I-FAA Ikhohlisiwe Ukuqinisekisa i-Boeing 737 MAX: Isityholo seTyala eliKhulu lase-Federal

I-Etihiopian Airlines kunye ne-Lion Air Murder inegama: Utyholwa ngu-Boeing oyiNtloko ye-Pilot yezobuGcisa uMark A. Forkner?

• Ngo-Okthobha i-28, i-2018, i-Lion Air Boeing 737 MAX yaphahlazeka yabulala i-189.
• Ngo-Matshi 10, 2019, i-Atiopian Airlines iBoeing 737 MAX yaphahlazeka yabulala i-157.
• Ngomhla we-14 ku-Okthobha, ngo-2021, u-Boeing oyiNtloko ye-Pilot yezobuGcisa uMark A. Forkner wamangalelwa e-United States ngokukhohlisa i-FAA ngokugunyazisa ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Boeing MAX 737. I-Boeing igcine amashumi ezigidi zeedola kule ndlela imfutshane yesatifikethi.

Ngokwamaxwebhu enkundla afakwe kwiSithili saseMantla seTexas Federal Court, uMark A. Forkner, 49, owayesakuba lilizwe laseWashington kwaye okwangoku e-Keller, eTexas, utyholwa ngokukhohlisa i-FAA AEG ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwe-arhente kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwenqwelomoya ye-Boeing 737 MAX.

Njengokutyholwa kwesimangalo, u-Forkner wanika iarhente ulwazi olungelolokwenyani, oluchanekileyo, nolungaphelelanga malunga nenxalenye entsha yolawulo lwenqwelomoya ye-Boeing 737 MAX ebizwa ngokuba yiManeuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS). Ngenxa yenkohliso yakhe etyholwa, uxwebhu oluphambili olupapashwe yi-FAA AEG alunanto ekubhekiswa kuyo kwi-MCAS. Kwelinye icala, incwadana yenqwelomoya kunye nezixhobo zoqeqesho lokuqhuba ngenqwelomoya kwiinqwelomoya zaseMelika zazisilela ekubhekiseni i-MCAS- kunye nabathengi beenqwelo moya base-Boeing base-US bancitshiswa ngolwazi olubalulekileyo xa besenza kwaye begqibezela izigqibo zabo zokuhlawula iBoeing amashumi ezigidi zeedola kwi-737 MAX iinqwelomoya. 

"U-Forkner utyhola ngokuhlukumeza isikhundla sakhe sokuthenjwa ngokuthi abambe ngabom ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga ne-MCAS ngexesha lokuvavanywa kwe-FAA kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-737 MAX nakwabaxhasi beenqwelo moya base-Boeing base-US," utshilo uMncedisi weGqwetha Jikelele uKenneth A. Polite Jr. weSebe lezoBulungisa. Icandelo. “Ngokwenza njalo, wahlutha iinqwelo moya kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelomoya ekubeni bazi ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwenqwelomoya. Abalawuli abanjenge-FAA basebenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabantu abaphaphazelayo. Kuye nawuphina umntu ocinga ngokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho ekusebenzeni komlawuli, eli tyala lenza kucace ukuba iSebe lezoBulungisa liza kulilandela eli nyani kwaye likuthathe uxanduva. ”     

"Kwilinge lokonga imali yeBoeing, u-Forkner utyholwa ngokubamba ulwazi olubalulekileyo kubalawuli," latsho igqwetha laseMelika uChad E. Meacham weSithili saseMantla saseTexas. "Ukukhetha kwakhe ngokungakhathali ukulahlekisa i-FAA kuphazamise ukubanakho kwe-arhente ukukhusela uluntu oluhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nokushiya abaqhubi beenqwelomoya, beswele ulwazi malunga nolawulo oluthile lwenqwelomoya ezingama-737 MAX. ISebe lezoBulungisa alizukubunyamezela ubuqhetseba - ngakumbi kumashishini apho izibonda ziphezulu khona. ”

"U-Forkner utyholwa ukuba ubambe ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga ne-Boeing 737 MAX kwaye wakhohlisa i-FAA, ebonisa ukungakhathaleli ngokucacileyo uxanduva lwakhe kunye nokhuseleko lwabathengi beenqwelomoya kunye nabasebenzi," utshilo uMncedisi Mlawuli uCalvin Shivers we-FBI. "I-FBI izakuqhubeka nokwenza abantu abanjengoForker baphendule ngezenzo zabo zobuqhetseba ezijongela phantsi ukhuseleko loluntu."

U-Inspector General u-Eric J. Soskin weSebe Lezothutho e-United States wathi: “Akukho mntu unokuthethelela abo bakhohlisa abalawuli bezokhuseleko ngenjongo yokufumana ingeniso okanye ukurhweba. “Iofisi yethu isebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukunceda ukugcina isibhakabhaka sikhuselekile ukuba singabhabha kwaye sikhusele uluntu oluhambahambayo kwingozi engeyomfuneko. Izityholo zanamhlanje zibonisa ukuzibophelela kwethu okungagungqiyo ekusebenzeni nabezomthetho kunye namaqabane ethu okutshutshisa ukuze sibabeke ityala abo babeka ubomi emngciphekweni. ”

Ngokwamaxwebhu enkundla, iBoeing yaqala ukuphuhlisa kunye nokuthengisa i-737 MAX ngoJuni ka-2011. I-FAA AEG yayijongene nokugqiba elona nqanaba lincinci loqeqesho lokuqhuba ngenqwelomoya elifunekayo kumqhubi wenqwelomoya ukubhabha i-737 MAX yenqwelo moya esekwe e-US, ngokusekwe ubume kunye nobungakanani umahluko phakathi kwe-737 MAX kunye nohlobo lwangaphambili lwenqwelomoya ye-Boeing's 737, i-737 Next Generation (NG). Ukuqukunjelwa kolu vavanyo, i-FAA AEG ipapashe iNgxelo yeBhodi yokuMiswa kweNdiza eyi-737 MAX (Ingxelo ye-FSB), ebandakanya, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukungafani koqeqesho lwe-FAA AEG ye-737 MAX, kunye nolwazi malunga nokwahluka phakathi I-737 MAX kunye ne-737 NG. Zonke iinqwelomoya ezizinze e-US zacelwa ukuba zisebenzise ulwazi kwiNgxelo ye-737 MAX FSB njengesiseko sokuqeqesha abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba babhabhe inqwelo moya.

Njengo-Boeing's 737 MAX oyiNtloko yezobuchwephetsha, u-Forkner wakhokela i-737 MAX yeQela lobuGcisa beNdiza kwaye wayenoxanduva lokubonelela nge-FAA AEG ngolwazi oluyinyani, oluchanekileyo nolugqibeleleyo ngumahluko phakathi kwe-737 MAX kunye ne-737 NG yovavanyo lwe-FAA AEG, ulungiselelo, kunye nokupapashwa kweNgxelo ye-737 MAX FSB.

Ngo-Novemba no-2016, u-Forkner wafumanisa ulwazi malunga notshintsho olubalulekileyo kwi-MCAS. Endaweni yokwabelana ngolwazi malunga nolu tshintsho kunye ne-FAA AEG, u-Forkner utyholwa ukuba ngabom walugcina olu lwazi kwaye wakhohlisa i-FAA AEG malunga ne-MCAS. Ngenxa yenkohliso yakhe, i-FAA AEG isusile konke ukubhekisa kwi-MCAS kuhlobo lokugqibela lweNgxelo ye-737 MAX FSB epapashwe ngoJulayi ka-2017. malunga ne-MCAS kwiincwadana zabo nakwizixhobo zoqeqesho. U-Forkner uthumele ikopi yeNgxelo ye-737 MAX FSB ku-Boeing e-US-737 MAX yabathengi beenqwelomoya, kodwa wababamba aba baxhasi ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga ne-MCAS kunye nenkqubo yovavanyo yeNgxelo ye-737 MAX FSB.

Ngomhla ka-Okthobha u-29, i-2018, emva kokuba i-FAA AEG ifumene ukuba i-Lion Air Flight 610- i-737 MAX-yaphahlazeka kufutshane neJakarta, e-Indonesia, kwakamsinya emva kokuba isukile kwaye i-MCAS yayisebenza kwimizuzwana engaphambi kwengozi, i-FAA AEG ifumene ulwazi malunga notshintsho olubalulekileyo kwi-MCAS ebanjwe nguForkner. Ukufumanisa olu lwazi, i-FAA AEG yaqala ukuphonononga kunye nokuvavanya i-MCAS. 

Ngomhla okanye malunga ne-Matshi 10, 2019, ngelixa i-FAA AEG isaphonononga i-MCAS, i-FAA AEG ifunde ukuba i-Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302- i-737 MAX-yaphahlazeka kufutshane ne-Ejere, e-Ethiopia, kungekudala emva kokuba isukile kwaye i-MCAS yayisebenza ngaphambili ingozi. Kungekudala emva kwengozi, zonke iinqwelomoya ezingama-737 MAX zazingumhlaba eUnited States.

U-Forkner uhlawuliswe ngamatyala amabini obuqhetseba abandakanya iinxalenye zeenqwelomoya kurhwebo lwangaphakathi kunye namanani amane obuqhetseba becingo. Kulindeleke ukuba avele okokuqala enkundleni ngoLwesihlanu eFort Worth, eTexas, phambi kweJaji kaMantyi wase-United States uJeffrey L. Cureton weNkundla yeSithili sase-US kwiSithili saseMantla eTexas. Ukuba ufunyaniswe enetyala, ujongene nesona sohlwayo siphezulu seminyaka engama-20 entolongweni kwinani ngalinye lobuqhetseba beengcingo kunye neminyaka elishumi entolongweni kwinani ngalinye lobuqhetseba elibandakanya iinxalenye zenqwelomoya kurhwebo lwangaphakathi. Ijaji yenkundla yesithili iya kugweba nasiphi na isigwebo emva kokuqwalaselwa kweMigaqo yokuGweba yase-US kunye nezinye izinto ezisemthethweni.

Iiofisi zentsimi yaseChicago ze-FBI kunye ne-DOT-OIG ziphanda eli tyala, ngoncedo lwezinye ii-ofisi ze-FBI kunye ne-DOT-OIG.

Igqwetha letyala u-Cory E. Jacobs, uMncedisi oyiNtloko u-Michael T. O'Neill, kunye negqwetha lezetyala u-Scott Armstrong weCandelo loLwaphulo-mthetho kwiCandelo loRhwaphilizo, kunye neGqwetha eliNcedisayo lase-United States u-Alex Lewis we-Ofisi ye-Gqwetha lase-US kwiSithili saseMantla sase-Texas bayatshutshisa eli tyala.

Isimangalo sisityholo nje, kwaye bonke abamangalelwa batyholwa bengenatyala de bafunyaniswe benetyala ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kwinkundla yomthetho.

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