I-MAASAI MARA, eKenya - Iilwandle ezimhlophe zesanti, izilwanyana zasendle kunye nemozulu yeTropiki yaseMpuma Afrika zilahlekelwa ngumtsalane wabo kwiindwendwe ezikude ezijongene nokudodobala koqoqosho kunye nokungasebenzi ngenxa yeengxaki zemali zehlabathi.
Kubantu baseYurophu nabaseMntla Melika, yindawo ekude nebiza imali eninzi, kwaye yenye yeyokuqala ukulahlwa kwiindlela zeeholide xa imali ixinile.
UKhenketho lilizwe lesithathu elikhulu laseKenya elingenisa imali yangaphandle, emva kokulima izitiya kunye neti, kwaye izazi ngezoqoqosho zoyika ukwehla kwamanani abatyeleli ngenxa yokuhla kwemivuzo kwaye konakalise iifemu zalapha ekhaya ezibonelela ngemisebenzi kwaye zigcine abantu behlupheka.
Umfundi waseSkotlani uRoddy Davidson, oneminyaka engama-38, kunye neqabane uShireen McKeown, oneminyaka engama-31 ubudala, banxunguphele iinyanga ngaphambi kokuba bathathe isigqibo sokuthatha iholide yabo yamaphupha eKenya - ukhenketho olutofotofo kwindawo yokugcina izilwanyana zasendle iMaasai Mara.
"Ngubani onokuthi siza kuyenza konke konke ukuba silinde iminyaka emithathu okanye emine?" UDavidson watsho xa egcakamela ilanga ecaleni kwechibi elijonge kwiRift Valley eMara Serena Safari Lodge.
“Uninzi lwabantu endibaziyo bahlala ekhaya okanye bathatha iiholide kwiindawo zeenkampu e-UK. Ndinabahlobo abathi, kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, bebeye phesheya kolwandle kodwa iholide yentente ifikeleleka kakhulu kunokubhukisha izihlalo ezine kwinqwelomoya.
Umphathiswa wezoKhenketho eKenya uthi ishishini linika imisebenzi engama-400,000 ubuncinane kwicandelo elisemthethweni kunye nangaphezulu kwama-600,000 kwicandelo elingekho sikweni lolona qoqosho lukhulu eMpuma Afrika.
Nangona kunjalo, abaqhubi banenkxalabo malunga nethemba lokunciphisa imisebenzi.
“Abokuqala abanqunyanyisiweyo ngabasebenzi abangcungcuthekisayo abasuka kwiilali ezikufutshane,” utshilo uSamson Apina, umncedisi womphathi kwiMara Serena Safari Lodge. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ngenxa yengxaki yezemali kuye kwafuneka siyeke abasebenzi abangama-20 okanye abangama-30.
U-Apina ukwathe ukhenketho lusachatshazelwa ngumonakalo kumfanekiso waseKenya kubundlobongela obusemva konyulo kunyaka ophelileyo.
Abakhenkethi baseJamani u-Uwe Trostmunn, 38, kunye neqabane lakhe uSina Westeroth bavumile. Baluhlehlisile uhambo oluya eKenya kulo nyaka uphelileyo, batyelela eThailand endaweni yoko.
“Akukho nto uyibonayo ngaphandle kweendaba ezimbi ezivela eKenya kumabonwakude, azizange zibe ziindaba ezimnandi,” utshilo uTrostmunn.
“ISAYA ESIPHELELEYO”
URichard Segal, oyingcali ye-Afrika kunye nentloko yophando lwezoqoqosho kwi-UBA Capital, uthe kukho isivumelwano sokuba icandelo lezokhenketho eMpuma Afrika liza kuhla ngeepesenti ezilishumi elinesihlanu ekhulwini ngo-15.
IKenya, iTanzania, iMauritius kunye neSeychelles ngabona baziva bexinezelekile, iingcali zithi, ngenxa yokubaluleka kokhenketho kumvuzo welizwe nakwingqesho.
“Eneneni phantse ibe sisiphango seendaba ezimbi kwingeniso yemali yangaphandle eMpuma Afrika,” utshilo uSegal.
Inani labatyeleli eKenya lehle nge-30.5 yeepesenti ukuya kuma-729,000 kunyaka ophelileyo emva kodushe lwasemva konyulo.
Intengiso emandla ekhaya naphesheya ayiphumelelanga ukunqanda ukudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Elona qela likhulu laseKenya labakhenkethi - 42.3 pesenti - livela eYurophu. Amanani ebhanki ephakathi abonisa ukuba inani labatyeleli baseYurophu lehla ngama-46.7 ekhulwini kwi-2008 ukuya kwi-308,123.
IKenya inqumle umrhumo we-visa yabakhenkethi yabantu abadala ukuya kwi-25 yeedola (iiponti ezili-17) ukusuka kwi-50 yeedola ukuzama ukukhusela isabelo semarike kodwa uMphathiswa wezoKhenketho awulindelanga ukuba umbono uphucule kulo nyaka.
UGunther Kuschke, umhlalutyi ozimeleyo wamatyala eRand Merchant Bank, uthe ilahleko yengeniso enaniselwano lwangaphandle exhaswa ngabakhenkethi inokuba yintlekele kumazwe amaninzi asempuma Afrika.
“Oovimba bamazwe angaphandle bangummeli obonisa ukuba ilizwe linakho kangakanani na ukunika iinkonzo kwiimbophelelo zalo zexeshana elifutshane,” utshilo. “Kamsinya nje yakuba iqala ukuwohloka iphakamisa iflegi ebomvu.
“Uvimba we-forex osezantsi ukwathetha ukuguquguquka kwemali yasekhaya,” utshilo, esongeza ukuba iTanzania ijongene nomceli mngeni omkhulu njengoko ukhenketho ibiyeyona nto ingenisa imali yangaphandle.
Ukuhla kubangele ukurhoxiswa kwabakhenkethi phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-50 yeepesenti ngexesha leenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kuJuni kwilizwe elihlala kwiNtaba iKilimanjaro, iThafa lengca iSerengeti kunye neelwandle zaseZanzibar.
UKULIMA YOLWANDLE
Iziqithi zaseZanzibar zithathwa njengezona zisemngciphekweni ukusukela oko kwawa phantsi kwimakethi ye-clove, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukhenketho kunye nokulima ukhula lwaselwandle kube yeyona mithombo yemisebenzi kunye nemivuzo.
Imarike yokhenketho ephambili yeli chwebakazi yi-Itali, ilizwe ngokwalo elisemngciphekweni wobunzima bezoqoqosho. Amanani abakhenkethi base-Italiya behla ngeepesenti ezingama-20 ukuya kwi-41,610 kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ngelixa inani labakhenkethi bamazwe ngamazwe lehla ngeepesenti ezili-10 ukuya kwi-128,440, ngokutsho kweKomishoni yaseZanzibar yoKhenketho.
Abaqhubi basekuhlaleni baxhalabile ngesiphumo sokunkqonkqoza kubalobi kunye nabarhwebi basekuhlaleni.
“Ubona imveliso eninzi kodwa akukho mntu unokuyithenga — le ke ikhonkco. Ukuba zonke ziyathengiswa kodwa akukho bakhenkethi, ngubani oza kuthenga? utshilo umphathi weZenith Tours u-Mohammed Ali, osebenze eZanzibar iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15.
Abasebenzi boyika ukuphelelwa yimisebenzi. “Andazi nokuba ndizakubanawo na umsebenzi emva kwenyanga kaJuni. Abantu abaninzi bayasokola,” utshilo u-Isaac John, umamkeli-zihotele osuka kwilizwe laseTanzania.
IKomishoni yezoKhenketho eZanzibar ithe yayitshintsha isicwangciso sayo sokubhengeza.
“Besigxile kwimakethi yaseYurophu kodwa ngoku kugxilwe kwimarike yengingqi ukoyisa ingxaki yehlabathi,” utshilo u-Ashura Haji, umlawuli wekhomishini kucwangciso nomgaqo-nkqubo.
UKuschke uthe iMauritius ijongene nokudodobala koqoqosho olukhulu kuba ibiluqoqosho oluncinci, oluvulelekileyo apho ukhenketho kunye nempahla elukayo zenza iipesenti ezingama-50 zomvuzo wotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle kunye neepesenti ezingaphezulu kwe-15 yemveliso yangaphakathi.
Ngokufanayo, kwiiSeychelles ezixhomekeke kwiindwendwe, ingeniso yezokhenketho kulindeleke ukuba yehle ngeepesenti ezili-10 kunyaka ozayo.
I-UBA Capital's Segal ithe imbonakalo ibingekho mfiliba yonke: "Ukhenketho belukhula kakhulu kwaye ukwehla kubuyisele kumanqanaba ka-2006-07, kwaye babeseneminyaka efanelekileyo."
UHaji, naye, wahlala enethemba ngekamva leZanzibar.
“Udandatheko alunakuhlala ngonaphakade,” watsho. "Ngenye imini kuya kuba kuhle kwakhona."
