Xa ndingena kwivenkile yezihlangu, ndinikwa ixesha elininzi lokujonga isihlangu ngasinye esiboniswayo, ndisijike ukuze ndijonge ixabiso, ndikhethe (izihlangu) ezibonakala zithembisa, ndize ndiye kumthengisi. Xa ndingena kwivenkile yesandwich, ndinalo lonke ixesha kwihlabathi lokujonga imiboniso, ndifunde iimenyu ezisedongeni, ndijonge ukuba abanye baodola ntoni, kwaye ke, xa sele ndilungile, joyina umgca, kwaye ndibeke indawo yam. umyalelo.
Ngelishwa, xa ndingena kwivenkile yewayini, ndiziva ngathi ndingena kwindawo esele isetyenzisiwe yemoto. Ndikhawuleze ndaxakwa ngumsebenzi, ndabuza ukuba luhlobo luni lwewayini endiyifunayo, ndangeniswa ngoko nangoko kwicandelo kwaye “yena” uyandanda ngelixa ndijonga iileyibhile, endikrobela “kwibhrendi yakhe ayithandayo”/ibhotile/ezahlukeneyo.
Ndicinga ukuthenga njengomsebenzi wexesha lokuphumla, ukuthatha lonke ixesha emhlabeni ukuqwalasela ukhetho lwam.
Njengombhali wewayini ndithanda ukujonga iilebhile, ukusuka kwisiFrentshi ukuya kwicandelo lesiTaliyane, ujikeleze kwicandelo leSpanish, kwaye ndijonge nokuba yintoni efumanekayo ukusuka eNew York, eCalifornia, eMissouri, eArizona, eTexas naseIsrael. , iPortugal, iOstreliya, iTshayina, neKosovo.
Enye indlela yokujongana nesiphithiphithi sevenkile yewayini kukufunda ngokukhawuleza ileyibhile ekwibhotile yewayini, uhambe newayini efunwayo hayi ibhotile umsebenzi afuna ukundithengisela yona.
Ileyibhile yeWayini yaseSpain 101
Ileyibhile yewayini yaseSpain yimephu ekhokelela kwinto elindileyo ngaphakathi kwebhotile.
1. Igama leWayini
2. Iidiliya. Unyaka okanye Indawo/Indawo iwayini, ingakumbi iwayini ekumgangatho ophezulu (oko kukuthi, DO Denominacion de Origen), yaveliswa.
• Ayingonyaka wonke olungele iwayini. Eminye iminyaka ingcono kuneminye.
• I-DO nganye inomlinganiswa wayo owahlukileyo, kunye nencasa. Ekuphela kwendlela yokumisela ukhetho lomntu kukungcamla (uvavanyo kunye nempazamo).
3. Umgangatho weWayini. ISpain ifuna ubuncinci bokuguga kwibhotile nakwimibhobho ye-oki ukuze ithathelwe ingqalelo njengeCrianza, iReserva, okanye iGran Reserva:
• eCrianza. Ubuncinci unyaka omnye kwimibhobho ye-oki
• Ugcino. Iwayini eneminyaka emi-3 ubuncinci inonyaka omnye echithwe kwimiphanda ye-oki
• IGran Reserva. Iwayini ezidala ubuncinci beminyaka emi-5: iminyaka emi-2 kwimibhobho ye-oki, kunye ne-3-iminyaka kwiibhotile.
Imibala yeWayini
Iiwayini zikhethwa rhoqo ukuphucula amava okutya; nangona kunjalo, iiwayini ezininzi ziyakwazi ukuzibamba kwaye zimnandi ukusela ngaphandle kokutya:
o UBlanco – Mhlophe
o Rosado – Rose
o Tinto – Ebomvu (igama leSpanish: ROJO; nangona kunjalo, iwayini ezibomvu zaziwa ngokuba yiVino Tinto)
Iintlobo zeWayini
o Cava - iwayini ehlwahlwazayo eyenziwe ngendlela yesintu (cinga iChampagne)
o Vino Espumoso – Iwayini evuthayo eyenziwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseSpain kwaye ke ayivumelekanga ukusebenzisa igama elithi CAVA kwiileyibhile njengoko zingaqinisekisi kwimithetho echazwe ngumbutho olawulayo weCava.
o Vino Dulce/Vina para Postres – Iwayini eswiti okanye yeDessert
Iindidi ezisemthethweni
o DOCa – Denominacion de Origen Calificada. Kuphela ziingingqi ezenza iwayini ezivunyiweyo ukuba zibonelela ngewayini ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezingaguqukiyo (oko kukuthi, iRioja kunye nePriorat)
o YENZA -Denominacion de Origen. Iwayini eyenziwe phantsi kweliso le-DO ikhuselwe ngumthetho. Ngokwembali iiwayini ze-DO zithathwa njengowona mgangatho ubalaseleyo; nangona kunjalo, kutsha nje iiwayini ezingeyiyo i-DO ziye zalingana okanye zagqithisa iiwayini ze-DO
o Vina de la Tierra (VdLT). Iiwayini ezivela kwindawo ethile yejografi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi wayini zazigqalwa njenge "yeyesibini ingcono." Oku akuseyonyani.
o Parcelario. “Ngokungekho semthethweni”-igama elibhekisa kwiwayini eyenziwe ngomdiliya okhuliswe kwisiqwenga esinye.
o Vino d'Autor. Ubonakalisa isimbo somenzi wewayini, kwaye unegama lakhe. Ezi zinokuthi (okanye zingahambelani) nemigaqo ye-DO okanye ye-VdLT.
o Vina de La Mesa. Iwayini yetafile ibekwe ezantsi kwileli yomgangatho wewayini yaseSpain. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kuyinyani. Kukho iiwayini ezenziwe kwindawo ye-DO okanye ye-DOCa ezingahambelani nemithetho eyilwe nguConselo Regulador (iBhunga eliLawulayo) kwingingqi, kwaye iwayini kufuneka zibhalwe Vina de La Mesa. Enyanisweni, ezi wayini zinokubiza kakhulu kune DO iwayini evunyiweyo evela kwindawo enye.
Eminye imigaqo
o Roble – Oak! Eli gama libekwe ngasemva kwiileyibhile, libonelela ngolwazi malunga nexesha elichithwe yiwayini kwimiphanda ye-oki. Ngaphambili kwileyibhile, ibhekisa kwi-oki - exela isimbo sewayini. Oku kudla ngokucebisa ukuba iwayini ichithe ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu kwi-oki (iinyanga ezi-3-4). Ukuba iwayini ifakwe ioki ixesha elide, iyakuthiwa yiCrianza okanye iReserva.
o Barrico – Umphanda. Ilandelwa rhoqo yiMelika (i-oki yaseMelika) okanye iFransi (i-Oak yesiFrentshi), ebonisa ukuvela kweenkuni.
Umtsalane weewayini zaseSpain
UPablo Picasso waphefumlelwa ziidolophu, izidiliya, kunye nabantu bommandla wewayini waseSpain (Terra Alta) ngexesha lakhe le-20s xa wayehlala ezintabeni. Ihlabathi liyabuvuma kancinane ubulumko bePicasso neSpain ehlala ibekwe phakathi kwabavelisi bewayini abathathu abaphezulu kwihlabathi (iFrance ne-Italiya zezinye ezimbini).
Ubungqina bucebisa ukuba imidiliya yediliya yayilinywa e Spain ukusukela ngo 4000 - 3000 BC. AmaFenike aqala ukwenza iwayini ngo 1100 BC kwindawo yanamhlanje yase Cadiz kwaye barhweba ngayo njengempahla yorhwebo, besebenzisa izitya zodongwe ezinzima, eziethe-ethe (amphorae) ukuthutha.
IFenike yaseMaritime Amphora
AmaRoma alandela amaFenike ekulawuleni iSpeyin, etyala imidiliya, ezisa ubuchule bawo bokwenza iwayini kubahlali basekuhlaleni (oko kukuthi, amaCelt, nama-Iberia). Uqheliselo lwamkelwa kuquka ukubiliswa kwimikhombe yamatye, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeamphorae ezikwaziyo ukumelana nangakumbi. Ngeli xesha, iSpain yathumela iwayini eRome, France nase England.
Iqela elilandelayo lokulawula iSpeyin yayingamaMoor amaSilamsi akuMntla Afrika (kwinkulungwane yesi-8 – ngenkulungwane ye-15). AmaMora ayengaseli tywala; ngethamsanqa, abazange banyanzelise iinkolelo zabo kwizifundo zabo zeSpanish nangona ukuveliswa kwewayini kuye kwamiswa ngeli xesha. Phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-13, iwayini eyayisuka eSpeyin yathunyelwa ngenqanawa isuka eBilbao isiya eNgilani; nangona kunjalo, umgangatho we wayini wawungahambelani kodwa iwayini ezilunge kakhulu zikhuphisane ngempumelelo nomnikelo we French kunye ne Germany.
Xa amaMoors oyiswayo ngenkulungwane ye-15, iSpeyin yamanyana. UColumbus “wabhaqa” iWest Indies enika iSpeyin intengiso yehlabathi entsha. Embindini wenkulungwane ye-19 iziseko zokwenziwa kwewayini zangoku zaseSpain zasekwa ngabenzi bewayini baseBordeaux, uLuciano de Murrieta Garcia-Lemon (iMarques de Murrieta), kunye noCamilo Hurtado de Amezaga (iMarques do Riscal). La madoda azisa ubuchwepheshe beBordeaux eRioja, kwaye uRiscal watyala isidiliya e-Elciego, eqala i-bodega ngo-1860. Ngo-1872, uMurrieta waqala i-bodega yakhe, i-Ygay estate, kwaye enye yimbali.
Elandela la manyathelo, uEloy Lecanda waqala ukwenza iwayini ngobuchule ngo-1864 kwindawo eyaziwa njengeVega Sicilia. Ngemvelaphi yase Bordeaux, wezisa ii-oki zaseFransi kwindawo leyo, kunye nobuchule obutsha bokwenza iwayini, kunye neentlobo zediliya, efumanisa ukuba imidiliya yakhula ngempumelelo ecaleni kwe-Tempranillo yasekhaya.
IPhylloxera yanwenwela eSpeyin ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19, yahlasela iRioja ngowe-1901. Nangona kwakusele kwenziwe isisombululo, izidiliya kulo lonke elo lizwe kwafuneka ziphinde zilinywe.
Iindidi ezininzi zeediliya zemveli bezijongene nokuphela.
ISpeyin yangena kwixesha lezidubedube zezopolitiko ezathi zaphela xa uNjengele uFrancisco Franco wakwiphiko lasekunene loyisa, elawula iSpeyin njengozwilakhe wasemkhosini ukususela ngowe-1939 de kwasekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1975. iisakramente, ukususa izidiliya eViura nakweminye imimandla.
Uthe akusweleka uFranco, ukwenziwa kwewayini kwaseSpain kwafumana umdla kwaye kwabakho umdla omtsha kwiwayini ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngabakumgangatho ophakathi ezidolophini. ISpain yazimanya neManyano yaseYurophu ngo-1986, kwaye utyalo-mali olutsha lwenziwa kwimimandla yewayini yaseSpain ngeendlela ezingcono zemveliso kunye nohlengahlengiso olubanzi.
Ikamva leWayini yaseSpain
Okwangoku, icandelo lewayini laseSpain lilingana ne-US $9,873m (2022), kwaye imarike kulindeleke ukuba ikhule ngonyaka nge-6.24 yeepesenti. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2025, i-79 yepesenti yenkcitho, kunye nama-52 epesenti yomthamo womthamo kumacandelo ewayini iya kubalelwa kusetyenziso lwangaphandle (oko kukuthi, iibhari kunye neendawo zokutyela). I-Spain lilizwe eli-1 labavelisi bewayini ephilayo enehektare ezingaphezulu kwama-80,000 ezibhalisiweyo kwaye zibhalwe kwimveliso yendalo. Umlimi ophambili, uTorres, wayenesinye kwisithathu sesidiliya sakhe esivelisa izinto eziphilayo.
ISpain isaqhubeka nokujongana nemiba yokutshintsha kwemozulu njengoko imozulu eshushu iqhubela phambili kwixesha lokuvuna, inyusa imfuno yeediliya ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu azise isivuno samadiliya phambili nge 10-15 yentsuku kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kwaye isivuno ngoku senzeka ngo August, xa ubushushu bungamandla kakhulu. Ukuphelisa lo mngeni abavelisi bahambisa izidiliya zabo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Ngaba Uyalingana?
Uphando lufumanisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-60 zabemi baseSpain bazijonga njengabathengi bewayini kunye neepesenti ezingama-80 ezonwabela iiwayini ziyinto eqhelekileyo, kunye neepesenti ezingama-20 zokusela ngamaxesha athile. Uninzi lwaba baselayo bakhetha iwayini ebomvu (i-72.9 ekhulwini), ngelixa abanye bekhetha iwayini emhlophe (i-12.0 ekhulwini), i-rose (6.4 pesenti), iwayini ehlwahlwazayo (i-6 ekhulwini) kunye ne-sherry/dessert wines (i-1.8 ekhulwini). Uninzi lwabantu lusela emakhaya endaweni yeebhari nakwiiresityu kwaye oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokwahluka kwamaxabiso.
Ngoku lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuphonononga iiwayini ezintle nezimnandi zaseSpain.
Ngolwazi olongezelelweyo, Cofa apha.
Olu luthotho olugxile kwiiWayini zaseSpain:
Funda iCandelo 1 Apha: ISpain iWunyusa uMdlalo wayo weWayini: Kakhulu kuneSangria
Funda iCandelo 2 Apha: Iiwayini zaseSpain: Ngcamla Umahluko Ngoku
Funda iCandelo 3 Apha: Iiwayini ezihlwahlwazayo ezivela eSpain Cela umngeni “Abanye abafana”
© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.
Iindaba ezingakumbi malunga newayini
#isiselo somdiliya
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- Xa ndingena kwivenkile yesandwich, ndinalo lonke ixesha emhlabeni ukujonga imiboniso, ukufunda iimenyu eziseludongeni, ukubukela oko abanye baodolayo, kwaye ke, xa sele ndilungile, joyina umgca, kwaye ndibeke indawo yam. umyalelo.
- Njengombhali wewayini ndithanda ukujonga iilebhile, ukusuka kwisiFrentshi ukuya kwicandelo lesiTaliyane, ujikeleze kwicandelo leSpanish, kwaye ndijonge nokuba yintoni efumanekayo ukusuka eNew York, eCalifornia, eMissouri, eArizona, eTexas naseIsrael. , iPortugal, iOstreliya, iTshayina, neKosovo.
- Enye indlela yokujongana nesiphithiphithi sevenkile yewayini kukufunda ngokukhawuleza ileyibhile ekwibhotile yewayini, uhambe newayini efunwayo hayi ibhotile umsebenzi afuna ukundithengisela yona.
