Umbuzo 1: Nangaphezulu kunangaphambili ukuzinza kuphambili kunye neziko lazo zonke iintetho kwishishini lokuhamba. Ukhuthazwa kangakanani ngamanyathelo athathiweyo ngabadlali abakhulu – urhulumente kunye necandelo labucala kuShishino lokuHamba? Ngaba uqinisekile ukuba ingaphezulu kwentetho kunye nokuhlamba okuluhlaza?
Obekekileyo. UMphathiswa uBartlett: Uzinzo kufuneka lufakwe kumbindi wokhenketho lwehlabathi kunye nenkqubo yendalo yohambo. Oku kufuna ukuzinikela okwandisiweyo kunye notyalo-mali phakathi kwabadlali kunye nabachaphazelekayo kushishino lokuhamba kunye nokhenketho ukuphendula kwizoyikiso ezinjengokunqongophala kwezixhobo, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi, iintlekele zendalo, ilahleko yezinto eziphilayo, ukuthotywa kolwandle kunye nonxweme, ukukhukuliseka kwenkcubeko kunye nelifa lemveli kunye neendleko eziphezulu zamandla. .
Ngelishwa, ukhenketho kunye neshishini lokuhamba, kunye nogxininiso lokwamkela iindwendwe, ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kunye nokubonelela ngamava akhumbulekayo, ngokwesiko ngumzekelo weendlela ezigqithisiweyo zokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokuthi, kwiimeko ezininzi, zijongele phantsi uzinzo. Kuyavunywa ukuba, phakathi kwezinye izibonelelo, ishishini lokhenketho lisebenzisa izixa ezikhulu zamandla ukunika intuthuzelo kunye neenkonzo kwiindwendwe zalo, ngokwezinga eliphantsi lokusebenzisa amandla.
Ubonelelo lwamandla, olubalulekileyo kushishino lwezokhenketho, lusalawulwa ziimveliso ze-oyile ezinyusa ukuba sesichengeni kwelizwe kwimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokusetyenziswa kwamafutha aphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokuguquguquka kwexabiso le-oyile, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ishishini lihlale likhuphisana. Kungoku nje, ushishino lwezokhenketho lwehlabathi luthwele uxanduva lwepesenti ezintlanu ukuya kwezisibhozo zokukhutshwa kwerhasi yobushushu behlabathi (GHG), kubandakanywa iinqwelomoya, izithuthi zaselwandle nezasemhlabeni, ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kweehotele, kunye nesifudumezi-moya nokufudumeza.
Ubukhulu becala, phakathi kweendawo ezininzi zokusingwa, izibonelelo zoqoqosho kukhenketho zihlala zixinana phakathi kwamashishini amakhulu, umzekelo iihotele ezinkulu, abavelisi kunye nababoneleli. Ke ngoko kukho imfuneko ecacileyo yezicwangciso ezithe kratya kunye namalinge akhuthaza unxibelelwano olunzulu kunye nentatho-nxaxheba yoqoqosho lwasekhaya kwikhonkco lexabiso.
Ukongeza, indalo yaselwandle neyonxweme isesemngciphekweni omkhulu wophuhliso lokhenketho. Iindawo ezitsala abakhenkethi beziphantsi koxinzelelo olwandayo lomonakalo kunye nongcoliseko olubangelwa zizibonelelo zabakhenkethi kunye neziseko ezixhasayo. Kwangaxeshanye, iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo nezinye izenzo ezingazinzanga, kwanezinye izenzo zokhenketho lwaselwandle zonakalisa i-ikhosistim yaselwandle, efana ne-coral reef ezibalulekileyo ekugcineni iyantlukwano yendalo kunye nokulawula imozulu.
Kuyavunywa ukuba, kubekho inkqubela-phambili ngokubhekiselele kusetyenziso olukhulu lwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo, ukurisayikilisha, ubuchwepheshe bamandla akrelekrele, idijithali kunye ne-automation kunye nokukhula kwamacandelo okhenketho oluzinzileyo afana ne-ecotourism, ukhenketho lwezempilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kunye nenkcubeko kunye nokhenketho lwelifa.
Nangona kunjalo, isantya sokutshintshela kwimodeli yokhenketho ezinzileyo kufuneka sikhawuleziswe. Owona mceli-mngeni uphambili ngoku ngowokwenza imodeli yokukhula kokhenketho ihambelane ngakumbi nomgangatho wobomi boluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nokugcinwa kokuphela ngokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yendalo kunye nemithombo yobutyebi. Oku kufuna ukuba kuyilwe imigaqo-nkqubo ehlangeneyo—ngothatho-nxaxheba lwecandelo labucala, urhulumente kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni—ukuchonga iinkalo eziphambili zokukhuthaza uzinzo, ukuyila nokukhuthaza amaqhinga okufikelela usukelo nokukwazi ukubeka iliso nokubamba amaqela anoxanduva lokuphendula ngeziphumo.
Umbuzo 2: Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunempembelelo enkulu kubomi boqoqosho lwabakhenkethi abangaphuhliswanga kakhulu kunye noluntu – ubanceda njani? Ubomi baselwandle, iingqaqa zekorale kunye neelwandle zikwindawo ezininzi ezikwimeko yonxunguphalo – ilungiswa njani loo nto?
Obekekileyo. UMphathiswa uBartlett: esona sisoyikiso sikhoyo siphambili esijongene neshishini lezokhenketho, ngakumbi kwimeko yeendawo zokusingwa zeziqithi kukutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokwembono yelizwe lam, i Ishishini lokhenketho laseJamaican inobuntununtunu bemozulu, kwaye, njengeziqithi ezininzi zeCaribbean, imveliso yokhenketho yaseJamaica iselunxwemeni, igxile “kwilanga, ulwandle nesanti.” Isiqithi ke ngoko sisesichengeni semingcipheko emininzi ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, kuqukwa nokunyuka komgangatho wolwandle kunye neziganeko ezigqithisileyo, ezineempembelelo eziba neziphumo ezifana nokukhukuliseka kweelwandle, izikhukhula, ukungena kwetyuwa kwi-aquifers kunye nokuthotywa konxweme ngokubanzi.
Ngokubanzi, utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi zezona zoyikiso zingxamisekileyo kukhenketho lwehlabathi; ichaphazela yonke imilinganiselo yemveliso yokhenketho enomtsalane-isanti, ulwandle, ilanga, ukutya kunye nabantu. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunxulunyaniswa nezisongelo ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo kwicandelo elibandakanya ukungakhuseleki kokutya, ukunqongophala kwamanzi, ukushisa okukhulu, iinkanyamba ezinzima, ukukhukuliseka kolwandle, ukulahleka kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuwa kweziseko zophuhliso ezibalulekileyo, iinkxalabo zokhuseleko kunye nokwanda kweendleko ze-inshorensi.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kubeka isoyikiso esikhulu kukhenketho lwaselwandle nolwaselwandle, oluyintsika yamazwe eSiqithi esiNcinci, esibalelwa kwikota yoqoqosho lulonke, kunye nesihlanu sayo yonke imisebenzi kwiCaribbean kuphela. Ngokukodwa, iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu zijongela phantsi impilo yendalo engaselunxwemeni naselwandle, esebenza njengemithombo ebalulekileyo yokutya, ingeniso, urhwebo neenqanawa, izimbiwa, amandla, unikezelo lwamanzi, ulonwabo kunye nokhenketho kuqoqosho lweziqithi.
Ngokusekelwe kumxholo ochaziweyo, ushishino lwezokhenketho kufuneka lubeke phambili ngokungxamisekileyo ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kufuneka kubekho ukuzinikela okukhulu kunye namanyathelo abambekayo ngakumbi ukulungelelanisa ukhenketho kunye nemibono yoqoqosho oluluhlaza noluhlaza. Oku kufuna ugxininiso olwandisiweyo phakathi kwabachaphazelekayo kukhenketho ukunciphisa icarbon footprint yecandelo nokwenza ukhenketho oluselunxwemeni nolusekwe elwandle luzinze ngakumbi; ukuxhasa ukuvuselelwa kwenkqubo yendalo kunye nolondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Ukukhuthaza uqoqosho lolwandle oluzinzileyo kunye nokutyhalela umva kwiingozi ezahlukeneyo kunxweme olusempilweni nakwinkqubo yendalo yaselwandle, 'Inyathelo loLwandlekazi' lifuneka ngokukhawuleza njengoko impilo yolwandle iqhubeleka ukuhla ngokukhawuleza.
Njengesicwangciso sayo esingundoqo sokwakha uqoqosho lolwandle oluzinzileyo, oluyimizekelo yezoqoqosho ekhuthaza ukhuseleko olusebenzayo, ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo ezinzileyo kunye nemveliso kunye nokuchuma okulinganayo ngaxeshanye, i-Ocean Panel, equka iinkokeli zehlabathi ezili-16, sele imisele injongo yebhongo yokuphumeza i-100% ezinzileyo. ulawulo lwemimandla yolwandle phantsi kolawulo lwesizwe.
Lilonke, ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiinzame zokuqonda ngakumbi, zangabom kunye neziyilwe ngokufanayo ukukhawulezisa utshintsho kwiipateni ezizinzileyo kunye nezilungele ukusingqongileyo zemveliso, amandla, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokwakha ezilungelelanisa ukubaluleka kozinzo lokusingqongileyo kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho ukhenketho.
Umbuzo 3: Ingaba uluntu lwasekuhlaleni luncedwa njani ukuze lube nenxaxheba enkulu kunye nembuyekezo kolu shishino luxabisa izigidi ngezigidi zeedola?
Obekekileyo. UMphathiswa uBartlett: Abathathi-nxaxheba bokhenketho kurhulumente kunye necandelo labucala kufuneka bazinzise intsebenziswano ukuze baphonononge izicwangciso-qhinga ezitsha neziyilayo ukukhulisa nokwandisa amathuba oqoqosho anokuthi aveliswe ngokuthe ngqo nangokungathanga ngqo kukhenketho nemisebenzi enxulumene nokhenketho. Oku kuya kujongana nenkxalabo ehleliyo yokuba uphuhliso lokhenketho aluphumelelanga ukwenza unxibelelwano oluluqilima lwezoqoqosho noluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nabemi. Lilonke, kubalulekile ukuchonga ngokucacileyo iindawo apho amathuba akhoyo akhoyo okusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kweempahla neenkonzo kushishino lwezokhenketho olunokuthi lubonelelwe luluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukuvala le ngxaki yokuvuza.
Abathathi-nxaxheba bokhenketho bayakhuthazwa ukuba bakhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo ebanzi yokhenketho loluntu kunye nezicwangciso eziliqili zokukhuthaza icandelo lokhenketho elomeleziweyo kuluntu olutyebisa umgangatho wobomi boluntu ngeenzuzo zentlalo, inkcubeko, uqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo, ngumzekelo wendlela yokuphila ezinzileyo, kunye nokomeleza imigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe elixabisekileyo kunye nomdla. Ezi njongo kufuneka ziphunyezwe ngokuchongwa kwezicwangciso eziliqili ezihambelana nendlela yobambiswano, ebonisa ikhwelo lokubandakanywa koluntu ngokuqinisekisa ukuba oorhulumente, uluntu, ii-NGOs kunye necandelo labucala basebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo ukwandisa inzuzo yezoqoqosho kukhenketho kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
Ngokungqinelana nale njongo, eJamaica iTourism Linkages Network yasekwa ngo-2013 ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo ezinokufumaneka ngokukhuphisanayo ekuhlaleni; ukulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo nezicwangciso-qhinga zokuqinisa unxibelelwano namanye amacandelo oqoqosho ingakumbi amacandelo olonwabo, ezolimo nelemveliso; ukomeleza izibonelelo ezizuzwa kushishino ngabahlali basekuhlaleni kunye noluntu; ukukhuthaza intatho-nxaxheba ebanzi yabemi kunye nokuququzelela amathuba onxibelelwano olungcono, ukwabelana ngolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano kuwo wonke amacandelo.
Ngo-2016 saye saqalisa – iNational Community Tourism Portal, eye yasisixhobo esihle kakhulu sokuthengisa esiyilelwe ukunceda amashishini okhenketho asekuhlaleni ahambelane nokhuphiswano.
Ikwenze oku: ngokwazisa uluntu ukhenketho eJamaica; ukubonelela ngolwazi olubanzi nolubandakanyayo malunga nemveliso yokhenketho yoluntu lwaseJamaica; ukubonelela ngeendlela ezilula zokubhukisha ukhenketho loluntu; kunye nokubonelela ngamaShishini oKhenketho asekuHlaleni (CBTEs) ngeenkonzo ezifikelelekayo nezineendleko zokuthengisa nge-imeyile.
Inkampani yoPhuhliso lweeMveliso zoKhenketho (TPDCo) ikwaqhuba imisebenzi yokwazisa ukhenketho kwaye ibonelele ngoncedo lobugcisa kukhenketho lwendalo, iBed & Breakfast (B&B), ukhenketho lwezolimo, ukhenketho lwelifa lenkcubeko, kunye neeprojekthi zophuhliso lobugcisa kunye nobugcisa.
Umbuzo 4: Umntu othandabuzayo unokuphikisana nolunye utshintsho olukhulu olufunekayo ukuba luphunyezwe yi-CO2 ekhupha iinqwelo zeenqwelo zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya ukuya kwiindawo ezifana neCaribbean kunye neekhilomitha zokutya ekungeniseni ukutya kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ukusuka kwiikhilomitha ezininzi kude - ngaba iyalungiswa?
Obekekileyo. UMphathiswa uBartlett: Ngoku, izibaso zezothutho (ipetroli, idizili, nezibaso zejethi) aphakathi kwawona macandelo asebenzisa amandla amaninzi ehlabathini. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ishishini lokuhamba linegalelo elikhulu kumanqanaba okukhutshwa kweCO2 yehlabathi, xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu beshishini. Ngelixa uqoqosho lweCaribbean luxhomekeke kakhulu kushishino lokhenketho kunye nokhenketho, lukwakwimeko elusizi yokuba phakathi koqoqosho lwehlabathi oluchatshazelwa kakhulu lutshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi. Oku kugxininisa ukungqubana komdla oqhele ukujongana nawo lo mmandla.
Lulungelelwano olucekethekileyo ekufuneka luqhutywe ngobuchule. Enye indlela yokuyijonga kukwamkela ukuba iinqwelomoya zenziwa kuqoqosho oluphuhlileyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba utshintsho kumandla ombane kufuneka luqale ukwenzeka kwinqanaba loyilo. Izigqeba zokhenketho zengingqi nezamazwe ngamazwe kunye nabasemagunyeni kufuneka basebenzise onke amaqonga akhoyo ukugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuzibophelela kweshishini lokwenziwa kweenqwelomoya kuyilo oluwonga amandla.
Sisenokucinga kwakhona malunga nendlela esinokuzisa ngayo izohlwayo ezifanelekileyo kunye nembuyekezo yeenqwelo-moya ezisekelwe ekuzibopheleleni kwazo kwiithagethi ezithile/iinjongo eziyilelwe ukukhuthaza uzinzo lokusingqongileyo. Ngokubhekiselele ekuthembeleni ngokugqithisileyo ekutyeni nakwizixhobo ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle kwiimarike ezikude, injongo ephambili ngokucacileyo ikukuba uninzi lwala magalelo athathwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokufika nokusuka, endaweni yokusuka kwiimarike ezimbalwa ezikhethiweyo. Kwakhona, oku kufuneka kube yinto ekhokelwa lishishini ngokubonisana nabachaphazelekayo abaphambili bangaphandle.
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- Energy supply, vital for the tourism industry, is still dominated by oil products which increases a country's vulnerability to the environmental impact of fossil-fuel use, as well as to oil price volatility, which makes it difficult for the industry to remain competitive.
- Kuyavunywa ukuba, kubekho inkqubela-phambili ngokubhekiselele kusetyenziso olukhulu lwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo, ukurisayikilisha, ubuchwepheshe bamandla akrelekrele, idijithali kunye ne-automation kunye nokukhula kwamacandelo okhenketho oluzinzileyo afana ne-ecotourism, ukhenketho lwezempilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kunye nenkcubeko kunye nokhenketho lwelifa.
- The key challenge is now how to make the tourism growth model more compatible with the quality of life of local communities as well as the preservation of rapidly depleting natural ecosystems and resources.
