Ukutshona kwemali, uhlenga-hlengiso, ukucuthwa kwemivuzo kunye notshintsho olumandla kwiinqwelo-moya kunye neeshedyuli bekumele ukuba zithobe iindleko kwiinqwelomoya ezindala ukuze zikwazi ukungqamanisa amaxabiso aphantsi anikezelwa ngabakhweli abakumgangatho ophantsi.
Akhange kube njalo. "Umsantsa weendleko" phakathi kweenqwelomoya ezibizwa ngokuba zilifa esele ikho amashumi eminyaka kunye nabathwali abancinci bexabiso eliphantsi usahleli, ngokohlalutyo olutsha oluvela kumcebisi u-Oliver Wyman. Ngexesha elide, oku kunokwenza kube nzima kwiinkampani zeenqwelomoya ezindala ukuthelekisa iimali eziphantsi kakhulu.
“Ndandilindele into eyahlukileyo. Bendilindele ukucutheka komsantsa, utshilo u-Andrew Watterson, iqabane e-Oliver Wyman, iyunithi yeMarsh & McLennan Cos.
Endaweni yoko, abathwali bexabiso eliphantsi baye bakwazi ukunciphisa iindleko zabo ngakumbi njengoko abakhuphisana nabo bezama ukubamba. Baye bagcina i-advanteji ngaphezu kweenqwelo-moya ezinkulu kwimveliso, ebavumela ukuba babhabhe izihlalo ngexabiso eliphantsi kuneembangi. Bakwanenzuzo yeendleko zomsebenzi: Nangona amazinga emivuzo ethotyiwe, iinqwelomoya ezindala zinepesenti ephezulu yabasebenzi abakwinqanaba eliphezulu.
“Ubukhulu becala ziindleko zenkampani yeenqwelomoya endala,” utshilo uDouglas Parker, umlawuli oyintloko we-US Airways Group Inc., inkampani yakhe iyindibaniselwano yenkampani yeenqwelomoya yelifa, i-US Airways, kunye nesiqalo, iMelika West Airlines. “Kwicala elingasempuma” lenkampani - i-US Airways yasekuqaleni - wonke umqhubi wenqwelomoya uphezulu kwisikali somvuzo.
"Akunjalo kwi-JetBlue okanye i-AirTran okanye i-Southwest," uMnu. Parker uthi. "Nokuba isikali siyafana, iindleko ze-cockpit zahlukile."
Kubathengi, ukuthotywa kweendleko ezindlongondlongo kwiinqwelo-moya kuvelise ixesha elide leentlawulo eziphantsi kakhulu. Ngokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ziye zazibeka kwimeko engcono yokuhlangabezana nokudodobala koqoqosho. Okoko imfuno yehla, banikezele ngamaxabiso athotyiweyo ngokunzulu kwaye khange kufuneke bangxamele ukuya ezinkundleni zokutshona ukuze bakhuseleke, njengoko benzile iinqwelomoya ezininzi kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukubekwa kwimirhumo yayo yonke into ukusuka ekujongeni iibhegi ukuya ekuhlawuleni amatikiti abhabhayo rhoqo kuye kwanceda, nako.
Oku kunokutshintsha ngenxa yeendleko ezizingisileyo, ezinokuthi ziphele zahlula iinqwelomoya ezinokuthi ziphile ngokunikezela ngamatikiti aphantsi kwezo ziya kuphelelwa yimali. Kwiminyaka eliqela edlulileyo, uhambo oluluqilima lweshishini kunye nemfuno yamatikiti eprimiyamu kwiindlela zamazwe ngamazwe zinike iinqwelo-moya ezinexabiso eliphezulu ingeniso eyaneleyo yokoyisa umsantsa weendleko. Kodwa ukudodobala koqoqosho kuye kwaphelisa ukuhamba kweshishini elineedola eziphezulu, kushiya iinqwelomoya ezixabisa kakhulu ukuba zikhuphisane ngokuthe ngqo nezaphulelo kubakhweli abahamba ngexabiso eliphantsi.
Khawucinge nje ngeCanada, apho i-Air Canada iphinde yahlengahlengiswa ekutshoneni ngo-2004, kodwa ayikwazanga ukufumana iindleko zayo zisezantsi njengezo ze-WestJet Airlines Ltd., imbangi yayo yohambo oluphantsi. Ngoku iAir Canada iyasokola; i-400 yezigidi ze-credit line yanqunyanyiswa ekwindla lokugqibela. UMlawuli oyiNtloko uMontie Brewer uye warhoxa kwiveki ephelileyo, kwaye amatyala amakhulu kunye nezibophelelo zomhlalaphantsi ziyeza ekupheleni kwalo nyaka.
Iinqwelomoya zilinganisa iindleko zeyunithi kunye nengeniso ngokusasaza phezu kweemayile zokuhlala - isihlalo ngasinye sihamba imayile enye. Kwikota yesithathu kulo nyaka uphelileyo, xa amaxabiso epetroli ebesephezulu, ingeniso eyenziwe yi-AMR Corp.'s American, Delta Air Lines Inc., Continental Airlines Inc., Northwest Airlines Corp., UAL Corp.'s United kunye ne-US Airways. I-12.46 yeesenti kwisitulo semayile nganye, ngokutsho kophononongo luka-Oliver Wyman, ngelixa iindleko beziyi-14.68 yeesenti ngekhilomitha yesihlalo ngokwe-avareji. Kwikhilomitha nganye yokuhlala, ezo nqwelo-moya zazilahlekelwa yimali.
Umyinge we-Frontier Airlines Holdings Inc., i-AirTran Holdings Inc., i-JetBlue Airways Corp kunye ne-Southwest Airlines Co. ibonise indlela iinqwelo-moya eziphantsi kweendleko eziphantsi ziqhube ngcono. Umndilili wengeniso ngemayile yesihlalo ibiziisenti ezili-10.92, ngaphezulu nje kweendleko zomndilili we-10.87 yeesenti ngekhilomitha yokuhlala. I-avareji yeendleko zeenqwelo-moya zelifa kulo nyaka uphelileyo zibe ngama-35% ngaphezulu kweendleko zeyunithi zomndilili zabathwali bexabiso eliphantsi.
Ngo-2003, njengoko iinqwelo-moya zaziqala uhlengahlengiso olukhulu, u-Oliver Wyman wafumanisa ukuba iinqwelo-moya ezinexabiso eliphantsi zine-“gap yeendleko” ze-advanteji ngaphezu kweenqwelo-moya zelifa leesenti ezi-2.7 ngemayile nganye yokuhlala. Kunyaka ophelileyo, umsantsa wawuyi-3.8 yeesenti ngekhilomitha yesihlalo. Ngokweepesenti, i-gap ihlale ifana nayo kwiminyaka emithandathu edlulileyo - iindleko ze-airline zefa ziye, ngokwe-avareji, i-23% ukuya kwi-27% ephezulu kuneendleko eziphantsi zeenqwelo-moya ngekhilomitha nganye yokuhlala.
Nkqu nokuthatha amafutha ngaphandle uthelekiso kwaye nullifying inzuzo Southwest kuba ngenxa hedges amafutha - ezithengiweyo xa amaxabiso oyile yayisezantsi ukuba ugcine inkampani iibhiliyoni zeerandi - ayitshintshi ixabiso-umsantsa inyaniso. Omnye umsantsa weendleko awunakuthintelwa. Imisebenzi emikhulu yamazwe ngamazwe izisa iindleko eziphezulu (kodwa kunye nengeniso ephezulu). Imisebenzi ye-hub enkulu iyasebenza- kunye nezixhobo ezinzulu kwaye ayiphantse yasebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuba iinqwelomoya kunye nabasebenzi bahlala bejikeleza ixesha elide kwaye amasango anokuhlala engenanto ixesha elide. Iinqwelomoya zexabiso eliphantsi zithintela ukudibanisa iscads zabathengi ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezinkulu kwaye zihlala zingenanto kwaye zizalise iinqwelomoya emhlabeni ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
Intlawulo yeenqwelo-moya ezixabisa kakhulu ifanele ukuba yingeniso ephezulu. Iinqwelomoya ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe zitsala iiflaya zedola eziphezulu, umzekelo, kunye nothungelwano olubanzi ludala ithuba elingakumbi lokudibanisa abakhweli abaninzi. Oko kusebenze kakuhle kwiinqwelomoya xa uqoqosho lomelele kwaye abahambi bezoshishino bahlawula i-dollar ephezulu kumatikiti. UDavid Barger, umphathi oyintloko we-JetBlue Airways, uthi amaxabiso e-oyile aphezulu kunyaka ophelileyo agqithise iinqwelomoya kwaye enze zonke iinqwelo ezithwala ixabiso eliphezulu. Uthi: “Xa ioli yonyuka, saphulukana nenzuzo enkulu. "Njengoko kwehla, abantu abaphantsi kwexabiso eliphantsi baphinda bafumana inzuzo yethu."
Isitshixo sokugcina iindleko ziphantsi, uthi, kukukhula - enye indawo apho abathwali bexabiso eliphantsi banomda. Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ezikhulayo zongeza iinqwelomoya ezintsha ezingekabinazo iindleko ezininzi zokuzilungisa okanye imiba yokuthembeka. Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya ezikhulayo ziqesha abasebenzi phantsi kwesikali semivuzo. Ngokuchaseneyo, iinqwelomoya ezicuthayo zinexesha elinzima lokunciphisa iindleko zeyunithi. Basenokumisa iinqwelomoya kodwa kusafuneka bahlale behlawula iintlawulo kuzo. Basenokuba bahlawula iimali zokuqeshisa kumasango esikhululo seenqwelo-moya kunye nendawo yekhawuntara abangasayisebenzisiyo. Iindleko zolawulo zinokusasazwa kubakhweli abambalwa, zinyusa iindleko zenkampani ngomkhweli ngamnye.
Abathwali bexabiso eliphantsi baye babamba ngokuthe ngcembe ipesenti enkulu yokuhamba ngomoya wasekhaya, bethwele i-26% yabakhweli basekhaya kwi-2003 kunye ne-31% ngo-2007, ngokutsho kukaRaymond James & Associates Inc. Iinkampani zeenqwelomoya zelifa zehla ukusuka kwi-56% yabakhweli ngo-2003 ukuya kuma-48% ngo-2007.
