I-DUBAI, i-United Arab Emirates - Kunyaka nje emva kokuba ukudodobala kwehlabathi kuphazamise ukukhula okugqabhukileyo kwe-Dubai, isixeko ngoku sigcwele amatyala kangangokuba sicela ukunyanzeliswa kweenyanga ezintandathu ekuhlawuleni amatyala - okubangela ukwehla kwiimarike zehlabathi ngoLwesine kunye nokuphakamisa imibuzo. malunga nodumo lwaseDubai njengemagnethi kutyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuwa kweza ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwavakala kwihlabathi liphela emva kwengxelo yangoLwesithathu yokuba eyona njini yophuhliso yaseDubai, iDubai World, iza kucela abatyalwayo ukuba “bame” ukuhlawula ityala layo leebhiliyoni ezingama-60 zeedola kude kube ubuncinci kuMeyi. Ingalo ye-real estate yenkampani, uNakheel - iiprojekthi zakhe ezibandakanya isiqithi esifana nesundu kwi-Gulf - ixhaswe yimali eninzi ngenxa yeebhanki, izindlu zotyalo-mali kunye neekontraka zophuhliso zangaphandle.
Lilonke, uthungelwano oluxhaswa ngurhulumente olubizwa ngokuba yiDubai Inc. luyi-80 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kubomvu kwaye i-emirate idinga ibheyile ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka kummelwane wayo osisityebi se-oyile u-Abu Dhabi, ikomkhulu le-United Arab Emirates.
Iimarike zathatha iindaba kakubi - kunye nosizi lwaseDubai kunye nokuwa okuqhubekayo kwedola yaseMelika kunika abatyali-mali amawele amaxhala. Intshukumo yaseDubai iphakamise inkxalabo malunga namatyala kuwo wonke uMmandla weGulf. Amaxabiso okuqinisekisa amatyala avela e-Abu Dhabi, eQatar, eSaudi Arabia naseBahrain onke anyuke ngeepesenti ezinedijithi ephindwe kabini ngoLwesine, ngokwedatha evela kwiCMA DataVision.
EYurophu, i-FTSE 100, i-DAX yaseJamani kunye ne-CAC-40 eFransi zivuleke kakhulu. Ngaphambili e-Asia, i-index yase-Shanghai yatshona amanqaku e-119.19, okanye i-3.6 ipesenti, ekwindla enkulu yosuku olunye ukususela ngo-Agasti 31. I-Hang Seng yaseHong Kong yachitha ipesenti ze-1.8 ukuya kwi-22,210.41.
IWall Street yavalwa ngeholide yoMbulelo kwaye uninzi lweemarike kuMbindi Mpuma zazithe cwaka ngenxa yesidlo esikhulu samaSilamsi.
"Isibhengezo sokuma kukaDubai ... besingacacanga kwaye kusenzima ukuqonda ukuba ikhwelo lokumisa liza kuba lelokuzithandela," yatsho ingxelo evela kwiQela le-Eurasia, iqela lophando esekwe eWashington elivavanya umngcipheko wezopolitiko kunye nemali kubatyali-mali bangaphandle abanomdla eDubai. .
"Ukuba akunjalo, iDubai World iya kusilela kwaye oko kuya kuba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwityala elizimeleyo laseDubai, iDubai World kunye nokuzithemba kwintengiso kwi-UAE ngokubanzi," yongeza ingxelo.
I-Dubai yaba lelona xhoba le-Gulf lokutsalwa kwetyala kunyaka ophelileyo. Kodwa umlawuli wayo, uSheik Mohammed bin Rashid Al-Maktoum, ebesoloko ezikhaba ngawo omane iinkxalabo malunga nokungabikho kwemali kwesi sixeko kwaye ebanga ukuba sigqithise ngamaxesha amnandi.
Xa ebuzwa malunga netyala, waqinisekisa ngokuzithemba iintatheli kwintlanganiso enqabileyo kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo ukuba "silungile" kwaye "asinaxhala," eshiya iinkcukacha zesicwangciso sokubuyisela - ukuba isicwangciso esinjalo sikhona - kumntu wonke.
Ke, ekuqaleni kwale nyanga, uxelele abagxeki baseDubai ukuba "bavale umlomo."
"Kufuneka avelise isicwangciso sokubuyisela esiya kuhlonishwa ngabo bafuna ukwenza ishishini ne-Dubai," kusho uSimon Henderson, ingcali yeGulf kunye namandla kwi-Washington Institute for Near East Policy. "Ukuba akenzi kakuhle, iDubai iya kuba yindawo elusizi."
Emva kweenyanga zokukhanyela ukuba ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kuye kwachaphazela nesixeko esimenyezelayo, urhulumente waseDubai ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ubonakalise iimpawu zokuzama ukujongana nokudodobala kwezemali okuye kwamisa inkitha yeeprojekthi kwaye kwasusa imfuduko yabasebenzi abaphuma kumazwe angaphandle.
NgoFebruwari, inyuse i-10 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwintengiso yebhondi elungiselelwe ngokukhawuleza kwibhanki ephakathi yase-United Arab Emirates, ese Abu Dhabi.
Isivumelwano - esibonwa ngabaninzi njengoncedo luka-Abu Dhabi eDubai - yayiyinxalenye yenkqubo yebhondi yeebhiliyoni ezingama-20 ukunceda iDubai ihlangabezane nezibophelelo zayo zamatyala.
NgoLwesithathu, iSebe lezeMali laseDubai libhengeze ukuba i-emirate inyuse enye i-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngokuthengisa iibhondi - zonke zithathwe ziibhanki ezimbini ezilawulwa ngu-Abu Dhabi.
Usapho luka-Abu Dhabi olulawulayo lwe-Al Nahyan luye lwaqina ngakumbi nenkcitho yalo, ukutyala inzuzo yeoli kwiziseko ezingundoqo, inkcubeko kunye namaziko karhulumente. Ngexesha le-Dubai ye-real estate bonanza, abakwaNahyans babone umdyarho wommelwane wabo oqaqambileyo ngaphambili kunye nezicwangciso zophuhliso kunye nezicwangciso zokhenketho ezazinobuxhakaxhaka obuninzi kodwa zineenkcukacha ezimbalwa malunga nendlela abaza kutsalwa ngayo.
Abanye baye benza imizimba yenyama. Indawo engaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-2,600 (iimitha ezingama-800) iBurj Dubai icwangciselwe ukuvulwa kweyoMqungu njengesona sakhiwo side ehlabathini. Kodwa ezinye iiprojekthi ezininzi, kubandakanya inqaba ende nangaphezulu kuneBurj Dubai kunye nezixeko zesatellite entlango, ziseyiplani nje.
Ukuma akusayi kuchaphazela kwangoko iCityCenter, indawo yekhasino yeebhiliyoni ezisisi-8.5 evula kwinyanga ezayo eLas Vegas ekwisiqingatha seDubai World. I-Dubai World subsidiary kunye nomqhubi wekhasino we-MGM Mirage uvumelene neebhanki ngo-Epreli ukuba zixhase ngokupheleleyo kwaye zigqibe inqaba emithandathu, uphuhliso lweehektare ezingama-67 zeendawo zokuchithela iiholide eziphucukileyo, iikhondomu, udederhu lweevenkile kunye nekhasino enye eLas Vegas Strip.
Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo yokumisa inokuvakala kwiifandesi zamahashe ezidumileyo zaseKeeneland kufutshane neLexington, eKy., apho uSheik Mohammed ungumbhidi obalaseleyo.
Kwiveki ephelileyo, uSheik Mohammed wehliswe amalungu aliqela abalaseleyo eDubai's elite kwaye wabeka amalungu osapho olulawulayo, kubandakanya noonyana bakhe ababini, omnye wabo oyindlalifa ka-Mohammed.
Oosomashishini abangazange bathandeke banxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nempumelelo ebalaseleyo yaseDubai. Babandakanya intloko yeDubai World, uSultan Ahmed bin Sulayem, kunye no-Mohammed Alabbar, intloko ye-Emaar Properties, umphuhlisi weBurj Dubai kunye namakhulu ezinye iiprojekthi.
“Uzama ukulungisa izinto,” utshilo uChristopher Davidson, umhlohli kwiGulf kwiDyunivesithi yaseDurham yaseBritane kunye nombhali weencwadi ezimbini kwi-UAE.
Nangona kunjalo, uDavidson wongeze, isigqibo sika-Mohammed sokutshintsha abo bancedisa ukubeka i-Dubai kwimephu yehlabathi kunye nezihlobo zakhe "sinokufundwa njengokwanda kwe-autocracy engabonakali kakuhle kumazwe ngamazwe."
Ayinguye wonke umntu okhathazekileyo kwinguqu yeDubai Inc. ibe lishishini losapho, abahlalutyi bathi.
Iintshukumo zamva nje zika-Mohammed zisenokuba zamkholisa u-Abu Dhabi ngaphezu kwabatyali-mali bangaphandle, kodwa yi-Abu Dhabi esenezona mpembelelo zinamandla zokusindisa iDubai kwintlupheko yayo yezemali.
“Ngokubuyisela isiseko samandla kusapho izinto zinje ngendlela ebekufanele ukuba ngayo ukuya kuthi ga e-Abu Dhabi,” utshilo uMohammed Shakeel, umhlalutyi oseDubai weYunithi yezoQoqosho lwezoQoqosho.
Emva kohambo olubiza imali eninzi ekwenzeni izinto ngendlela yaseNtshona, “kukubuyela kwiziseko” zaseDubai, wongeze watsho uShakeel.
Ulibaziseko ityala ubai rattles abatyali
Umphuhlisi wePropathi uNakheel bekufanele ahlawule phantse i-3.5bn yeebhondi ngoDisemba [EPA]
Iingxaki zamatyala eDubai ziye zagungqisa abatyali-mali kwaye zabeka uxinzelelo kwizabelo zebhanki kwihlabathi liphela njengoko uloyiko lukhula ngenxa yokusilela kwetyala.
Izitokhwe zaseYurophu ziye zawa phantsi ezingazange zibonwe ukusukela ngoMeyi kwaye iibhondi ziye zatsiba ngoLwesine emva kokuba iDubai ibhengeze izicwangciso zokuhlengahlengisa ityala leDubai World, i-conglomerate karhulumente ekhokele ukukhula kwe-emirate.
"Oku kukusilela kuyo yonke into ngaphandle kwegama," u-Andrew Critchlow, umlawuli olawulayo weDow Jones kuMbindi Mpuma, uxelele uAl Jazeera.
Akukho mntu wayeyilindele le nto. Abantu bebelindele ukuba iDubai iyaqala ukuphuma kwimeko yezoqoqosho kwaye yoyise ukudodobala esikubonileyo kwihlabathi liphela. ”
Iindleko zokuqinisekisa ityala laseDubai zinyuke ngolwesine kulandela isibhengezo sikarhulumente.
Iminyaka emihlanu yokutshintshiselana ngetyala eDubai - i-inshurensi echasene nomngcipheko wetyala - inyuke yaya kutsho phantse kuma-470 amanqaku asisiseko, ukunyuka kwamanqaku angama-30 kwiseshoni evaliweyo, i-CMA Datavision, iqela lokuhlalutya imarike esekwe eLondon, lathi.
"I-Dubai ayiwenzi umngcipheko wokufuna ukutya konke konke kwaye iimarike zihlala zikwimeko yengqondo ebuthathaka," uRussell Jones, intloko yengeniso esisigxina kunye nophando lwemali eLondon kwiRBC Capital Markets, uxelele iBloomberg.com.
“Sikwimeko apho sisesichengeni sokothuka kwezemali nangaluphi na uhlobo kwaye le yenye yazo,” utshilo.
Ityala 'limile'
Urhulumente waseDubai uthe ngolwesiThathu uza kucela abatyalwayo behlabathi eDubai ukuba bamkele ukumiswa kwamatyala axabisa iibhiliyoni zeedola.
Eli nyathelo liyinxalenye yesicwangciso sokuhlengahlengisa inkampani karhulumente kunye ne-subsidiary yomphuhlisi wepropati uNakheel.
"Ihlabathi laseDubai lizimisele ukucela bonke ababoneleli ngezimali kwi-Dubai World kunye neNakheel ukuba 'bame' kwaye bandise ukukhula kude kube yi-30 Meyi 2010," isitatimende esikhutshwe yi-Dubai Financial Support Fund sathi.
UNakheel, umphuhlisi weziqithi zokuhlala ezimile okwesundu ze-emirate, wayefanele ukuhlawula phantse i-3.5 yezigidigidi zeerandi ekukhuleni kweebhondi zamaSilamsi ngoDisemba.
UNakheel unoxanduva lolwakhiwo lwesiqithi esenziweyo sasePalm Jumeriya [AFP]
UCritchlow uxelele uAl Jazeera: “Bekukho iimpawu zokubuyela umva kwintengiso yepropathi. Urhwebo nokhenketho lwaluqalisa ukuqhambuka kwakhona.
"Ke oku kothusile bonke oosomashishini kwaye akukho namnye ngaphandle kweebhanki zamazwe aphesheya onokuthi aphulukane neebhiliyoni apha."
UJohn Sfakianakis, ingcali yezoqoqosho kwibhanki yaseSaudi Fransi, uthe: “Inokuba linyathelo lokwahlula isinyibilikisi kwiinkampani ezinyibilikayo ezincinci kumzamo wokususa ubunzima kwizinto ezingavezwanga kangako.
"[Kodwa] loo nto ayizithobi kwaphela iinkxalabo zemarike kodwa ingabonisa ukuqala kohlengahlengiso kunye nenkqubo yokwahlulahlulwa kwakhona."
IDubai inamatyala angaphandle amalunga neebhiliyoni ezingama-80 zeerandi, apho iDubai World, enye yeenkampani ezinkulu zokubamba ii-emirate, inabanini malunga neekota ezintathu.
I-emirate ngoku ithathwa njengoyena rhulumente wesithandathu kwihlabathi liphela ukuba angahlawuli imali-mboleko yakhe, ngokutsho kweCMA Datavision, iyibeka ngezantsi nje kweLatvia neIceland.
"Kubonakala ngathi iDubai World iza kwahlulwa," utshilo uCritchlow. "Ngokwenene ngamabali amabini - alungileyo kunye namabi - iDP World kwelinye icala ... kunye namanye amasebe."
Uhlengahlengiso oluphambili
Urhulumente waseDubai uthe ngoLwesine iDP World, osebenza kwizibuko lamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye ityala lakhe alizukuba yinxalenye yohlengahlengiso lweDubai World ngoLwesine.
IDubai World ibizama ukucenga ababolekisi bebhanki ukuba bahlengahlengise ukuya kuthi ga kwiibhiliyoni ezili-12 zeerandi zemali mboleko.
Inkampani, engabanini beBarneys New York, yaqesha inkampani yokucebisa ngo-Agasti ukuyinceda iphonononge iindlela zokuphucula imeko yezemali ye-US luxury chain.
I-emirate iqokelele amatyala ayo njengoko yayisanda kwicandelo leebhanki kunye ne-real-estate ngaphambi kokuba imeko yezemali yehlabathi yome imali ekhoyo.
Ukuhlengahlengisa amatyala akhe anxulunyaniswa norhulumente ngoku yeyona nto iphambili njengoko urhulumente efuna ukuqinisekisa ukuphinda abuyele kurhwebo, ukhenketho kunye noqoqosho olugxile kwiinkonzo kunye nokubuyela kwimeko yentlekele yepropathi.
