Umgaqo kaloliwe waseIndiya unelifa elityebileyo eliyiminyaka engama-150 eliwele uninzi lweendlela kunye nemida ukufezekisa izinto ezibalulekileyo. Namhlanje ibe sisiseko sokuphila, umqolo weshishini lokuhamba kunye nomzila wokuphila kwesizwe. Kubone impumelelo encomekayo kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye kunegalelo elibonakalayo kwinkqubela phambili yoqoqosho lweli lizwe.
Nazi iinyani ezinomdla malunga noololiwe baseIndiya abathi ekugqibeleni babe negalelo ekwenzeni inethiwekhi yoololiwe baseIndiya yenye yezona zikhulu eAsia:
Uloliwe wokuqala wabakhweli waqalwa phakathi kweMumbai neThane ngo-Epreli 16, 1853.
IParsik Itonela yitonela yokuqala kaloliwe elizweni.
Inkqubo yokuqala kaloliwe engaphantsi komhlaba yaqala eKolkatta.
Ngo-1986 inkqubo yokuqala yokubhukisha ngekhompyutha yaqala eNew Delhi.
Uloliwe wokuqala wombane wabaleka phakathi kweMumbai VT kunye neKurla ngoFebruwari 3, 1925.
I-Indian Railways ithathwa njengoyena mqeshi mkhulu ngabantu abamalunga ne-1.55 yezigidi abaqeshwe kule misebenzi.
Ngomnyaka we-1977 uMyuziyam weSizwe wezoLoliwe.
I-Dapoorie Viaduct yibhulorho yokuqala kaloliwe eyakha yenziwa.
Ngokomndilili oololiwe baseIndiya bathwala abakhweli abamalunga ne-13 yezigidi kunye ne-1.3 yezigidi zeethoni zemithwalo mihla le.
IOrissa lelona gama lifutshane kwisikhululo ngelixa iSri Venkatanarasimharajuvariapeta eTamil Nadu lelona gama lide kwisikhululo.
I-Indian Railways yaziwa ngokuba nezikhululo zikaloliwe ezimalunga nama-7000 eziphakathi koololiwe abamalunga ne-14,300 mihla le.
Olona hambo lude kuloliwe lugutyungelwe yiHimmsagar Express edibanisa iJammu Tavi eMantla neKanya Kumari eMzantsi. Uloliwe uhamba umgama omalunga nama-4751 kms kwaye uhambo luthatha malunga neeyure ezingama-66.
Elona qonga lide limalunga neenyawo ezingama-2733 ubude kwaye liseKhragpur.
Itonela elide kakhulu yiKarbude emi kwiKonkan Railways ine-6.5 kms ubude.
Olona loliwe lukhawulezayo yiBhopal Shatabdi Express ebaleka ngesantya esimalunga ne-140 km / h.
Elona Lide iBhulorho kaloliwe nguNehru Setu omalunga ne-10044 ft ubude kwi-Sone River.
Isitishi sikaloliwe saseSiliguri sesona sikhululo sinezilinganisi ezintathu.
I-Howrah-Amritsar Express inenani eliphezulu lokumisa nge-115.
Uloliwe waseIndiya yenye yezona ndlela zothungelwano zikhulu zikaloliwe kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo lolona lukhulu eAsia. Oko kuxela okuninzi malunga nobukhulu, ukusebenza kunye nembali yesigebenga esibizwa ngokuba ngumgaqo kaloliwe waseIndiya. Ngandlela-thile, kaloliwe waseIndiya usebenze njengenkqubo yenkxaso yelizwe ukusukela kwiminyaka eli-150 edlulileyo. Igcine ukukhonza inani labantu baseIndiya elinyukayo ngokunyaniseka okukhulu, ukuzinikela kunye nokufika ngexesha. Into enomdla kukuba, uloliwe waseIndiya yenye yezona zikhulu zikarhulumente zabasebenzi emhlabeni.
Ukuba sijonga emva kumaphepha embali, umzila kaloliwe waseIndiya wayiguqula ngokoqobo yonke imbali yaseIndiya. Isicwangciso sokwazisa kaloliwe kumhlaba wase-Indiya saqaliswa ngo-1832 kodwa umbono waqhubeka ujikeleza ecaleni okwexeshana. Amaphepha embali aqala ukuthatha indawo xa iRhuluneli Jikelele yase-India, u-Lord Hardinge avumela amaqela abucala ukuba asungule inkqubo kaloliwe ngo-1844. Kungekudala, iqumrhu lase East India, oosomashishini babucala kunye nabatyali mali base UK benze ukuba eli phupha lizaliseke kubahambi base India. . Ngo-1851 kungqina ukufika kukaloliwe wokuqala owayesetyenziselwa ukuphatha izinto zokwakha kuloliwe. Inkonzo yoololiwe yokuqala yaziswa phakathi kweBori Bunder, iBombay kunye neThane ngomhla wembali we-16 ka-Epreli 1853. Umgama ogqitywe ngololiwe yayingama-34 eekhilomitha kwaye ukusukela ngoko uloliwe waseIndiya akazange abuye umva.
Ngexesha lokufika kwe-1880, uthungelwano lukaloliwe lwaseIndiya lwalusele lwasasazeka ukuya kwi-14,500 1895 km. Izixeko ezithathu zamazibuko amakhulu iBombay, Madras kunye neCalcutta zibe yinxalenye yokwanda kwenethiwekhi kaloliwe waseIndiya. Inkqubo kaloliwe yaseIndiya yathatha elinye inyathelo ukuya phambili xa yayiqala ukuvelisa ii-locomotives zayo ngo-1901 ukubheka phambili. Ibhodi kaloliwe yaseIndiya yasekwa ngo-1908 kwaye yayisebenza phantsi kweSebe lezoRhwebo noShishino. Indawo yokuqala yombane yafika ngo-XNUMX.
Ngexesha leemfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi, uloliwe waba namaxesha anzima. Nje ukuba amaBritane ashiye ilizwe, oololiwe baseIndiya babone utshintsho oluninzi kulawulo nakwimigaqo-nkqubo emininzi ngokunjalo. Umgaqo kaloliwe waseIndiya waqala ukubakho emva kwenkululeko xa iinkqubo zoololiwe abazimeleyo ezingama-42 zadityaniswa kwiyunithi enye. Iinomotives zomphunga zatshintshwa ngedizili kunye neenqwelo zombane. Uthungelwano lukaloliwe waseIndiya lwalusasazeke kulo lonke ilizwe. Umgaqo kaloliwe waseIndiya wajika igqabi elitsha ngokuqaliswa kwenkqubo yekhompyuter yokubhuka kaloliwe kwi1995.
I-Indian Railways yenye yezona ndlela zothutho zixakeke kakhulu emhlabeni ezithwala abakhweli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-18 mihla le. Uloliwe unqumla kubude nobubanzi belizwe. Izinto ezininzi zobunjineli ezazithathwa njengangenakwenzeka ngaphambili ziye zaphunyezwa ngololiwe waseIndiya. Omnye umzekelo oqaqambileyo wento enjalo yiKonkan Railways. Kuyatshiwo ukuba uloliwe waseIndiya ugubungela malunga nezikhululo zikaloliwe ezingama-7500 ngaphezulu kobude bendlela engaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-63,000. Ngaphantsi kwephiko layo, ngaphezulu kweenqwelo ezingama-3,20,000, ii-45,000 zabaqeqeshi kunye neenqwelo phantse ezingama-8000 ziyasebenza.
Umgaqo kaloliwe waseIndiya uqhuba zonke iintlobo zoololiwe, ukusuka kumakhulu oololiwe abakhweli, oololiwe abasebenza umgama omde ukuya koololiwe abagqithisileyo kunye nabanobunewunewu. Umgaqo kaloliwe uqhubeke nokuphucula iinkonzo zawo kule minyaka idlulileyo ugcine engqondweni ukwanda kwabemi kunye neemfuno zabo zokuhamba. Iphethwe nguRhulumente waseIndiya, kaloliwe waseIndiya ngumzekelo oqaqambileyo wokukhula kunye nophuhliso olungqine ilizwe.
