsha okanye iiofisi zeshishini.
Umcebisi ngeenqwelomoya uMichael Boyd uthi: “Abahlali abayi kuphulukana nenkonzo yomoya ngokupheleleyo, kodwa baza kuphulukana nokufikelela kwinkonzo yomoya, kuba iza kuba nexabiso eliphezulu.
Ifuthe elibi leentlawulo eziphezulu kunye namazinga omthwalo womoya anokuchaphazela yonke inxalenye yezoqoqosho exhomekeke kwinkonzo yomoya.
Iindawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide, iihotele, iindlela zokuhamba ngenqanawa kunye neendawo zokuya endibanweni zinokuchaphazeleka. Ukhenketho, ngakumbi kumazwe anjengeFlorida, iNevada kunye neHawaii axhomekeke kuwo kakhulu, anokuthi achaphazeleke, wonakalise uqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokunciphisa iinkonzo zikarhulumente.
Amaxabiso epetroli aphezulu ejethi ancedise ekuhlanganiseni isivumelwano se-14 ka-Epreli phakathi kweDelta kunye neenqwelomoya zaseMntla-ntshona (NWA), ezitshatileyo ziya kuvelisa esona sithwali sikhulu sehlabathi.
IDelta kunye noMntla-ntshona bathembise ukuba abazukuvala naziphi na iindawo zabo zesikhululo seenqwelomoya ezisixhenxe ukuba abalawuli bomanyano bayasivuma isivumelwano sabo, kodwa bobabini sele becutha iinqwelomoya ezingenangeniso. Ukudityaniswa okungaphezulu kunokwenzeka - i-United kunye ne-US Airways ikwiintetho - kwindlela enokunciphisa ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabathwali.
"Iindlela zokuhamba ziza kutshintsha," uqikelela ukuba i-CEO yaseMntla-ntshona uDoug Steenland.
Abahambi banokuqala ukubona utshintsho olukhulu olu kuwa njengoko iinqwelomoya ezinkulu zinciphisa inkonzo ngokuqatha ngokulahla iindlela, ngokufaka iinqwelomoya ezincinci endaweni yezo kunye nokunciphisa inani leenqwelomoya zemihla ngemihla kwindlela.
Injongo yeenqwelo-moya: Ukutyhalela phezulu ixabiso eliphakathi elihlawulwe kwisitulo ngasinye esishiyekileyo ukwenza eyona ngeniso iphezulu ngegaloni nganye yamafutha atshisiweyo.
I-Delta, indawo yesithathu ngobukhulu e-USA, iya kulahla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 yeejethi ezinobungakanani obugcweleyo kunye nejethi zengingqi ezincinci eziya kuthi ga kwi-70 kulo nyaka. Itsalwa kwizixeko ezininzi, kuquka: Atlantic City; Islip, eLong Island; Tupelo, Nkosazana; kunye neCorpus Christi, eTexas.
Kule nyanga, i-JetBlue (JBLU) iya kumisa inkonzo phakathi kweNew York neTucson.
Iinqwelomoya zangoku zaloo ndlela - enye ngosuku ukuya nokubuya - zidla ngokugcwala ngama-70%. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimali zangoku kunye namaxabiso epetroli, iinqwelomoya kufuneka zibe yi-85% epheleleyo kwi-JetBlue ukuba iphule kubo, ngokwedatha ye-airline.
I-Chicago-based United Airlines, (i-UAUA) i-airline yelizwe lesibini ngobukhulu, iya kuthatha umhlala-phantsi ubuncinane i-30 yeejethi zayo ezindala, ezincinci ezingenayo amafutha kulo nyaka.
I-United iphulukene ne-537 yezigidi zeedola kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, eyona lahleko inkulu ukusukela oko yavela kuhlengahlengiso lwemali ngo-2006.
IMelika, i-Continental (CAL) kunye noMntla-ntshona baceba ukusikwa okuncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinkokeli zeshishini kunye nabahlalutyi bathi akukho nanye yeendlela ezisikiweyo eziya nzulu ngokwaneleyo. Abanye baqikelela ukuba ezinye iindlela zokusika ziyeza.
“Ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba amaxabiso e-oyile ahlala ekwinqanaba elinye … uyakubona ukuthotywa nangakumbi kwisikhundla,” utshilo umphathi we-AirTran (AAI) uBob Fornaro kwiveki ephelileyo.
Kulindeleke ukunyuka kwamaxabiso
Iinqwelomoya zinyuse amaxabiso amatyeli ali-10 ukusukela phakathi kuDisemba, kwaye uninzi lubonisa ukonyuka kwe-11 kule veki. Ukutsiba okungaphezulu kumaxabiso amatikiti kulindeleke ukuba kulandele ngokubanzi.
UParsons uthi abakhenkethi kwiindlela ezihamba ixesha elide ezingaphezulu kwe-1,500 yeemayile sele behlawula ukuya kuthi ga kwi-260 yeedola ngaphezulu kwetikiti lokuya nokubuya kunokuba bebesenza kwiinyanga ezine ezidlulileyo. Ukonyuka kwezinye iindlela kuphezulu nangakumbi.
Umcebisi uRichard Leck, umseki weBruin Consulting eBedford, NH, ubhabha phantse veki nganye esuka eBoston okanye eManchester, NH, edlula eChicago ukuya eSan Francisco, apho asekelwe khona umxhasi wakhe.
Ukusukela ekwindla lokugqibela, intlawulo yakhe yenqwelomoya itsibe ukusuka kwi-800 yeedola ukuya nokubuya ukuya kwi-1,500 yeedola. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-United yamisa inkonzo esuka eChicago isiya e-Oakland, ebingabizi kakhulu ukubhabha ukuya kuneSan Francisco International. I-United nayo yatshintshela kwiijethi ezincinci eManchester; izihlalo zithengisa ngokukhawuleza.
Kwiveki ephelileyo, itikiti lakhe lenqwelomoya engayekiyo ukusuka eBoston ukuya eSan Francisco lixabisa i-2,400 yeedola ukuya nokubuya, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba watshintsha itikiti lakhe lokuqala, efumana iindleko ezongezelelweyo.
Uthi: “Ndothuka. "Wonke umntu unemida yakhe, abantu ngabanye kunye nabathengi bamashishini."
Uphando lwase-USA TODAY/Gallup ngo-Epreli lufumanise ukuba i-45% yabahambi ngenqwelomoya ayinakufaneka babhabhe kweli hlotyeni ukuba imali yokukhwela iphezulu.
Iqhutywa kukunyuka kwemali, ingeniso yabathwali base-US yenyuka malunga ne-10% kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, ukutsiba okunempilo kumaxesha aqhelekileyo. Kodwa bonke abathwali abakhulu baseMelika ngaphandle kweSouthwest Airlines (LUV) bathumele ilahleko kwikota. Ixabiso lepetroli linyuke nge-50% okanye ngaphezulu.
Abanye abathwali abanayo i-cushion yemali yokumelana noxinzelelo lweendleko. Amaxabiso epetroli anyanzelise abathwali abancinci abasixhenxe base-US ukuba bavale ukusukela ngeKrisimesi. I-Frontier Airlines yanyanzelwa ukuba ifune ukukhuselwa kwinkundla ye-11 yokunganyaniseki nge-11 ka-Epreli.
Nditsho noMzantsi-ntshona, ochaze iminyaka eyi-17 yenzuzo engaphazamisekiyo yekota, ulahlekelwe yimali ngokubhabha kwikota yokugqibela.
Inike ingxelo yengeniso yezigidi ezingama-34 zeerandi kuphela ngenxa yenkqubo yayo entsonkothileyo yokubiyela amafutha. Ngokurhweba ngokurhabaxa kwiikontraka zexesha elizayo leoli, uMzantsi-ntshona ukwazile ukunkqonkqoza i-302 yezigidi zeerandi kwinto obunokuyihlawula ukuba ubuthenge amafutha awo onke ngamaxabiso angoku emarike.
Abaphathi bomthwali bayavuma ukuba abanako ukudlala lo mdlalo unomngcipheko ngonaphakade.
Emva kokubamba umgca ngokuchasene nokunyuswa kwemali kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, uMzantsi-ntshona unyuse amaxabiso kabini kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala zika-Epreli.
“Inyani yeyokuba akukho nkampani yenqwelo moya yase-US enemodeli yoshishino oluzinzileyo ukuba amaxabiso e-oyile ayi-117-a-barrel ayanyamezela,” utshilo uDave Emerson, intloko ye-Bain & Co.
Izicwangciso zokwandisa zithintelwe
Umzantsi-ntshona, okhule ngamandla kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya zase-US iminyaka engama-35, awuzukukhula kwisiqingatha sesibini salo nyaka.
Ayizukuphinda i-Orlando-based discounter AirTran, ebikhule ngamaxabiso aphindwe kabini ngonyaka ukusukela ngo-2002.
Ukubambelela kwishishini elinokubakho ayilokhetho olukhethwa ziinqwelomoya. Yinto enye ukuthengisa iqela leenqwelomoya. Ukuphuma esixekweni kukwathetha ukuvala izixhobo zokubala zamatikiti kunye namasango, kunye nokudenda okanye ukuhambisa abasebenzi.
Nje ukuba wenze ezo zigqibo zokulahla ezo zinto, awukwazi ukuzibuyisela ngokulula okanye ngokukhawuleza,” utshilo u-Emerson.
Ezo zizigqibo ezinzima ezenziwa ziinkampani zeenqwelo moya kulo nyaka, ngelixa ziseneebhiliyoni zeerandi esandleni.
Ngo-2009, ukuba ixabiso le-jet fuel alihli kwaye iinqwelo-moya azikwazi ukunyusa amaxabiso ngokwaneleyo, nabathwali abanee-akhawunti zebhanki ezinkulu banokuqalisa ukuswela imali kwaye bafumane kunzima ukuboleka.
"Kuza kubakho ukusilela kweenqwelo moya ngakumbi kule meko, kwaye kunokuthi kupheliswe," utshilo iGosa lezeMali eliyiNtloko yeDelta u-Edward Bastian.
U-JPMorgan's Baker ufanisa iimpembelelo zemali ezinokubakho zokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-jet fuel kunye nefuthe lezoqoqosho kwiinkampani zeenqwelomoya ezithe zachaphazeleka emva kohlaselo lwabanqolobi ngoSeptemba 11, 2001.
Izigidi zabakhweli, ngenxa yoloyiko, ziyeka ukubhabha, zithumela ishishini ekuweni kwasimahla kwezemali. Urhulumente womeleza ukhuseleko lweenqwelo-moya neenqwelo-moya, yaye ekugqibeleni abakhweli babuya.
Kodwa imeko yanamhlanje yexabiso lepetroli isoyikisa ngokuba yingxaki ehlala ihleli kwaye inzima.
Akukho zilungiso zilula zokutsiba kwamaxabiso okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili, ukonyuka nge-60% ngo-Epreli ngo-Epreli ka-2007.
Abahlalutyi boshishino lwe-oyile bathi kungathatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe ioyile entsha, kwakhiwe iindawo ezintsha zokucoca okanye ezinye iindlela zamafutha asekwe kwipetroleum ziphuhliswe kwaye ziveliswe ngomlinganiselo owaneleyo wokuphemba iinqwelomoya, ezithi ziqalise iinqwelomoya ezingama-30,000 ngosuku. Ijethi enomzimba obanzi irhabula iilitha ezingama-30,000 nangaphezulu xa kuzaliswa.
Ibhiliyoni yeoli yaseTexas u-T. Boone Pickens, owayecinga ukuba ukuqhutywa kwamaxabiso e-oyile kulo nyaka uphelileyo kuya kuphela, uye wayibuyisela umva indlela. I-BP Capital Management, i-Pickens 'ene-energy-oriented hedge fund, ityala imali ngokusekelwe kwinkolelo yakhe yokuba amaxabiso aya kunyuka aye kwi-$ 125 umphanda kungekudala, emva koko adlule kwi-150 yeedola.
Kule veki, intloko ye-OPEC, umphathiswa we-oyile e-Algeria u-Chakib Khelil, uxelele iintatheli ukuba i-oyile inokuthi ifikelele kwi-200 yeedola emgqonyeni kwaye akukho nto inokwenziwa yi-cartel ukuyimisa.
Uthe amandla ngaphandle kwesixa se-oyile ekrwada emponlwe emhlabeni anyusa amaxabiso.
Amaxabiso e-oyile avaliwe kwi-113.46 ye-barrel ngoLwesithathu emva kokunyuka ngaphantsi kwe-$ 120 ngoMvulo.
Nokuba bebenokuhla nge-30% engalindelekanga, amaxabiso aphakathi angahlala ephezulu ngokwembali. Kwaye mancinci amathuba okuba bangawa kakhulu, ngenxa yemfuno engapheliyo evela eTshayina, eIndiya kunye nolunye uqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, “Ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya ibiyenye yezinto eziluncedo kubathengi baseUnited States,” utsho uTom Horton, igosa eliyintloko lezemali kwiAmerican Airlines.
“Ngoku sikwihlabathi apho imali yokukhwela inqwelomoya kuya kufuneka ibonise ixabiso lemveliso.”
usatoday.com
