Kwinqaku lomthetho wezohambo kule veki, sivavanya ityala lika-Horne v. Carnival Corporation, Nombolo 17-15803 (11th Cir. Juni 29, 2018) apho iNkundla iqaphele ukuba “kuhambo lwabo lwasemva komtshato, uHorne nenkosikazi yakhe uJulie Inqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa enomdla kwaye yaya kuthatha imifanekiso yokutshona kwelanga kumgangatho ongaphandle. Yayiyimini enomoya kakhulu, kwaye xa banqwenela ukuphuma kumgangatho ongaphandle esi sibini kwakufuneka singene ngomnyango onesinyithi. Uphawu lwesilumkiso emnyango luthi 'LUMKELA-BUKELA UMNTU OPHAKAMILEYO' Kwakungekho esinye isilumkiso. UJulie wavula umnyango, kodwa wayenenkathazo, uHorne wabamba umnyango ngapha nangapha wawuvula. Emva kokuba uHorne ehamba emnyango, waqala ukuwukhulula. Ucango lwavalwa luvaliwe xa uHorne ekhupha, evala ngaphambi kokuba asikhulule isandla sakhe kwaye asike umnwe wokuqala wesandla sakhe sasekunene kwindawo edibeneyo. UHorne wazisa isityholo ngokuchasene neCarnival, etyhola ukungaphumeleli ukulumkisa ngemeko eyingozi kunye nokugcinwa ngokungakhathali komnyango. Inkundla yesithili yanika isigwebo esifutshane kwiCarnival, ifumanisa ukuba iCarnival yayingenamsebenzi wokulumkisa kuba kwakungekho bungqina bokuba iCarnival yayikwisaziso, esokwenyani okanye esinyanzelayo, ngemeko enobungozi kwaye nangenxa yokuba ingozi yayivulekile kwaye icacile… Isibonelelo senkundla yesithili Isigwebo sesishwankathelo siqinisekisiwe ngokuyinxenye kwaye siguqulwe ngokwenxalenye saza sabuyiselwa kwisisele ”.
Kwityala laseHorne iNkundla iqaphele ukuba “Kuba ukwenzakala kwenzeke emanzini anokuhamba ngenqanawa, umthetho we-federal admiralty uyasebenza kweli tyala. Ukuqinisekisa ibango lakhe lokungakhathali, uHorne kufuneka abonise ukuba iCarnival yayinoxanduva lokhathalelo, waphula loo msebenzi kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho yayisesona sizathu sokulimala kukaHorne. '[Uhambo] lwaselwandle lutyala abakhweli balo uxanduva lokulumkisa ngeengozi ezaziwayo'… Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ube noxanduva lokulumkisa ngengozi, indlela yokuhamba ngenqanawa kufuneka ibe 'nesaziso sokwenyani sokungakhuseleki'… Ngaphezu koko, akukho xanduva lokulumkisa ngengozi evulekileyo necacileyo '”.
Isaziso ngemeko enobungozi
“[Mna] neli tyala, kukho ubungqina bokuba umgaqo wokuhamba ngenqanawe ngamanye amaxesha ubeka imiqondiso emnyango wedesika xa kuthe kwabakho imimoya enamandla. Le miqondiso iya kufunda 'isilumkiso, imimoya enamandla'. Kwakungabikho mqondiso ngomhla wesiganeko. Ukujongwa njengokuthanda kukaHorne, ubungqina bokuba iCarnival, kwixa elidlulileyo, yayibeka imiqondiso elumkisa ngemimoya enamandla idala umba wokwenyani wokuba ingaba iCarnival yayinaso na isaziso esakhayo okanye esakhayo ngale meko iyingozi ”.
Ingozi evulekileyo necacileyo
“Ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umngcipheko uvulekile kwaye ucacile, sigxila 'kwinto umntu oqiqayo anokuyijonga kwaye ayenze [] angaqwalaseli izimvo zommangali'. UHorne uthi ingozi efanelekileyo ayingumoya, okanye ucango olunzima, kodwa ke umngcipheko wokuba umoya ubangele ukuba ucango lubetheke kakhulu kwaye ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba lunqumle umnwe wakhe. UHorne uthi lo mngcipheko awuvulekanga okanye awucacanga kumntu oqiqayo. UHorne uthi nangona wayesazi ukuba ucango lunzima, kwaye lwalunomoya, wayengenasizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ucango luza kuvalwa ngamandla kwaye lukhawuleze luze luqhawulwe umnwe wakhe ”.
Umsebenzi wokulumkisa iBango
"Ukwatsho ukuba wayengenandlela yokwazi ukuba ucango luza kuvalwa ngokukhawuleza, nangona enze iinzame, akazange akwazi ukusisusa ngesandla kwangexesha. Ngokusekwe kobu bungqina, bujongwa ngokona kuthandekayo kuHorne, sibambe ukuba i-juror efanelekileyo iya kufumanisa ukuba le ngozi ayivulekanga kwaye icacile. Yiyo loo nto sibuyela umva ngokunxulumene noxanduva lokulumkisa ibango ”.
Ukusilela ekugcineni Ibango
Ubungqina beengcali zikaHorne bokuba umnyango ubukwimeko eyingozi kufanelekile kuphela ukuba uHorne angabonisa okokuqala ukuba iCarnival inesaziso sokwenene okanye esakhayo sale ngozi. Obona bungqina uHorne abubonisayo ukuba iCarnival inesaziso sokwenyani okanye esakhayo sokuba umnyango ubuyingozi kungene ii-odolo zomsebenzi ezimbini, emva koko zavalwa, ukuze kulungiswe emnyango. Ummangali akabonisi bungqina bokuba le miyalelo yokusebenza ibingakhange yenziwe ngokwenyani; Ngapha koko, abameli bequmrhu likaCarnival bangqina ukuba 'ukuvala' iodolo yomsebenzi kubonisa ukuba ukulungiswa okuceliweyo kugqityiwe. Ngenxa yoko, le miyalelo yomsebenzi ayiniki bungqina bokuba uCarnival waye waqaphela ukuba umnyango wawusemi kwimeko eyingozi ngexesha lesiganeko… .Kungoko, inkundla yesithili ingakhange iphazame malunga nokusilela ukugcina ibango ”.
isiphelo
"Ngezi zizathu zingasentla, siyasiqinisekisa isigwebo senkundla yenqila malunga nokusilela ukugcina ibango, kodwa sibuyela umva ngokubhekisele kwibango lomsebenzi wokulumkisa".
Patricia kunye noTom Dickerson
Umbhali, uThomas A. Dickerson, usweleke nge-26 kaJulayi 2018 eneminyaka eyi-74. Ngobabalo losapho lwakhe, eTurboNews Uvumelekile ukuba abelane ngamanqaku akhe esinayo kwifayile awayithumela kuthi ukuba siyipapashe evekini.
Umhlonishwa. UDickerson uthathe umhlala phantsi njenge-Associate Justice yeCandelo leZibheno, iSebe lesibini leNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseNew York kwaye wabhala malunga noMthetho wokuHamba kangangeminyaka engama-42 kubandakanya neencwadi zakhe zomthetho ezihlaziywa minyaka le, Umthetho wohambo, Umthetho weJenali yeendaba (2018), Litigating International Torts in Iinkundla zase-US, iThomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), iZenzo zeklasi: Umthetho wamazwe angama-50, Umthetho weJenali yeJenali (2018), nangaphezulu kwamanqaku asemthethweni angama-500 uninzi lwawo ezikhoyo apha. Ukufumana iindaba ezongezelelekileyo zomthetho wokuhamba kunye nophuhliso, ngakumbi kumazwe angamalungu e-EU, Cofa apha.
Funda ezininzi ze Amanqaku kaJustice Dickerson apha.
Eli nqaku alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume.
