Ngokwe-International Air Transport Association (IATA), iinqwelomoya zehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba ziphulukene ne-2.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika ngo-2009.
Uqikelelo olubalaseleyo zezi:
Ingeniso yeshishini kulindeleke ukuba yehle ukuya kwi-US$501 yebhiliyoni. Oku kuwa kwe-US $ 35 yebhiliyoni ukusuka kwi-US $ 536 yezigidigidi kwiingeniso ezixelwe kwangaphambili kwi-2008. Oku kwehla kwengeniso kukuqala ukususela kwiminyaka emibini elandelelanayo yokuncipha kwi-2001 kunye ne-2002.
Izivuno ziya kuncipha ngeepesenti ze-3.0 (i-5.3 ipesenti xa ilungelelaniselwe amaxabiso otshintshiselwano kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso). I-traffic traffic kulindeleke ukuba yehle nge-3 yepesenti emva kokukhula kwe-2 yepesenti ngo-2008. Oku kukwehla kokuqala kwi-traffic traffic ukusuka kwi-2.7 yepesenti yehla ngo-2001.
Ukuthuthwa kwemithwalo kulindeleke ukuba kwehle nge-5 yepesenti, kulandela ukwehla nge-1.5 ekhulwini ngo-2008.
Ixabiso le-oyile lika-2009 lilindeleke ukuba libe yi-avareji ye-US$60 ngomphanda ngexabiso elipheleleyo le-142 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Le yi-US$32 yebhiliyoni engaphantsi kunango-2008 xa i-oyile yayikwi-avareji ye-US$100 ngomphanda (Brent).
amantla Emelika
Ukuncipha kwilahleko kushishino ukusuka 2008 ukuya 2009 ikakhulu ngenxa utshintsho kwiziphumo. Abathwali kulo mmandla babethwaxwa kakhulu ngamaxabiso aphezulu epetroli ngokuthintelwa okulinganiselweyo kwaye kulindeleke ukuba bathumele eyona lahleko inkulu yoshishino ngo-2008 kwi-US$3.9 yebhiliyoni. Ukunciphisa umthamo wasekhaya ngeepesenti ezili-10 kwangoko ekuphenduleni kwingxaki yamafutha kunikeze abathwali balo mmandla isiqalo ekulweni ukudodobala kwemfuno okukhokelwe kukudodobala koqoqosho. Ukungabikho kokubiyelwa ngoku kuvumela abathwali balo mmandla ukuba bathabathe ithuba elipheleleyo lokuhla ngokukhawuleza kwamaxabiso epetroli. Ngenxa yoko, abathwali baseMntla Melika kulindeleke ukuba bathumele inzuzo encinci ye-US $ 300 yezigidi ngo-2009.
Asia-Pacific
Iinqwelomoya zommandla ziya kubona ilahleko engaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-US$500 yezigidi ngo-2008 ukuya kwi-US$1.1 yebhiliyoni ngo-2009. Nge-45 yepesenti yemarike yempahla yehlabathi, abathwali balo mmandla baya kuchaphazeleka ngokungathandekiyo kukuhla okulindelweyo ngeepesenti ezi-5 kwiimarike zempahla zehlabathi kunyaka ozayo. .
Kwaye iimarike zayo ezimbini eziphambili zokukhula - iChina kunye neIndiya - kulindeleke ukuba zinike utshintsho olukhulu ekusebenzeni. Uhlumo lwaseTshayina luza kucotha ngenxa yokuhla kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Abathwali baseIndiya, esele betsala nzima ngeerhafu eziphezulu kunye neziseko zophuhliso ezinganelanga, banokulindela ukuhla kwemfuno elandela kwiziganeko ezimanyumnyezi ezingoNovemba. E-China, uqikelelo lwengqikelelo lokuhamba ngexesha leeOlimpiki zaseBeijing aluzange lwenzeke. Iinqwelo-moya eziqhutywa ngurhulumente zibhale ilahleko edibeneyo ye-4.2 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan (i-613 yezigidi zeedola) ngoJanuwari-Oktobha. Ibethelwa kukunyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli ekuqaleni konyaka, iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ziphulukene kwakhona ekuthinteleni amafutha emva kokuhla kwamaxabiso kutshanje. Abasemagunyeni babongoze abathwali bakarhulumente ukuba barhoxise okanye balibazise ukuhanjiswa kweenqwelomoya. Zizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezimbini ezinkulu - ezizinze eShanghai, i-China Eastern Airlines kunye ne-China Southern Airlines e-Guangzhou-ziphakathi kokufumana i-3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan (iidola ezingama-440 ezigidi) kurhulumente. I-China Mpuma, eyasilelayo ngaphambili ukuthengisa izabelo kubatyali-zimali bamanye amazwe, ngoku inokudityaniswa ne-Shanghai Airlines, ihlakani lomthwali weflegi Air China.
Iingcali ngenqwelomoya zithi iinqwelomoya zengingqi kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nokudodobala kokuhla ngcono kunoontanga bazo baseMelika nabaseYurophu kuba banamaphepha okulinganisa awomeleleyo kunye neenqwelomoya zale mihla. Kwakhona, inani leenqwelomoya, kubandakanya iSingapore Airlines, iMalaysia Airlines zilawulwa ngurhulumente, oko kuthetha ukuba banokufumana inkxaso karhulumente ukuba iyafuneka.
I-Korean Airlines Co., eyona nkampani inkulu yokuthuthwa imithwalo yamazwe ngamazwe, ithumele ilahleko yayo yesine ngokuthe gqolo ngekota kwikota yesithathu ngenxa yempumelelo ebuthathaka, ethe yanyusa iindleko zokuthenga amafutha kunye nokuhlawulela amatyala angaphandle.
ICathay inezicwangciso zokupaka iinqwelo-mafutha ezimbini, inike abasebenzi ikhefu elingahlawulelwayo kwaye mhlawumbi ilibazise ulwakhiwo kwisikhululo somthwalo ukunciphisa iindleko. Izakuphinda ibuyisele umva iinkonzo ukuya kuMntla Melika kodwa yongeze iinqwelomoya eziya eOstreliya, kuMbindi Mpuma naseYurophu ukugcina ukukhula kwabakhweli kuthe tyaba ngo-2009, kodwa inkampani yenqwelomoya ayizukusika naziphi na iindawo ekuya kuzo.
I-Singapore Airlines ithe inzuzo yayo yekota yesithathu idiphe iipesenti ezingama-36 kwaye yalumkisa “ngobuthathaka” ngaphambi kokubhukisha ngo-2009.
Eyona marike inkulu kulo mmandla – iJapan – sele ikwimeko yokudodobala koqoqosho. Ishishini labathuthi baseJapan libuyile mva nje njengoko ixabiso leyen xa lithelekiswa nedola yaseMelika kunye nezinye iimali zenze ukuhamba phesheya kweelwandle kwabiza imali eninzi eJapan. Nangona kunjalo, i-All Nippon Airlines ilunqumle uqikelelo lwenzuzo yalo lonke unyaka wonke ngesithathu kunye nezicwangciso ezilibazisiweyo zokuodola inqwelomoya entsha.
I-Qantas Airways yase-Australia inqumle i-1,500 yemisebenzi kunye nezicwangciso zokunciphisa umthamo olingana nokumisa iinqwelomoya ezili-10. Ikwayilungisile ingeniso yayo yonyaka wonke ngaphambi kwerhafu ngesinye esithathwini.
I-AirAsia, eyona nqwelomoya inkulu yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kulo mmandla, ithatha indlela echaseneyo ngokongeza iinqwelomoya kunye nokwandisa phakathi kokuwohloka.
I-AirAsia ilindele ukubhabha abakhweli abazizigidi ezili-19 kulo nyaka kunye ne-24 yezigidi kwi-2009, wathi - ukusuka kwi-15 yezigidi kunyaka odlulileyo.
I-AirAsia ayinazo izicwangciso zokukhansela okanye ukurhoxisa i-odolo yayo ye-175 Airbus aircraft, apho i-55 ihanjiswe kunye nesithoba ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-2009.
iYurophu
Ilahleko yeenqwelo moya zommandla iya konyuka ngokuphindwe kalishumi ukuya kwi-US$1 yebhiliyoni. Olona qoqosho luphambili lwaseYurophu sele ludodobala. I-Hedging ivalele kumaxabiso aphezulu epetroli kubathuthi abaninzi bommandla ngokweedola zaseMelika, kwaye i-Euro ebuthathaka iyayibaxa impembelelo.
Phakathi empuma
Ilahleko yeenqwelo moya yemimandla iphinda kabini ukuya kwi-US $200 yezigidi. Umceli mngeni wommandla uya kuba kukuhambelana nomthamo wemfuno njengoko izithuthi zisanda kwaye izithuthi zicotha - ngakumbi kunxibelelwano oluthatha ixesha elide.
ilatin America
I-Latin America iya kubona ilahleko ephindwe kabini ukuya kwi-US $ 200 yezigidi. Imfuno emandla yorhwebo eqhube ukukhula kommandla ithotywe kanobom kubunzima bezoqoqosho obukhoyo. Ukuhla koqoqosho lwase-US kubetha kakhulu ummandla.
iAfrika
Uyakubona ilahleko ye-US $ 300 yezigidi iqhubeleka. Abathwali bale ngingqi bajongene nokhuphiswano olumandla. Ukukhusela isabelo semarike kuya kuba ngowona mngeni uphambili.
“Iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zenze umsebenzi oncomekayo wokuzihlengahlengisa ukusukela ngo-2001. Ukusebenza kwepetroli kuye kwaphucuka ngeepesenti ezili-13. Kwaye iindleko zeyunithi yokuthengisa kunye nentengiso yehle nge-19 ekhulwini. I-IATA yenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kolu hlengahlengiso. Ngo-13 iphulo lethu lamafutha lanceda iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ukuba zonge i-US$2008 yeebhiliyoni, ilingana ne-5 yezigidi zeetoni zeCO14.8. Kwaye umsebenzi wethu kunye nababoneleli ababodwa uvelise ukongiwa kwe-US$2 yebhiliyoni. Kodwa ubuzaza bobunzima bezoqoqosho buzisibekele ezi nzuzo kwaye iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ziyasokola ukuhambelana nomthamo kunye nokuhla okulindelweyo nge-2.8 ekhulwini kwimfuno yabakhweli ngo-3. Ishishini lisagula. Kwaye kuyakuthatha utshintsho olungaphaya kolawulo lweenqwelomoya ukubuyela kumhlaba onengeniso, utshilo uBisignani we-IATA.
UBisignani uchaze isicwangciso soshishino sika-2009 esibonakalisa iSibhengezo se-Istanbul soMbutho ngoJuni walo nyaka. “Abasebenzi kufuneka baqonde ukuba imisebenzi iza kunyamalala xa iindleko zingehli. Amaqabane oshishino kufuneka abe negalelo kwiinzuzo ezisebenzayo. Kwaye oorhulumente kufuneka bayeke irhafu ephambeneyo, balungise iziseko zophuhliso, banike iinqwelomoya inkululeko eqhelekileyo yorhwebo kwaye balawule ngokufanelekileyo ababoneleli ababodwa, utshilo uBisignani.
Umhlalutyi uthe iinqwelomoya ziya kutsalela ekudibaneni kwaye zifune inkxaso karhulumente ukunqanda ukuhla. Ukudityaniswa kunceda iinqwelomoya ngokunciphisa iindleko njengoko zabelana ngezibonelelo kwaye zondla abakhweli abaninzi ngee-hubs.
