EFORTH LAUDERDALE - Ngerekhodi yokukhula okuqhubekekayo, ishishini lokuhamba ngenqanawa eMntla Melika likwindawo entle yokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiceli mngeni yezoqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2009. Ikhutshwe ziinqanawa ezintsha, amazibuko, neendawo ekuyiwa kuzo kunye namava amatsha e-shipboard, kunye neengcambu ezinzulu Ukuthandwa kohambo lokuhamba ngenqanawa, amalungu e-Cruise Lines International Association (i-CLIA) aya kuqhubeka nokubonelela ngexabiso elingathethekiyo kwikhefu lokuhamba ngeenqanawa, kuwo onke amaxabiso.
Alithandabuzeki elokuba u-2009 umele imeko-bume engaqinisekanga, hayi kumalungu e-CLIA kuphela kodwa kuwo onke amashishini kunye nabathengi ngokufanayo. Nangona kunjalo, amalungu e-CLIA aqinisekile ukuba baya kuyilwa imiceli mngeni kwaye bavele bomelele kunakuqala, njengangaphambili. Olu lushishino olucwangcisela kwangaphambili kwaye lutyala imali kwixesha elizayo, njengoko oko kungqinwa linani elinomtsalane leenqanawa ezintsha ezilungeleleneyo ukuya kutsho ngo-2012, nezo ziza kuba negalelo elihle ekuvuseleleni uqoqosho lweli lizwe, ”utshilo uTerry L. Dale, umongameli ne-CEO ye-CLIA . "Ukwahluka okumangalisayo kunye nokuhluka kwenqanawa kunika abathengi ithuba elikhethekileyo lokufumana iholide elingana nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali nakwexesha lokudodobala kwezoqoqosho kwaye silindele ukuba abantu baseMntla Melika, baseYurophu kunye nabakhenkethi abasuka kwihlabathi liphela baphendule kakuhle."
Ukukhula koShishino kunye neMpembelelo yezoQoqosho
Ukusukela ngo-1980 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ixesha elibandakanya ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kunye neengxaki zamanye amazwe, ukukhula okuphakathi konyaka kushishino lokuhamba ngenqanawa eMntla Melika kuma kwiipesenti eziyi-7.4. Abahambi abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezili-13.2 bahamba ngenqanawa ngo-2008, benyuka besuka kwi-12.56 yezigidi ngo-2007. Xa kuthelekiswa nomthamo wabakhweli bamalungu e-CLIA abayi-7.2 yezigidi ngo-2000, umthamo wabakhweli wonyaka unyuke ngama-79% kule minyaka isibhozo idlulileyo. Abantu baseMntla Melika babalelwa kwizigidi ezili-10.15 zabakhweli ngo-2007 kwaye inani leendwendwe ezisuka kumazwe angaphandle ezikhulayo zikhula ngokugqwesileyo unyaka nonyaka. Kwikota yesithathu ka-2008, imigca ye-CLIA yabona ukonyuka kwama-30 eepesenti ngonyaka kubakhweli bamanye amazwe, kunye noqikelelo lokuphela konyaka kukuba iindwendwe ezizizigidi ezingama-3.05 ziya kutsalwa kumkhombe wenqanawa wamalungu e-CLIA abamele iipesenti ezingama-23 zabakhenkethi behlabathi be-CLIA. I-CLIA iphinde iqikelele ukuba ngo-2009, abantu abazizigidi ezili-13.5 baya kuhamba ngenqanawa, ukwanda ngeepesenti ezi-2.3.
Kwangaxeshanye, ishishini lokuhamba ngenqanawa laseMntla Melika liyaqhubeka nokwenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseMelika, lithumela ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezintandathu zempembelelo yezinga lokukhula koqoqosho (2007 phezu 2006). Ishishini lokuhamba ngenqanawa livelise i-$38 yeebhiliyoni kwisiphumo soqoqosho sisonke sase-US ngo-2007, amanani akutshanje akhoyo. Eli shishini livelisa uphuhliso lweshishini notyalo-mali, ukudala imisebenzi kunye nenkcitho kuwo onke amaphondo angama-50, lidala imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-350,000 kwilizwe lonke ngowama-2007 kuphela. Inkcitho ethe ngqo e-US ngo-2007 kwimpahla kunye neenkonzo yayingaphezulu kwe-18 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, i-5.9 yepesenti yonyuka ngo-2006.
Ngokwe-CLIA's 2008 Cruise Market Profile, phantse ama-34 ezigidi zabantu baseMelika bazimisele ukuthatha uhambo ngenqanawa kule minyaka mithathu izayo. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-94 zabo bonke abahamba ngenqanawe ngokwamava abo okwanelisa ama-44 eepesenti besithi eyona ndawo “yanelisa kakhulu” yenza inqanawe phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo ekudibaneni nasekudluliseni ulindelo lweendwendwe. Nangona ingxaki yoqoqosho lwehlabathi inokuba nefuthe kwiinjongo zabathengi, ezi nkcukacha-manani zinika ishishini lokuhamba ngenqanawa ukuba lithembele ekubeni iimfuno zokuhamba ngenqanawa ziya kuqhubeka zomelele, ngokukaDale.
Iinqanawa ezintsha
Ngo-2009, iinqanawa ze-CLIA ziyakwamkela iinqanawa ezintsha ezili-14, ngexabiso elipheleleyo leedola eziyi-4.8 zeebhiliyoni zeedola ezisusela kubakhweli abangama-82 ukuya kwabagibeli abangama-5,400 kwaye zinika uluhlu olubanzi lwamava okuhamba ngenqanawa kuquka nohambo lwaselunxwemeni nolomlambo, iihambo zeCaribbean nezaseYurophu nohambo oluya zonke iindawo zehlabathi. Iinqanawa ezintsha zibandakanya:
I-American Cruise Line: Ukuzimela, abagibeli abayi-104 (Agasti)
AMAWATERWAYS: U-Amadolce, abakhweli abali-148 (Epreli) kunye no-ms Amalrya, abakhweli abali-148 (ngasekupheleni kuka-2009)
Umzila weCarnival Cruise: Iphupha leCarnival, abakhweli abangama-3,646 (Septemba)
Uhambo loSaziwayo: I-Equinox yoSaziwayo, abakhweli abangama-2,850 (ehlotyeni)
ICosta Cruises: ICosta Luminosa, abakhweli abangama-2,260 3,000 (ngoJuni) kunye neCosta Pacifica, abakhweli abangama-XNUMX XNUMX (ngoJuni)
I-MSC Cruises: I-MSC Splendida, abakhweli abangama-3,300 XNUMX (ngoJulayi)
I-Pearl Seas Cruises: I-Pearl Mist, abagibeli abangama-210 (ngoJulayi)
I-Royal Caribbean International: I-Oasis yeLwandle, abagibeli abangama-5,400 XNUMX (ekwindla)
Umgaqo wokuhamba ngeenqanawa eSeabourn: I-Seabourn Odyssey, abakhweli abangama-450 (ngoJuni)
I-Silversea Cruises: Umoya weSilivere, abagibeli abangama-540 (ngoNovemba)
Ingqokelela ye-Uniworld Boutique River Cruise: UMlambo iBeatrice, abakhweli abali-160 (ngoMatshi) noMlambo iTosca, abakhweli abangama-82 (Epreli)
Njengokuba ezi nqanawa zongezwa ngo-2009, iinqanawa ezintathu ziyakushiya iinqanawa ze-CLIA (zisiwe kwezinye iinkampani) -iGlobal Celebrity, iMSC Rhapsody kunye neNorway Majness yeNorway. Ukonyuka komthamo wenqanawa ye-CLIA ngo-2009 iyakuba ziibhedi ezili-18,031, okanye iipesenti ezi-6.5, ukuphela konyaka. Ukubeka amanqaku kwimihla yokuhanjiswa kwenqanawa kunye neyona mihla yokusebenza, amalungu e-CLIA onyaka anyuswe ngamanqanaba emilinganiselo ye-4.8%.
Iimarike zokukhula
Unyaka ozayo uya kubona ukuhlukahluka okuqhubekayo kunye nokwandiswa kwehlabathi jikelele kwemisebenzi yokuhamba ngenqanawa. Ngelixa iCaribbean, iAlaska kunye neYurophu zihlala zizimakethi eziphambili, uninzi lwamalungu e-CLIA lubhengeze izicwangciso zokwandisa ubukho babo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, kubandakanya iAsia, iCanada / iNew England, i-Indian Ocean kunye ne-Afrika, iAmazon kunye neBrazil, KuMbindi Mpuma kunye nemimandla yeArctic, kuquka iNewfoundland kunye neGreenland. Ngaphakathi kweYurophu kuya kubakho amathuba amatsha okuhamba ngenqanawa e-UK, eScandinavia nakumantla Yurophu nasempuma Yurophu. Kuya kubakho ukhetho olukhulu kuhambo lwenqanawa lwehlabathi kunye nohambo lwe-transatlantic ngokunjalo.
Imizekelo yamazibuko amatsha okanye asahlumayo kwihlabathi liphela: IDubai, Abu Dhabi neBahrain (iArabian Gulf); IMumbai (eIndiya); IHvar, iKorcula, iSarande (yeAdriatic); ISihanoukville (eCambodia); Iles Des Saintes (eGuadeloupe); ISylt (emantla Yurophu); IKomodo (Indonesia); “Iziqithi zeVirgin” zasePuerto Rico ICooper Island, iCoconut Grove, iTurks kunye neCaicos (eCaribbean); IRovinj (eCroatia); L'Ile-Rousse (eFrance); Ischia, Cinque Terre kunye nePuglia (e-Itali); IBonne Bay (eNewfoundland); Itajai, (eBrazil); IBatumi (Georgia); IMaputo (eMozambiki); IAshdode neHaifa (uSirayeli); UKoper (eSlovenia); kunye namanye amazibuko ngakunxweme lweDalmatia, eJapan naseKorea naseIndonesia.
Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubathengi abafuna ixabiso yinto yokuba amalungu e-CLIA ehamba ngeenqanawa anikezela ngeenqanawa ezisuka kumazibuko asekhaya angaphaya kwama-30 ngakwiMpuma, eNtshona naseGulf Coast kunye nemilambo emikhulu eCanada naseNew England naseMelika Midwest naseNtshona. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabemi baseMelika bakumgama wokuqhuba kwizibuko lokuhamba ngenqanawa. La mazibuko okuqala "kufutshane neKhaya", abonelela ngokwazi ukuqhuba ngesikhephe, amele ithuba lokonga okubonakalayo ngokuphelisa iindleko zomoya.
Ukutsha kwebhodi yokuhambisa
Abakhenkethi abahamba ngeenqanawa banokulindela ukuvela okuqhubekayo kwezixhobo zebhodi yeenqanawa kunye nezinto eziluncedo kulo nyaka uzayo, kubandakanya ne-aquapark epheleleyo yolwandle; ii-spas zokunethezeka ezinee-suites ezikhethekileyo; ukwanda kokukhetha kunye nokuba bhetyebhetye ekutyeni; kunye nezixhobo, kubandakanya amachibi kunye neendawo zolonwabo ezinikezelwe kubantu abadala, ulutsha okanye abantwana. Eminye imigca iye yonyusa okanye yandisa iinkqubo zegalufa ezibandakanya iikhosi kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi kwaye uninzi luyaqhubeka ukudala amathuba eendwendwe zokuhlala "zixhunyiwe" ngelixa ziselwandle, zinamandla e-Wi-Fi kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha bobugcisa.
Iindlela zokuhamba ngeenqanawa
Izixhasi ze-Fuel: Emva kokumisela imigaqo-nkqubo yokuncedisa amafutha ngo-2008 ekuphenduleni ukunyuka kwamaxabiso eoli, ininzi yamalungu e-CLIA ngoku sele alahlile izongezelelo zokuhamba ngeenqanawa ngo-2009 no-2010 (iinkcukacha kunye nezithintelo ziyahlukahluka kumgca ngamnye).
Iipateni zokubhukisha: Ngelixa uninzi lweenqanawa zolwandle zibhukishwa kwiinyanga ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe ngaphambili, imeko yezoqoqosho yangoku ilifinyezile ixesha lokukhokela. Ngelixa babhukisha ikhefu lokuhamba ngenqanawa, abathengi bayakudlulisa ukuzibophelela kokubhukisha kufutshane nomhla wokuhamba ngenqanawa
Unikezelo lwebhajethi: Imigca emininzi yamalungu e-CLIA iphendule kwintlekele yezoqoqosho kunye nezibonelelo ezinzima zokuxhathisa kunye neentengiso ezikhethekileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkampani, ezi ziquka: abantwana bahamba ngephenyane izicwangciso zasimahla, amaxabiso akhethekileyo kwiindlela ezikhethiweyo, unikezelo lwekhredithi yeenqanawa eziphuculweyo, i-layaway kunye nezinye iiplani zentlawulo eziguquguqukayo, intlawulo yenqwelo moya yasimahla kunye/okanye uhambo lwaselunxwemeni, iimfuno zedipozithi ezihlengahlengisiweyo, izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo zokubhukisha iqela elincinci, kunye iipolisi zokurhoxisa ezikhululekileyo.
Ukukhangela abakhweli kwilizwe liphela: Inani labakhweli beenqanawa bamazwe ngamazwe kwimizila yamalungu e-CLIA lenyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-30 kunyaka ukuya ngekota yesithathu ka-3. Ipesenti yeendwendwe ezifunyaniswe kwiimarike zamanye amazwe ngo-2008 yayiyi-2007% yetotali iyonke. Uqikelelo lwe-CLIA ngowama-18.4 kukuba ingxelo engama-2008% yeendwendwe iza kuvela kwiimarike zehlabathi. Oku ikakhulu kungenxa yokwanda kobukho beenqanawa eYurophu, nto leyo emele ukuba yimakethi enkulu esakhulayo, kunye nentsingiselo iyonke yokujongana nokuhamba ngenqanawa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngelixa oku kungohluka ngomgca, iyonke, eyona ndawo iphambili yentengiso yabakhweli yiYurophu, kunye namazwe aphuma phambili kwimithombo yaseYurophu eyi-UK, Germany, Italy neSpain.
Ukuya kuluhlaza: Njengokungeniswa kweenqanawa ezintsha, iilungu zamalungu e-CLIA zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yakutshanje ukuvelisa iinqanawa ezilungele indalo. Nokuba kwiinqanawa ezindala, konke okusemandleni kwenziwa ngemigca emininzi yokugcina izixhobo kunye nokurisayikilisha. Phakathi kwamanyathelo kunye netekhnoloji esetyenziswayo: ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka aphambili, ukucutha ukukhutshwa komoya, ukukhanya kwe-LED, amandla elanga, izixhobo zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo, iifestile ezonga umbane, iimveliso ezenziwe ngezinto ezenziwe ngokutsha, "i-Eco-speed" kunye nezinye iityuwa zeenqanawa ezinobungqongileyo. isalfure fuels, umjikelo wenkunkuma oqinileyo nolwelo, iinkqubo zokufundisa ngongcoliseko lwamanzi, ulondolozo lwezibaso, ulawulo lweemveliso zokutya kunye namanye amanyathelo.
Ukonyuka kojoliso kusapho kunye nakwindlela ezininzi zokuhamba: Izithuthi ze-CLIA zathwala abantwana abaqikelelwa kwisigidi esi-1.6 ngo-2008; Imigca emininzi inika ingxelo yokuba la manani ayenyuka, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokukhula kokubhukisha okunemveliso emininzi. Ukwanda kweentsapho ezihamba ngenqanawa kunye kuyabonakala nakwezinye iindawo zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kubandakanywa nonxweme kunye nemilambo. Iintsapho zithatha iinqanawa ezininzi kwaye enyanisweni, kuvavanyo lwe-CLIA lwakutsha nje kufumanise ukuba phantse isiqingatha (iipesenti ezingama-46) zeentsapho zithathe uhambo ngenqanawa ezimbini ukuya kwezine ezinabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18; Iipesenti ezili-15.2 zithathe iihambo ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe, kwaye iipesenti ezi-4.8 zithathe ngaphezulu kweshumi. Iintsapho zihlala zikhankanya ixabiso elibalaseleyo njengesizathu sokuhamba ngenqanawa. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezingama-83 bathi iiholide zokuhamba ngenqanawa zilungile okanye zixabiseke kakhulu. Kwaye, ixabiso lilungile. Phakathi kwabo bonke abahamba ngeenqanawa zosapho, iipesenti ezingama-73.4 bathi uhambo lwabo lokugqibela lokuhamba ngenqanawa lalilixabiso elifanayo okanye lingaphantsi kweholide, malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 besithi uhambo lwenqanawa lwalubiza kancinci okanye kancinci.
Ukukhula kweemarike zokuhamba kweqela: Ngelixa ipesenti encinci yokuhamba ngenqanawa iyonke, imigca emininzi inika ingxelo yokunyuka kwimarike yeqela, kukhuthazwe kukuhamba kwezizwana ezininzi, iindlela zamantombazana / iindlela zokuzonwabisa, ”amaqela oluntu nawezentlalo nangokubambisa, ixabiso elongeziweyo Imigaqo-nkqubo yeqela enikezelwa yimigca emininzi yokuhamba ngenqanawa.
Ukusetyenziswa kweearhente zokuhamba: Ngaphandle, kwaye ngandlela thile ngenxa, kwi-Intanethi, abakhenkethi abahamba ngeenqanawa bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa iiarhente zokuhamba. Umzi-mveliso ngokubanzi, phantse iipesenti ezingama-90 zazo zonke iinqanawa ziyathengiswa ngeearhente zokuhamba, uninzi lwazo ngamalungu e-CLIA kunye ne-CLIA-eqinisekisiweyo. Eminye imigca inika ingxelo yokuba iarhente yokubhukisha iarhente kangangeepesenti ezingama-97 zokubhukisha zizonke.
Apha ngezantsi kukho iindlela ezithile kunye nokuqwalaselwa okusekwe kwiimpendulo ze-CLIA ezifunyenwe kuphando lweearhente zokuhamba ezingaphezu kwe-900 ezenziwa ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. Phakathi kweziphumo:
Ngaphandle kwemeko yezoqoqosho yangoku, iipesenti ezingama-92 zeearhente zokuhamba zivakalisa ithemba lokuthengisa ngenqanawa xa zijonge phambili kule minyaka mithathu izayo.
Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha (iipesenti ezingama-52) balindele ukuba ukuthengisa ii-cruise ngo-2009 “kulunge” okanye “kuhle kakhulu” xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ka-2008 nenye i-28% elindele ixesha “lokulunga” lokuthengisa iinqanawa.
Ngokomdla wabathengi kunye nexabiso eliqondwayo, ukuhamba ngenqanawa ngaphandle kwamanqaku kuzo zonke ezinye iindidi zeholide.
Phakathi kweendawo apho iiarhente zokuhamba zikholelwa ukuba ziya kufumana olona lubhukisho lukhulu kulo nyaka ziiCaribbean / The Bahamas, zilandelwa yiAlaska, iYurophu / iMeditera neMexico.
Ngomda omkhulu, isishukumisi sokuqala kubathengi ukubhukisha inqanawa ngexesha likaJanuwari "Ixesha leWave" lilungile kwixabiso elingaqhelekanga elinikezelwa yimigca yokuhamba ngenqanawa. Kwindawo yesibini luthando lwabathengi lokuhamba ngenqanawa.
Malunga ne-CLIA
Umbutho ongajonganga kwenza nzuzo we-Cruise Lines International Association (i-CLIA) ngowona mbutho mkhulu we-cruise ye-North America. I-CLIA imele umdla wemigca yamalungu angama-23 kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yolawulo kunye nophuhliso ngelixa ixhasa amanyathelo akhuthaza indawo ekhuselekileyo, ekhuselekileyo nenempilo yenqanawa. I-CLIA ikwabandakanyeka kuqeqesho lwearhente yokuhamba, uphando kunye nonxibelelwano lokuthengisa ukukhuthaza ixabiso kunye nokunqweneleka kweeholide zokuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nokubalwa njengamalungu earhente zokuhamba ezili-16,000. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya kwi-CLIA, ishishini lokuhamba ngenqanawa, kunye namalungu okuhamba ngenqanawa e-CLIA kunye neearhente zokuhamba, ndwendwela www.cruising.org.
