Ukusuka kwiimicroorganisms ukuya kwi-beluga whales, ukufudumala kolwandle kuchaphazela iintlobo ezininzi kwaye iziphumo zakho zihamba nge-ecosystems, njengoko kuchaziwe kwingxelo entsha ye-IUCN. Apha, sijonga imingeni ebangelwayo - kunye nendlela i-IUCN World Conservation Congress eqhubekayo ngayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iilwandle zisikhusele kwezona mpembelelo zimbi zokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokufunxa uninzi lobushushu obubangelwa kukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, kunye nokuthatha malunga nekota yecarbon dioxide ekhutshiweyo. Isiphumo sokufudumala kolwandle kunye ne-asidi yongeze kolunye uxinzelelo kubomi baselwandle, njengongcoliseko kunye nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo, kwaye inani labemi beentlobo ezininzi liyacutheka okanye liyaguquguquka ekuphenduleni.
Iintlobo ezihambayo
Iipateni zokusasazwa kweentlobo ezifana ne-pelagic tuna, i-Atlantic herring kunye ne-mackerel, kunye ne-European sprats kunye ne-anchovies zitshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ekuphenduleni amaqondo obushushu olwandle. Ezinye iintlanzi zihamba amashumi ukuya kumakhulu eekhilomitha kwishumi leminyaka.
Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikwaziyo ukujamelana nazo.
Kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo, njengoko iplanethi iye yafudumala, ukuphindaphindeka kwe-coral bleaching kuye kwanda ngokuphindwe kathathu. ENtshona Ostreliya, iindawo ezininzi zehlathi le-kelp zatshatyalaliswa ngexesha lobushushu baselwandle. KuLwandlekazi oluMazantsi, ukufudumala okuqhubelekayo kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nokuhla kwekrill, kunye nokuncipha kweentaka ezininzi zolwandle kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle.
Ukufudumala kolwandle kuqhuba ikhonkco leempembelelo ezinxulumana noluntu. Uluntu oluxhomekeke kulwandlekazi ukuze luziphilise mihla le - elona lizwe lihlwempuzekileyo elunxwemeni - kusenokwenzeka ukuba lifumane ilahleko enkulu. Ushishino lokuloba oluselwandle, ukhenketho, i-aquaculture, ulawulo lwengozi elunxwemeni kunye nokhuseleko lokutya zonke zisongelwa kukufudumala kolwandle okudityaniswa nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo nokwanda kwabantu.
Iilwandle ekudibaneni kweendlela
Ingxelo indulula uluhlu lwamanyathelo okujongana nezi mpembelelo, kubandakanywa ukuthomalalisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2, ukuqinisa imimandla yaselwandle ekhuselweyo, kunye nokukhusela ulwandle oluphezulu kunye nolwandle oluphantsi kolwandle phantsi koMthetho woLwandle nokwandisa iNgqungquthela yeLifa leHlabathi.
Abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-IUCN World Conservation Congress eqhubekayo e-Honolulu, eHawai'i, basebenzela ukujongana neminye yale mingeni.
Kule veki, amakhulu-khulu abathunywa aza kuvotela isindululo sokwandisa indawo ekhuselweyo yaselwandle yolondolozo olusebenzayo lwezityalo nezilwanyana zaselwandle. Kude kufuphi nalapho badibana khona, iPapahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument kufuphi nonxweme lwaseHawai'i, indawo ye-UNESCO yeLifa leMveli yeLifa leMveli, yandiswe kwiveki ephelileyo ukuze yenze eyona ndawo yogcino lwaselwandle inkulu ehlabathini.
“Ndinethemba elikhulu lokuba iPapahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument ayizukuligcina igama ixesha elide, ukuba omnye umntu uya kuhambela phambili akhusele nangakumbi” – USally Jewell, unobhala wezangaphakathi wase-US, ethetha kukuvulwa kweNkongolo ye-IUCN.
Esinye isiphakamiso esiza kuvotelwa kwiNkongolo ye-IUCN sijongene nokuqhubela phambili ulondolozo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kweyantlukwano yebhayoloji kulwandle oluphezulu, olubalelwa kwisibini kwisithathu seelwandle zehlabathi.
Isindululo sokufikelela kwiinkqubo zokumela iindawo ezikhuselweyo e-Antarctica nakuLwandle oluMazantsi nazo ziyakuvotelwa.
ICongress kwakhona kulindeleke ukuba ithathe isigqibo malunga nezindululo ezijongana neendlela zengingqi zokujongana nengxaki yehlabathi yenkunkuma yaselwandle, kunye nokukhuselwa kweendawo zokuhlala zaselwandle naselunxwemeni kwinkunkuma yasemigodini. Ukuqwalasela indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa ziilwandle kutshintsho lwemozulu, esinye isiphakamiso sicebisa ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo kakhulu ulwandle kulawulo lwemozulu.
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- Ingxelo indulula uluhlu lwamanyathelo okujongana nezi mpembelelo, kubandakanywa ukuthomalalisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2, ukuqinisa imimandla yaselwandle ekhuselweyo, kunye nokukhusela ulwandle oluphezulu kunye nolwandle oluphantsi kolwandle phantsi koMthetho woLwandle nokwandisa iNgqungquthela yeLifa leHlabathi.
- The resulting ocean warming and acidification have added to other pressures on marine life, such as pollution and over-fishing, and the populations of many species are shrinking or shifting in response.
- The Congress is also expected to decide on motions dealing with regional approaches to tackling the global problem of marine litter, and on the protection of marine and coastal habitats from mining waste.
