Njengokuba uEdward Young, imbongi eliNgesi yenkulungwane ye-17, wayekhe wathi, “Ukuzibekel 'amangomso izinto lisela lexesha.” Akuzange oko kube yinyani kunangoku, xa ubunjani kunye nobungakanani beempembelelo ezivela kwimisebenzi yoluntu elwandle ziqwalaselwa, kwaye iindleko eziyinyani zokungenzi nto ukuzilungisa zityhiliwe.
Ingxelo entsha ye-IUCN, enesihloko esithi Ukuchaza ukufudumala kolwandle: izizathu, isikali, iziphumo kunye nemiphumo, ibeka uphononongo lwamva nje kunye olubanzi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwesi sihloko kwaye ibonisa ibali elintsonkothileyo lotshintsho elwandle. Olu tshintsho luyaqhubeka, luhlala luvalelwe kumashumi eminyaka ezayo, kwaye sele luqalisile ukuchaphazela ubomi babantu. Eli ayiselilo ibali elinye lemicelimngeni yokufudumala kolwandle kwiingqaqa zekorale, kodwa luluhlu olukhula ngokukhawuleza lotshintsho olothusayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zezidalwa kwisikali se-ecosystem, nakuzo zonke iindawo zejografi ezithatha umhlaba wonke. Lutshintsho oluxhaphakileyo, oluqhutywa kukufudumala kolwandle kunye nezinye iingcinezelo esele zisebenza ngeendlela esiqala ukuziqonda, apho izikhewu ezibalulekileyo kwiidatha zaselwandle, iinkqubo kunye nokukwazi ukushiya ihlabathi likulungele ukujamelana nayo kwixesha elizayo.
Ukufudumala kolwandle kunokuba lolona celomngeni lufihlakeleyo kwisizukulwana sethu. Ngaphezulu kwe-93% yobushushu obandisiweyo ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1970s ngenxa yezenzo zoluntu iye yafunxwa lulwandle, kwaye idatha ibonisa ukuzinza nokunyuka kwesantya sokunyuka kobushushu bolwandle. Umlinganiselo wokufudumala kolwandle oboniswe kule ngxelo uyakhwankqisa ngokwenene: ukuba ubushushu obufanayo obuye bangena kumphezulu weekhilomitha ezi-2 zolwandle phakathi ko-1955 no-2010 endaweni yoko bebungene kumazantsi eekhilomitha ezili-10 zeatmosfera, umhlaba ubuya kuba ibone ubushushu obungama-36°C.
Idityaniselwe i-IUCN ngoososayensi abangama-80 kumazwe ali-12, le ngxelo iphonononga iimpembelelo zokufudumala kolwandle kwindalo nakwizinto eziphilayo, nakwizibonelelo zemihla ngemihla ezivela elwandle- "iimpahla neenkonzo" zalo.
Utshintsho olukhulu olubangelwe kukufudumala kolwandle kunye nezinye izinto ezibonisa uxinzelelo ezichazwe kwingxelo zibandakanya iimpembelelo kuyo yonke indalo ukusuka kwi-polar ukuya kwimimandla yetropiki, ekuqikelelwe ukuba iya kunyuka ngakumbi, isuka kunxweme olufikelelekayo ukuya kulwandle olunzulu lolwandle; onke amaqela eentlobo ezinjengeplankton, jellyfish, intlanzi, ufudo kunye neentaka zaselwandle eziqhutywa zide zifike kwi-10 degrees latitude ukuya kwiipali zomhlaba ukuze zigcinwe zikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusingqongileyo; ukulahleka kweendawo zokuzalela zamaqela afana noofudo kunye neentaka zaselwandle, kunye nefuthe kwimpumelelo yokuzala kweentaka kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle; kunye nokutshintsha kwamaxesha ngamaxesha ngeplankton, okukhokelela kukungangqinelani okunokubakho phakathi kweentlobo zeplankton ngeentlanzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle.
Ngoku siyazi ukuba utshintsho elwandle lwenzeka phakathi kwe-1.5 kunye nama-5 ngokukhawuleza kunaleyo esemhlabeni. Olo tshintsho alunakubuyiselwa umva, lunefuthe elikhulu kwindalo. Oku kuya kukhokelela phi, kumashumi eminyaka ezantsi emgceni, akucaci gca. Kuvavanyo apho, endaweni yokuba sibukele nje kwilebhu, siye sazibeka sazifaka ngaphakathi kwetyhubhu yovavanyo.
Ingxelo ikwachaza ukungoneli kolwazi lwangoku, amandla kunye namandla okufunda ngokwaneleyo ukufudumala kolwandle, kunye nokucebisa nokujongana nemiceli mngeni ehambelana nayo. Uluntu lwehlabathi luyazibophelela kwikamva lekhabhon ephezulu engaxhobanga kwaphela ukuyiqonda, kungasathethwa ke ngokujongana nayo. Iimpembelelo sele zigqithile kwinto eqondwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nomthamo woluntu lwehlabathi ukuba lusebenze.
Umhlaba, mhlawumbi uphazanyiswe yimicimbi yemihla ngemihla emhlabeni, ebengayikhathaleli impembelelo yemozulu ebinayo kwindawo enkulu emhlabeni - ulwandle. Ulwandle lusembindini wenkqubo yemozulu, kwaye ngoku kufuneka lubekwiingxoxo zemozulu. Ngokumiliselwa kwesiVumelwano saseParis phantsi kwe-UNFCCC, amaqela ngoku kufuneka aqwalasele iimpembelelo zolwandle koko kubizwa ngokuba “yimirhumo emiselwe kuzwelonke” (NDCs) echaza ezona nzame zingcono zikazwelonke kwikamva lekhabhoni ephantsi. Ngoku kubalulekile ukuba siqwalasele i-CO2 yomoya-oyena nobangela wezi kunye nezinye iingxaki ezininzi-kunye nokufezekisa ukuncipha okukhawulezayo nokubalulekileyo kwento esikhupha kuyo.
Ingxelo iphehlelelwa kwi-IUCN yeHlabathi yoLondolozo lweHlabathi, umzuzu ophambili wokugxininisa ekhaya ukungxamiseka ekufuneka kuncitshisiwe ukunciphisa okunje ngoku. Kuya kufuneka sibonise ukuba sitshixile kwindlela yokuzifudumeza ekhathazayo elwandle, ekuphela kolwandle esinalo, emhlabeni kuphela esaziyo, ogcwele ubomi. Ngoku lixesha lokuba ubulumko kwaye uthathe isenzo. Izizukulwana ezizayo ziya kuthi emva koko ngokungathandabuzekiyo zisibulele ngobulumko bezenzo zethu. Ekugqibeleni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungumbongo ukubuyela kumazwi kaEdward Young: “Yiba nobulumko namhlanje; 'bubudenge bokuzibekela amangomso. "
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- if the same amount of heat that has gone into the top 2 km of the ocean between 1955 and 2010 had instead gone into the lower 10 km of the atmosphere, the Earth would have seen a warming of 36°C.
- Compiled for IUCN by 80 scientists in 12 countries, the report explores the impacts of ocean warming on ecosystems and species, and on the every-day benefits derived from the ocean – its “goods and services.
- It is pervasive change, driven by ocean warming and other stressors already operating in ways we are only beginning to understand, where essential gaps in marine data, systems and capabilities are leaving the world poorly prepared to cope in the future.
