Kuqatshelwe iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu yolondolozo lwendalo olubalulekileyo eAfrika

I-DAR ES SALAAM (eTN) – iTanzania iphawula kule nyanga isikhumbuzo sembali yolondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle kunye nendalo emva kwesiqingatha senkulungwane yokusekwa kweepaki ezimbini ezidumileyo zabakhenkethi e-Afrika, iSerengeti National Park kunye neNgorongoro Conservation Area.

Ngokuhambelana neepaki ezimbini, ezikhethekileyo e-Afrika, abembi bezinto zakudala babhiyozela phakathi kwale nyanga iminyaka engama-50 yokufunyanwa kokakayi lwendoda yakudala, ekukholelwa ukuba yeyona indala kwimbali yezinto zakudala zehlabathi.

Ngaphakathi kweNdawo yoLondolozo lweNgorongoro kukho iOlduvai Gorge, apho uGqr noNksk. Leakey bafumene i-1.75 yesigidi seminyaka ubudala iintsalela ze-Australopithecus boisei ('Zinjanthropus') kunye ne-Homo habilis ebonisa ukuba uhlobo lomntu lwaqala ukuvela kule ndawo.

Iindawo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ze-paleontological kunye ne-archaeological emhlabeni, i-Olduvai Gorge kunye nesayithi ye-Laetoli Footprint e-Ngarusi zifumaneka ngaphakathi koLondolozo lwe-Ngorongoro. Okunye okufunyanisiweyo okubalulekileyo kusenokwenziwa kwindawo.

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo iSerengeti National Park yeyona ndawo yaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ayinakulinganiswa ngobuhle bayo bendalo kunye nexabiso lesayensi. Ngeenqukazi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezibini, isiqingatha sesigidi sebhadi likaThomson, kunye nekota yesigidi seqwarhashe, inezona zilwanyana zininzi ezenza amathafa eAfrika. Inqu kunye neqwarha phezu koko zenza isakhelo seenkwenkwezi esinomtsalane okhethekileyo - imfuduko yaminyaka le yaseSerengeti.

Asingobakhenkethi bodwa abathontelana ukuya kubona izilwanyana neentaka zaseSerengeti. Iye yaba liziko elibalulekileyo lophando lwenzululwazi. Ngowe-1959, isazi ngendalo saseJamani, unjingalwazi uBernhard Grzimek, nonyana wakhe, uMichael, benza umsebenzi wobuvulindlela kuhlolisiso lwasemoyeni lwezilwanyana zasendle. Isiphumo sabo sesona sithengiso sakudala sithengiswa kakhulu "iSerengeti Ayisayi Kufa" kunye nenani leefilimu ezenze iSerengeti yaduma. Okuninzi ngoku kwaziwa malunga nokuguquguquka kweSerengeti kunayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yendalo ehlabathini.
Abantu baseMaasai bebesalusa imfuyo yabo kumathafa avulekileyo abawabiza ngokuba “yithafa elingenasiphelo” ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-200. ISerengeti igubungela ummandla oziikhilomitha ezingama-14,763, inkulu njengoMntla Ireland.

Ngenxa yokwanda kolwazi lwemfuneko yolondolozo, iSerengeti yandiswa yaza yaphuculwa yaba yipaki yesizwe ngowe-1951. Kwiminyaka esibhozo kamva, iNgorongoro Conservation Area yasekwa kumzantsi-mpuma njengeyunithi eyahlukileyo, yaza yanika ezi paki zimbini iwonga elikhoyo ngoku njengeepaki. iipaki eziphambili zabakhenkethi eTanzania naseAfrika namhlanje.

Le ndawo yindawo yokuqala "yemimangaliso yehlabathi" ebizwa ngokuba yi "Serengeti migration". Ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi xa ingca yoma kwaye iphelile, iinqu ziqala ukuhlangana kwimikhosi emikhulu.

Namhlanje, iSerengeti National Park, iNgorongoro Conservation Area, kunye neMaasai Mara Game Reserve, engaphaya komda waseKenya, ikhusela eyona ngqokelela inkulu neyona yahlukahlukeneyo yezilwanyana zasendle ezisemhlabeni nenye yeendlela zokugqibela zokufuduka ezingekaguquki. .

ISerengeti lilitye elinqabileyo lemimandla ekhuselweyo yaseTanzania, ebumba i-14 ekhulwini lommandla womhlaba welo lizwe lilonke, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ambalwa amazwe anokuthelekiswa nawo.

I-Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) yahluthwa kwi-Serengeti National Park ngo-1959 ngeenzame zowiso-mthetho. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zokwahlulwa kweendawo ezimbini ezikhuselweyo kwakungenxa yeemfuno ezingalungelelanisiyo phakathi kweemfuno zabantu (ingakumbi amaMaasai) kunye neemfuno zobutyebi bendalo. AmaMaasai kuphela kwabantu abavunyelwe ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kwindawo yolondolozo nemihlambi yabo yeenkomo.

INgorongoro idume kumazwe ngamazwe, yindawo echongiweyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi kunye neNdawo yoLondolozo lweNdalo yeHlabathi. INgorongoro ixhasa ukuxinana okuphezulu kwezilwanyana zasendle unyaka wonke kwaye iqulethe abona bantu babonakalayo bemikhombe emnyama eseleyo eTanzania. I-NCA inezilwanyana ezikhulu ezingaphezulu kwama-25,000, ezinye zazo imikhombe emnyama, iindlovu, iinqu, iimvubu, amaqwarhashe, iindlulamthi, iinyathi, amabhadi neengonyama.

Amahlathi akwiindawo eziphakamileyo enza indawo ebalulekileyo yokufumana amanzi kuluntu lwezolimo olungabamelwane kwaye enze isiseko samanzi aphantsi komhlaba weLake Manyara National Park kwicala elingasempuma.

Inkqubo yokusetyenziswa komhlaba kaninzi yenye yeyokuqala ukusekwa kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye ixeliswa kwihlabathi jikelele njengendlela yokulungelelanisa uphuhliso lwabantu kunye nokugcinwa kwemithombo yendalo.
UNjingalwazi uGrzimek, owabhala kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo waza wavakalisa ukuba “iSerengeti Ayisayi Kufa,” iphumle ngonaphakade kungqameko lweNgorongoro Crater, ngaphandle konyana wakhe uMichael.

Abalondolozi bendalo ababini abadumileyo baseJamani bakhunjulwa kule nyanga ngegalelo labo elibalaseleyo kwimbali yolondolozo lwezilwanyana zasendle eTanzania kunye neemveliso ezimbini zehlabathi ezinebhongo ngokuzibona namhlanje-iSerengeti neNgorongoro.