Kugquba imfazwe phezu koLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki – phezulu ngaphezu kolwandle.
IAmerican Airlines, iBritish Airways kunye neSpanish ethwala i-Iberia zizama ukudibana kwintshukumo abathi abo bakhuphisana nabo bayibize ngokuba yi-monopolistic kwaye bathi inokukhokelela kumaxabiso aphezulu eenqwelomoya.
Abathwali abathathu bathi isivumelwano sabo soshishino esidibeneyo siya kunika abahambi ukhetho olukhulu, unxibelelwano olungcono kunye neeshedyuli eziphuculweyo zenqwelomoya. Bafuna ukungakhuseleki kutshutshiso lokungathembeki apha naseYurophu.
“Ukuba umamela umanyano, oko kuthetha ukuba abathengi bayazuza kwi-wazoo,” utshilo uRobert Mann, umhlalutyi wenqwelomoya kunye nomcebisi. "Ukuba ujonga le nto bayithethayo kwiWall Street, ithi amandla okulungelelanisa iishedyuli kunye namaxabiso, okuthetha ukuphelisa umthamo ogqithisiweyo wexabiso eliphantsi, okubonakala ngathi akulunganga kubathengi."
Ngaphantsi kwesi siphakamiso, ezi nqwelo-moya zintathu ziya kuhlala iinkampani ezizimeleyo kodwa ziya kukwazi ukusebenzisana nokucwangciswa kweshedyuli kunye namaxabiso. Ngoku izenzo ezinjalo azikho mthethweni ngokubanzi phantsi kwemithetho yokungathembeki.
Iinkampani ziyakwandisa izivumelwano zazo zekhowudi yokwabelana ngeenqwelomoya apho enye inqwelo moya ithengisa izihlalo kwinqwelomoya eqhutywa yenye. Ngokomzekelo, umhambi osuka eSt. Louis, eMo., esinge eLondon unokuthenga itikiti enqumla eMerika kodwa abe kwinqwelo-moya yaseMerika kwisiqingatha sokuqala sohambo kunye nenqwelomoya yeBritish Airways kumlenze wesibini.
Iinqwelomoya ezininzi sele zine-antitrust immunity kwizivumelwano zazo.
I-United kunye ne-German carrier Lufthansa kunye namanye amalungu e-Star Alliance yabo banokhuseleko olunjalo.
Inkampani yeenqwelo moya yaseMntla ntshona kunye neDutch KLM (ngoku edityaniswe neAir France) nazo zinalo olo khuseleko. IDelta idibana noMntla-ntshona kwaye ikwakhuselwe kwimithetho yokungathembeki. Zonke ezo nqwelomoya ziyinxalenye yomanyano lweSkyTeam.
IAmerican, iBritish Airways kunye ne-Iberia ziyinxalenye yomanyano lwehlabathi elinye.
Esi sisihlandlo sesithathu iAmerican neBritish Airways zifuna ukhuseleko olunjalo. Ixesha lokuqala yayingo-1996, xa uMntla-ntshona kunye ne-KLM zadibana nalapho i-United neLufthansa zadibana. Umzamo wesibini wawungowama-2002. Omabini la maxesha, isivumelwano esichasene nokunganyangeki yayikukuba iinqwelo-moya ezimbini zazilawula iindawo eziphambili zokumisa kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseLondon iHeathrow, enye yezona marike zinengeniso ehlabathini.
Iinqwelomoya ezitshiphu okanye ukonyuswa kwamaxabiso?
Xa iinzame zokuqala zakhatywayo, intloko yecandelo lokungathembeki kwiSebe lezoBulungisa yathi kwingxelo: “Ukudityaniswa kweAmerican Airways neBritish Airways kuya kubangela ukuba abahambi ngenqwelomoya bahlawule imali eninzi kakhulu yokuhamba phakathi kweUnited States neGreat Britain.”
Kodwa yonke loo nto yatshintsha kulo nyaka xa isivumelwano se-Open Skies saqala ukusebenza, savula i-Heathrow kancinane kwezinye iinqwelomoya ekudala zilawulwa kwezinye izikhululo zeenqwelomoya zaseLondon.
Ilizwekazi, iDelta, i-US Airways kunye noMntla-ntshona zonke zifumene iindawo zokukhwela e-Heathrow ngenxa ye-Open Skies, kodwa uMann uthi bonke bafuna ngaphezulu. Ulindele ukuba aba bathwali base-US bazame kwaye bathintele ukhuseleko njengenxalenye yothethathethwano lokufumana ukufikelela okukhulu kwi-Heathrow.
Imakethi yaseMelika ukuya eLondon yenye yezona zinkulu emhlabeni, utshilo uMann. Kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi, ngenxa yokuhambahamba kweenqwelomoya zabahambi beshishini iinqwelomoya ziyakwazi ukubiza ezinye zeentlawulo eziphezulu kwiindlela, iinqwelomoya ezihlala eHeathrow endaweni yesinye sezikhululo zeenqwelomoya zaseLondon, njengeGatwick, zinokubiza ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-15 ukuya kuma-20 ekhulwini. .
UMann uyibiza ngokuba “yenye yezona marike zinengeniso ehlabathini.”
URichard Branson, umongameli weVirgin Atlantic, naye uye waphakamisa ubuxoki esithi isivumelwano esinjalo “siyalonakalisa ukhuphiswano.”
Kwileta eya kubo bobabini abagqatswa bomongameli baseMelika, uSens. Barack Obama noJohn McCain, uBranson uthe “iinkampani zeenqwelo moya kuyo yonke indawo zisokola ngexabiso langoku leoli, kodwa isisombululo kwiingxaki zabo akufuneki silale kwisivumelwano sokungakhuphisani, nesiya kuthi. ngokungaphephekiyo kukhokelela kukhuphiswano oluncinane kunye namaxabiso aphezulu.”
U-Rick Seaney, umbhali we-ABC News kunye ne-CEO ye-FareCompare.com, indawo yokukhangela i-airfare, uthe ukhuphiswano ngumqhubi we-No.
"Naliphi na ixesha inqwelomoya iqhuma, okanye ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu zidibanisa / iqabane, lithetha amatikiti aphezulu eenqwelomoya kubakhweli," utshilo uSeaney. “Sele sizibonile iintshaba ezifayo iBritish Airways kunye neVirgin Atlantic zivuma ukusebenzisana kwintlawulo yepetroli kwaye zivuma ukuhlawula izohlwayo ezinkulu. … Ezi zivumelwano zokungathembeki zenza olu hlobo lomsebenzi lube semthethweni.”
Iinketho eziNgcono ngeFlight
UMann uthi i-American and British Airways zineengxoxo ezithile ezisemthethweni: Okokuqala, ezinye iinqwelo-moya zine-immunity; okwesibini, ngelixa belawula ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seenqwelomoya eHeathrow, iinqwelomoya zeStar Alliance zinesabelo esikhulu seenqwelomoya eFrankfurt kwaye iSkyTeam inepesenti enkulu eParis.
Kwakhona, iinqwelo-moya zinokusebenzisa iindlela ezithile ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ezinokungazami ngenye indlela. Umzekelo, uMntla-ntshona kunye neqabane layo i-KLM babenenkonzo engayekiyo ukusuka eHartford, Conn., Ukuya eAmsterdam.
“Yimakethi leyo ngokungafihlisiyo ibingasoze ifumaneke ngokungapheliyo ngaphandle komfelandawonye,” utshilo uMann.
URichard Aboulafia, umhlalutyi weenqwelomoya kunye neQela leTeal, uthi i-Iberia yinxalenye yesivumelwano kuba iinqwelomoya ezinkulu zifuna "ukwenza imbumbulu nabadlali be-niche ngaphambi kokuba babanjwe ngomnye umntu."
I-Iberia nayo ineendlela ezininzi eziphambili zaseLatin America, ezinokongezwa kwiBritish Airways kunye nothungelwano lwaseMelika.
“Nokuba ubafuna kangakanani na okanye awufuni, awufuni omnye umfana athethe nabo,” utshilo uAboulafia. "Yonke into imalunga nokugcina inethiwekhi yehlabathi."
Kodwa ekugqibeleni, u-Aboulafia uthi isivumelwano sihlala malunga ne-Heathrow kunye nokuba ingakanani i-American and British Airways ezimisele ukuyeka apho.
“Okuninzi kuxhomekeke koko bakunikelayo njengemvumelwano. Yehla kakhulu eHeathrow kunye nokufikelela, ”utshilo. “Akukho zithuthi zinengeniso ngaphezu kweNorth Atlantic Heathrow. Inyani yeyokuba i-BA [British Airways] kunye ne-AA [American] ziya kuba nesikhundla esomeleleyo kakhulu apho. … Maninzi amabala eenqwelomoya amahle, amaninzi ahlala iiunicorns okanye iileprechauns.”
