Ngaba lomelele kangakanani ukhenketho ngo-2009?

Ishishini lezokhenketho kwihlabathi jikelele liqale ngo-2009 lilungiselelwe kakuhle ukukhwela. Iintsuku zokudideka kunye nezothuso zokusabela emngciphekweni kunye neentlekele ngokuthe ngcembe ziye zaphela kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukusukela kwikota yokugqibela ka-2008, bekukho ulwazi olugcweleyo lokuba imeko yoqoqosho lwehlabathi iza kuba nefuthe kukhenketho, nto leyo ehlala ibonwa ngokubanzi njengomsebenzi woqoqosho olunokuzikhethela. Nangona i-United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) baye baseka iikomiti zokunyamezela ukhenketho, onke amacandelo oshishino ayefuna ukomelela ngendlela yawo.

Umceli mngeni ekwabelwana ngawo kushishino lwezokhenketho lwehlabathi ngo-2009 ibe yingxaki yemali yehlabathi. Lilonke, abakhenkethi abafikayo bamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kukaJanuwari no-Agasti kwihlabathi jikelele behle nge-7 pesenti ngexesha elinye ngo-2008 kodwa oku kufihle okunye ukwehla okuquka inkcitho yomntu ngamnye kunye nabahambi abathatha uhambo olufutshane ngokomgama kunye nexesha. Iimpawu ezivela kwi UNWTO kukuba ukuvuselelwa okuncinci kuqale ngexesha lesiqingatha sesibini sika-2009.

Ezo ndawo zokusingwa kunye namashishini okhenketho agxile kwixabiso lemveliso yemali kunye nokufikeleleka aphelise ingxaki yemali yehlabathi (GFC) kakuhle, kwaye iAfrika irekhoda ukukhula. Ezo ndawo zokufikela ezizigqatse njengamaziko obutofotofo kunye nokuziyolisa zijongene nonyaka onzima kakhulu. IDubai yayingumzekelo obalaseleyo wale yokugqibela. Ingozi yokuvula iipropathi ezininzi eDubai ezibekwe phezulu ekupheleni kwemarike yokulala ngexesha lokungakhathali kwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi kwabonakala kungumxube onetyhefu eDubai ngowama-2009. Iihotele ezi-3 kunye ne-4 zeenkwenkwezi ukubhenela imarike yohambo ebanzi.

Kwicandelo leenqwelomoya bekukho utshintsho olugqitywe kwimfuno ebhekiselele kubathuthi bexabiso eliphantsi kwaye uninzi lweenkampani zeenqwelomoya ezinikezela ngenkonzo epheleleyo ziye zasokola ukwaphula. Ibango lezihlalo zodidi lokuqala neloshishino liye lehla ngo-2009, nangona iinqwelo-moya eziye zazisa izihlalo zoqoqosho lwepremiyamu ziye zafumana ukwanda kwenani lezitulo ingakumbi ezisuka kwicandelo leshishini lokuhamba ngeendleko. Abachithi bemveli abakhulu kuhambo lweshishini kuquka abantu bezoshishino abasuka kwicandelo lezemali bebephantsi koqwalaselo lukawonke-wonke kunye namajelo eendaba ukuze bacuthe inkcitho njengoko uninzi lwabo eYurophu naseMntla Melika bebesebenzela amashishini afumana inkxaso-mali eninzi ngokukhutshwa kwentlawulo yerhafu. Omnye weyona mizekelo ibalaseleyo yenqwelo moya ekhuphe isaqhwithi sezoqoqosho ngo-2009 ibe ngumthuthi waseOstreliya iQantas, eyandise kakhulu ukusebenza kwexabiso eliphantsi lohlobo lweJetstar kwaye yanciphisa ukusebenza kwenkonzo yayo epheleleyo yeQantas. uphawu lomthwali. IQantas yayingomnye wabathwali abakhulu bamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bathumele inzuzo ngo-2009 nangona ngokwemigangatho yayo inzuzo yayincinci.

Ukuhamba ngenqanawa yenye yeendawo eziqaqambileyo kukhenketho ngo-2009. Ukuqukwa ngokupheleleyo kweentlawulo zokuhamba ngenqanawa (eziquka indawo yokuhlala, ezothutho, ukonwabisa ebhodini kunye nokutya) kukhokelele kuhlumo olumandla kubaxhasi ngeenqanawa kunye nokwandiswa komtsalane wokuhamba ngenqanawa ngokubanzi kwimarike yohambo. kuluhlu olukhulayo lwabantu.

Isiphelo esiphezulu semarike yendawo yokuhlala, ngokufanayo kunye nokuphela kweprimiyamu yentengiso yenqwelo moya yayinonyaka onzima ngo-2009 kwaye kwakukho uxinzelelo olunzima lokunciphisa iindleko kunye nesaphulelo kwiihotele zodidi. Inyathelo elibhekiselele kuphawu oluninzi lweehotele oluqhutywa ngempumelelo liqela le-ACCOR lubonakalise ukuba sisicwangciso esinempumelelo kakhulu sokunyamezela. Kule meko iihotele zodidi oluphakathi zibonelele ngenkxaso kwiimpawu zeprimiyamu ezitsala nzima.

Ukhenketho ngo-2009 luqhubekile lusongelwa ngabanqolobi. Ukuqhushumba kwehotele i-JW Marriott eJakarta ngoJulayi ka-2009 ngumqhushumbisi ozibuleleyo, owayelundwendwe oluhlawulayo lwale hotele, kwaveza isoyikiso esitsha nesiphazamisayo sokhuseleko kwiihotele kwihlabathi jikelele. Abaphangi abazinze eSomalia engekho mthethweni abakhange bagrogrise nje kuphela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kodwa bade benza neenzame zokuhlasela inqwelo yabahambi ngenqanawa. Uhlaselo lwarhoxiswa ziinkcukacha zokhuseleko lwenqanawa. Kuzo zonke ikhonkco kwikhonkco lezokhenketho, imiba yokhuseleko yahlala iyinkxalabo ephambili ngexesha le-2009. Ulwaphulo-mthetho kwi-Caribbean olujoliswe kubakhenkethi lwaluyinkxalabo ekhethekileyo eTrinidad naseTobago. kunye nobunqolobi bunakho ukusongela ubukho bezemali kukhenketho oluninzi kunye namashishini obubele aswele ukhuseleko oluyimfuneko.

Iintlekele zemvelo ziya kuhlala zisisongelo kukhenketho. I-tsunami ye-28 kaSeptemba eyabetha unxweme olusemazantsi kwisiqithi saseSamoa sase-Upolu kunye ne-American Samoa yabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiindawo zokungcebeleka zonxweme kwaye yakhokelela ekufeni ukuba ubuncinane abakhenkethi abalishumi phakathi kwenani lokufa kwe-200 kwi-Samoa ezimbini. Njengoko kwakunjalo ngeTsunami yoLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya yowama-2004, indawo ekhuselekileyo yendawo yokuhlalisa ukhenketho elunxwemeni yaphinda yatshiswa njengomba oxhalabisayo. Ishishini lezokhenketho laseSamoa kunye nenkxaso evela kwi-Pacific Asia Travel Association iye yakhawuleza ukuthatha inyathelo lokubuyisela ukuzithemba kukhenketho ukususela kwi-tsunami.

Ngo-Oktobha, i UNWTO ikhuphe amanyathelo amabini abalulekileyo. Eyokuqala yaba kukukhutshwa kwenkonzo yewebhu engakholelekiyo ethi www.sos.travel esesona sixhobo sibalaseleyo solawulo lwentlekele yokhenketho. Okwesibini kukukhululwa eTashkent yayo "Imephu yendlela yoBuyiselo," esisikhokelo sokuphendula ukuhla kwezoqoqosho.

Ukutshintsha kwemozulu yingxaki erhubuluzayo enefuthe elibanzi kushishino lwezokhenketho. Njengoko lo mbhali ekhankanyile kwinqaku le-ETN lamva nje, iNkomfa kaDisemba ka-2009 yokuTshintsha kweMozulu yaseCopenhagen yasilela kwinjongo yayo yokufikelela kwisivumelwano esibophelelayo sehlabathi malunga nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi. Ishishini lezokhenketho linenketho encinci yokuqhubeka kwimpendulo yalo esebenzayo kutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi nokuba zithini na iziphumo zeenkomfa zehlabathi.

Olona qwalaselo luncumisayo olunokuthi lwenziwe kukuba kwishumi leminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane yama-21 ukhenketho lwehlabathi kunye neshishini lokwamkela iindwendwe liye lakhula ngobuchwephesha kwindlela yalo yokulawula umngcipheko kunye nobunzima. Ukususela kwimibutho emikhulu kuquka UNWTO, IBhunga leWorld Travel & Tourism Council kunye nePATA kukhenketho lomntu ngamnye kunye nokwamkela amashishini umngcipheko kunye nolawulo lonxunguphalo lube yinxalenye yezixhobo zolawulo kuneziganeko eziphembelela ukuphakuzela.

Ngo-2009, ishishini lokhenketho liye lajongana nemiceli mngeni engqongqo kodwa liye lavela kulo nyaka lixakene noko kodwa lijongene no-2010 ngokuzithemba kukhenketho liqala ukuvela kancinci kancinci. Ukuba u-2009 ibingunyaka wokomelela kwezokhenketho, u-2010 ngethemba uya kuba ngunyaka wokuvuselela ukhenketho.

Umbhali nguMfundisi oMkhulu kuKhenketho kwiYunivesithi yeTekhnoloji-eSydney