I-Asia eseMbindini ilungele ukulwa nemeko yasemva kwe-2014 Afghanistan kodwa hayi iPakistan

ISLAMABAD, Pakistan (eTN) -UMongameli wase-US u-Barack Obama kunye noMongameli wase-Afghanistan u-Hamid Karzai babhengeza iqhinga lokurhoxa e-US. Abamelwane base-Afghan baxhalabile kakhulu malunga nokwanda kobunqolobi kunye nokuthutyeleziswa kweziyobisi ngommandla kwimeko yokurhoxa.

Okwangoku i-Afghanistan yeyona mveliso iphambili ye-opium emhlabeni evelisa iitoni ezingama-5,800 61 ngonyaka. Ikhuphuke ngama-XNUMX% kunyaka ophelileyo kuphela. IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zalumkisa ngelithi le meko yayingalawuleki. Umntu unokucinga ukuba ingaphuma phi ezandleni xa kuya kubakho umkhosi wama-Afghan kunye namaPolisa kuphela olawulayo- yomibini le mibutho kuthiwa iyabandakanyeka kolu rhwebo.

Uqoqosho lwase-Afghan luxhomekeke ku-70% kuncedo lwangaphandle nakwizibonelelo kunye nomkhosi wesizwe wase-Afghan kunye namapolisa esizwe e-Afghan baxhomekeke kwi-90% kwizibonelelo zemivuzo yabo kwaye iyaqondakala into yokuba urhulumente wase-Afghan ngokuqinisekileyo akazukuyixhasa imikhosi emikhulu xa imivuzo izakuphuma. epokothweni, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ngokuthe ngcembe kwemikhosi. I-United States kunye nabalingane bayo ngokubanzi bavumile ukuchitha i-4.1 yezigidigidi ngonyaka kumkhosi wase-Afghanistan nakwimikhosi yamapolisa emva kokuba imisebenzi yokulwa iphele ngasekupheleni kuka-2014.
Imali yayiya kuhlawula umkhosi malunga ne-230,000 yamajoni omkhosi wase-Afghanistan kunye namapolisa, kuncinci kakhulu kunakwisicwangciso esimi ixesha elide sokwandisa imikhosi ukuya malunga ne-350,000 ngekota yokugqibela yonyaka ka-2012.

Ngokwesicwangciso sezemali, amazwe ase-US kunye ne-non-ISAF, anjenge Japan, Pakistan, India, Gulf ithi, azakugubungela ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha senkxaso mali, ngokubonelela nge $ 2.3 yezigidigidi ngonyaka. Amazwe e-NATO kunye ne-ISAF (ngaphandle kwe-US) aya kunika i-1.3 yezigidigidi zeedola. Kwaye izigidi ezingama-500 zeerandi ziya kuvela kurhulumente wase-Afghanistan. Ukwahlulwa kwamanani kwilizwe liphela akuchazwanga, kodwa urhulumente wase-UK sele eqinisekisile ukuba izabelo zakhe ziziipesenti ezingama-70- okanye i-US $ 110 yezigidi. Inani le-Afghanistan National Forces Forces (ANSF) kulindeleke ukuba lifike kwi-352,000 ukuphela kuka-2012 kwaye lihlale kwinqanaba ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2015- phantse iminyaka emibini. Ukuncitshiswa kwemikhosi kuya kuqala kwi-2015 kwaye kuye kuphela ngo-2017 malunga ne-230,000.

I-Chancellor yase-Germany u-Merkel uthe imikhosi yamazwe e-Afghanistan isendleleni yokurhoxa okucwangcisiweyo ukuphela konyaka ka-2013. Kwintlanganiso yobunkokheli ye-NATO eyayibanjwe nge-4 kaMeyi, iingxelo zithi amahlakani eNATO avumile ukuba azakuphuma ukuphela kuka-2013. Umongameli omtsha wase-France, u-Francois Hollande, ebesithi ufuna i-France iphume nge-2012. Oko kubonisa umthwalo wezokhuseleko e-USA nakwimikhosi yase-Afghanistan izakonyuka kakuhle phambi kokufumana iigranti zokubamba umkhosi wase-Afghanistan uqinile.

Isicwangciso-nkqubo sokurhoxa emva kokurhoxa e-US kubonakala ngathi sixhomekeke kuphuhliso lwesicwangciso-mbumbano kunye neTaliban mindset ukuba ayibobunkokeli nokuphambukisa urhwebo lwehlabathi kwiNdlela yalo entsha yeSilika enokuthi inyuse uqoqosho lwase-Afghanistan. Imithombo kwi-Taliban cadre ibango ukuba bakulungele ukuthetha ukuba umhlaba uyawamkela amanqaku abo aphambili kubandakanya neKoran engcwele ukuba ibe ngumgaqo-siseko wase-Afghanistan kwaye akukho majoni angaphandle aya kuhlala e-Afghanistan. La manqaku mabini awamkelekanga kurhulumente waseKarazai nakwilizwe lasentshona kuba ukwamkela la manqaku kunyathela ulawulo lwecaliph eAfghanistan njengoko kwakunjalo ngexesha leTaliban.

Ke ngoko umntu unokuthi akukho nto itshintshileyo kwaye izinto ziyafana nanjengoko zazinjalo ngonyaka ka-2001 ngaphandle kwentlekele eyayijongene noluntu lwasePakistan nase-Afghan. Ngeli xesha i-US ixhasa ngenkxaso yeNdlela eNtsha yeSilika umbono ujongeka unebhongo kodwa ungasebenzi kakhulu xa iTshayina sele ibonisile indlela eNtsha yeSilika isebenza ngelixa imibono yeSilk Road yase-US inezithintelo ezinzulu kwaye kungathatha iminyaka eliqela ukuyiphumeza. Umzila kaloliwe wase-Afghan-Uzbek oxhaswe yi-US owakhiwa kutsha nje ukudibanisa i-Afghanistan norhwebo lwase-Uzbekistan uvaliwe nje emva kokusebenza iinyanga ezimbalwa. Esona sithintelo sikhulu sale ndlela yeSilika eNtsha yimeko yase-Afghanistan ngokwayo kwaye okwesibini kukuba le ngcamango yeNtsha
Indlela yeSilika yase-United States ayibandakanyi i-Iran njengekhonkco kwaye ukusuka kwiTurkmenistan Road iya eAzerbaijan ngokuphepha i-Iran.

Le ndlela ayibizi mali ingako kwaye iya kuphinda idlule kwindawo enongquzulwano ngenxa yobudlelwane obuhlungu phakathi kweAzerbaijan neArmenia ngaphambi kokudibana neTurkey okanye ukuphambukisa eGeorgia naseUkraine.Kodwa iKiev nayo ayinabungane, njengokuba kwakunjalo ngelixesha ityhilwe, kuba ngela xesha u-Yulia Tymoshenko onobuhlobo e-US wayelawula ilizwe, kodwa ngoku urhulumente oxhaswe yiRussia usekhwele. Inkulumbuso u-Azarov kunye no-Mongameli u-Viktor Yanukovych bathanda ifilosofi yase-Russia yoDibaniso lwangaphambili lwe-Soviet Union endaweni yemigaqo-nkqubo yobuhlobo yase-US.

Kwelinye icala, i-New Silk Road yase-China ibonakalise ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ibaleka kwizibuko laseLianyungang eMpuma China ukuya eKazakhstan kwi-Asia eseMbindini ukuya eRotterdam eJamani. Uloliwe wekhonteyina yokubonisa wayeqhutywa e-China Silk yendlela yoololiwe ikhonkco ethwele umthwalo weempahla zase-China, kwaye wagubungela i-10,000 yeekhilomitha (i-6,200 yeekhilomitha) kwiintsuku ezili-15, uwela i-China, iMongolia, i-Russia, i-Belarus ne-Poland ngaphambi kokufika e-Hamburg, eJamani. Ngokuthelekisa, uthutho lwaselwandle longeza i-10,000 leekhilomitha kuhambo oludlula kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, kwaye bekuya kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-40 ukuhambisa iimpahla ukusuka e-China ukuya eJamani-ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini ixesha lokuthumela oololiwe nge-corase ye-Eurasian.

Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-US-exhaswa yiNew Silk Road kunye neprojekthi yase China. I-China iyishiyile ngokupheleleyo i-Afghanistan kwiprojekthi yayo, becinga ukuba lo mhlaba uzakuhlala ungazinzanga, ngelixa iprojekthi yase-US imi kwisiseko sokukhuthaza i-Afghanistan kunye nokudibanisa izinto ezenzeka e-Asia ye-Asia nase-Asia Ephakathi nge-Afghanistan kodwa i-China icwangcisa i-Afghanistan. Kule meko akukho thuba lokuba i-Afghanistan ifumane isabelo sayo ukusuka e-Asia ye-Asia ukuya kwi-Asia Ephakathi yorhwebo kunye nezothutho kunye nokwakha uqoqosho kwaye ikulungele ukujongana nemiceli mngeni ka-2014.

Abamelwane base-Afghanistan boyika ukuba iAfghanistan emva kowama-2014 iyakuba lilizwe elinobungozi ngakumbi kwaye inokuba ivelisa iziyobisi kunye nobunqolobi, ngenxa yoko la mazwe anqwenela ukuzigcina kude nemigaqo-nkqubo yase-US-Afghan. Ukulungela kwamazwe akuMbindi weAsia kunokuqikelelwa yinto yokuba uMbutho oHlanganisiweyo weSivumelwano soKhuseleko (i-CSTO) ngexesha lentlanganiso kaDisemba ka-2011 ithathe isigqibo sokuba naliphi na ilizwe elingaphandle kwe-CSTO liya kuba nakho ukuseka iziseko kumhlaba welungu elinemvume yawo onke amalungu . I-CSTO ngumbutho wezokhuseleko wengingqi onamazwe asixhenxe angamalungu eRussia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan nase Uzbekistan.

I-Tajikistan inomphetho wokuba imida yayo igcinwe yi-Russian 502 Battalion ngelixa imikhosi yase-Uzbek ihlambe ngempumelelo i-Islamists ukusuka e-Fergana Valley eyayilawulwa ngokugqibeleleyo ngamajoni ama-Islamist awabhengeza ulawulo lwe-caliph kwaye alawula intlambo iminyaka emi-3. Ke ngoko, akukho zonxibelelwano kwaye akukho zimbombo zithambileyo phakathi kwemikhosi yase-Uzbek yeTaliban okanye yamaSilamsi okanye yama-Afghans. Ngeli xesha kukho ubukho obuqinileyo be-NATO eTurkmenistan ke ikhuselekile noko.

I-Iran ikulungele ukujongana nale meko kunye nokuhlaselwa. Imikhosi ephantsi ye-Iran's elite Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) ibibambe imithambo yomkhosi kufutshane nomda ne-Afghanistan ngoJanuwari ukuvavanya ukulungela kwabo ukulwa le meko. Imeko ibonisa ukuba bonke abamelwane base-Afghanistan ngaphandle kwePakistan bakulungele, ngandlela thile, ukujongana nemeko yokurhoxa emva kokurhoxa.

YiPakistan kuphela ebonakala ngathi ibuthathaka kule meko yonke. Isiganeko sakutshanje sekhefu laseBannu sibonisa ukungakulungeli kwePakistan ukujongana nale meko, apho bekungekho sithintelo kumaTalibans ukuba aqhekeze intolongo aze akhulule malunga namabanjwa angama-600 kubandakanya nabasebenzi abaphezulu abangama-130 baseTaliban.

Ke ngoko ukujonga ngaphaya kwe-2014, imeko yasePakistan ibonakala imbi kakhulu kuba iya kuba lilizwe kuphela eliya kufumana ama-Afghanis amaninzi, abaya kubaleka ukuba kukho imfazwe yamakhaya e-Afghanistan okanye ukuba imithetho yeTaliban iyaxinzelelwa kuba imeko ibonisa ukuba imeko yase-Afghanistan inokuba mandundu emva kokuhamba. yemikhosi yangaphandle kunye nokuphuma ngokulula kuya kuba kuphela ePakistan.
Ngapha koko amaTaliban ahlala efumana inkxaso kumaqela ezenkolo avela ePakistan ngelixa ukusekwa kunendawo ethambileyo yamaSilamsi abazalwana abavela kumhlaba waseAfghan.

Ngaba iPakistan ikulungele ukujongana nale meko, ngenxa yomlo wezopolitiko wasekhaya kunye neep-Taliban element phakathi kwayo? Lo ngumbuzo ophambili ezingqondweni zawo wonke umntu wasePakistan namhlanje.