Khawucinge ngeflethi, i-430 sq. km. ichaphaza kwiCaribbean - ilanga, ulwandle, kunye nesanti zibandakanyiwe - zixhaswa ngokupheleleyo ngamandla acocekileyo, iphuli yemoto eluhlaza ngokupheleleyo, kunye neepaneli zesola kuphahla lwezindlu kuyo yonke indawo. Barbados iya kuyiguqula ngokupheleleyo indlela ephila ngayo, esebenza ngayo, kwaye iphinda ivelise kwakhona - kwisithuba seshumi leminyaka. Kodwa kutheni le nto inkulu kangaka? Ngaphandle kokubonakalisa ubunkokeli obunebhongo bemozulu, ilizwe linomxube ontsonkothileyo wemicelimngeni efuna inguqu enjalo.
Ukuqala, isiqithi sinesiseko sobutyebi esimxinwa kakhulu. Ukhenketho yeyona nto iphambili ekuthengiseni amazwe angaphandle, ethatha ipesenti ezingama-40 zeGDP (ethe ngqo nengathanga ngqo). Ngaphandle koko, ukhetho lokuvelisa ingeniso lulinganiselwe. Oku kwandisa ukuxhomekeka ekubolekeni. Esi siqithi asivelisi kutya kwaneleyo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemfuno yaye sineoli encinane kakhulu, igesi, okanye ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke amatyala avela kumazwe angaphandle aphezulu kakhulu. Olu qoqosho luncinci luvulekileyo, ke ngoko, lukwinceba yeemarike zehlabathi kunye neendlela.
Okulandelayo, yongeza isiqinisekiso sonyaka semozulu embi evela kwizitshingitshane zetropikhi zeAtlantiki ezinokuthi zitshabalalise uqoqosho lweCaribbean, uluntu, kunye nendalo esingqongileyo - malunga ne-200% ye-GDP kwezinye iimeko. Emva koko yongeza utshintsho lwemozulu, oluya kwenza ezi nkqubo zibe namandla kwaye zixhaphake. Sisoyikiso esikhoyo sokuba iBarbados ayinabo nje ubunewunewu bokungahoyi.
Isisombululo siyafuneka esijongana neenkalo ezininzi. Omnye okhuthaza amandla kunye nokhuseleko lokutya, ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, ukwakha ukunyamezela kwimozulu kunye neempembelelo zemozulu, kunye nokulungelelanisa indawo yemali ukuze kusebenze kakuhle izinto eziphambili zophuhliso - ukuguqula isiqithi sibe yindawo eyona izinzileyo inguqulelo ngokwayo.
Injongo kukuba i-carbon neutral ngelixa igcina indawo ekhuselekileyo, uluntu oluzinzile, kunye noqoqosho oluzinzileyo noluzinzileyo. Oku kuzibophelela kusekelwe kuMgaqo-nkqubo wezaMandla weSizwe wowama-2019-2030. Kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, iBarbados iya kuzama uku:
• Ukwandisa kakhulu ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo (RE), ingakumbi kwimithombo yesola, umoya, kunye nebhayofuel kunye nokupheliswa kokuveliswa kwefosili.
• Ukutshintshela uluntu lusingise ekushukumeni okuluhlaza ngokukhuthaza ukuba kuthathwe kakhulu iimoto zombane okanye ezixubeneyo (ii-EVs).
• Ukuphucula ugcino lwamandla (EC) kunye nokusebenza kakuhle (EE) ngokupheliswa kokukhanya okungasebenzi kakuhle kunye nezixhobo zombane, nokuseka imigangatho yokukhuthaza iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
• Ukukhuthaza i-decarbonization, ngokubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa neyemali, kunye nokumisela imilinganiselo yemali (iinkxaso-mali, iimali-mboleko, izaphulelo zerhafu kunye nokukhululwa, ukukhululelwa kwirhafu yokungenisa elizweni).
• Uhlengahlengiso lomthetho kunye nokwakha amandla okuququzelela inguqu yezamandla.
Izinto eziphambili zempumelelo
Ngelixa isiqithi sisesekuqaleni kwexesha lokuphunyezwa, sinokuchonga ezinye izinto eziphambili zokuqhuba.
Isiqithi esithe tyaba seTropiki njengeBarbados yeyona ndawo iphambili yokusebenzisa amandla elanga. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970, esi siqithi sibe yinkokeli kushishino lweteknoloji yokufudumeza kwamanzi elanga (SWH). Isiqithi sine (enye) yezinga eliphezulu lofakelo lwe-SWH kulo lonke elaseCaribbean, okonga abathengi phakathi kwe-USD 11.5-16 yezigidi ngonyaka. Ifa le-SWH kunye namava abonelela ngefuthe kwishishini lendawo ye-solar photovoltaic (PV) ukuphuhlisa. Imarike yemoto yombane ekhulayo eBarbados nayo iyakhuthaza. Ngeli xesha, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso e-oyile negesi kutsha nje kwihlabathi kukhuthaze abahlali abaninzi ukuba batyale imali kumandla aluhlaza nakwizothutho.
Impembelelo yobunkokeli obuqinileyo bemozulu kunye nentando yezopolitiko ayinakugqithiswa. Oku kuboniswa kulo lonke uluntu lwaseBarbadian kodwa ngoku idume kakhulu kwiNkulumbuso, uMia Amor Mottley. Uvele kwinqanaba lamazwe aphesheya, ethethelela iBarbados kunye nawo onke amazwe amancinci eziqithi, xa ejongene nengxaki yemozulu. Impembelelo yakhe kunye nothando lwakhe kwincoko yamazwe ngamazwe yamzuzela imbasa yoMhlaba kubuNkokeli boMgaqo-nkqubo ngo-2021.
Inkxaso yobugcisa neyemali ebonelelwa ngamahlakani ophuhliso lwamazwe amabini, kumazwe ngamazwe, kunye naphakathi koorhulumente ibe luncedo kakhulu. Ukusukela ngo-2019, iBarbados ixhamle ngaphezulu kwe-USD 50 yezigidi zezigidi kutyalo-mali lwamandla oluvela kula mahlakani, ibonelela ngamagalelo abalulekileyo emali ukunceda iBarbados ngokuphumeza amanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo.
Ukuphuhlisa umgaqo-nkqubo, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo baqhube uphando olubanzi, kubandakanywa imijikelo emininzi yokubonisana kulo lonke icandelo lamandla e-Barbados ngo-2016 no-2017, kunye neentlanganiso zamacandelo amaninzi achaphazelekayo ngo-2018. Basebenzisa i-Multi-Criteria Approach (MCA) ukubamba uluhlu olubanzi iimbono zempembelelo, kubandakanywa umdla onokuthi ukhuphisane.
ICandelo lezaMandla likaRhulumente liqumrhu eliququzelela umgaqo-nkqubo. Ngenxa yokuba ubume beli bhongo bufuna ukuba icandelo ngalinye lidityaniswe, umgaqo-nkqubo ubandakanya ii-arhente kuwo wonke amacandelo oluntu, abucala, kunye noluntu. Amaqabane ophuhliso afana neBhanki yoPhuhliso lwe-Inter-American, iBhanki yoPhuhliso lweCaribbean, kunye neKhomishini yaseYurophu nayo ingundoqo ekuxhaseni ngemali amacandelo ahlukeneyo okuphunyezwa.
Phantse iminyaka emine yokuphunyezwa, yonke le misebenzi ingentla iyaqhubeka. Uphononongo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha lucetywa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5 njengoko izixhobo zivumela ukuhlola inkqubela kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso.
Izifundo ezifundwayo
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 kunye nokuwohloka kokhenketho lwamazwe ngamazwe kucinezele kakhulu umsebenzi wezoqoqosho wasekhaya kwaye kwanciphisa kakhulu indawo yemali. Lo bhubhani uphinde wawenza mandundu umlinganiselo wetyala-kwi-GDP, unyanzelela ukukwazi ukuboleka. Ngaphezulu, ngenxa yobungakanani obunxulumene noqoqosho kunye nabemi, iBarbados ingumthengi wetekhnoloji kuphela ngoku, kwaye ixabiso leyunithi ye-RE ne-EV technologies (kunye neendleko zenkunzi yeeprojekthi zotyalo-mali lwemozulu ngokubanzi) zihlala ziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ilizwe liyaqhubeka nokubonelela ngenkuthazo yemali kunye nezinye iindlela zenkxaso ukukhuthaza ukuthathwa kwetekhnoloji kwisiqithi sonke. IBarbados ikwachonga amathuba okufikelela kwinkxaso-mali yemisebenzi ethile yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Kukho imfuneko yokomeleza ngakumbi amaziko ukuze alandele amathuba, kubandakanywa noqeqesho kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhono. Nangona kunjalo, omabini amaqumrhu ecandelo likarhulumente necandelo labucala aphumeze iinkqubo zemfundo ephakamileyo neyobugcisa ukwakha iiseti zezakhono ezinxulumene ne-RE ne-EV kunye nokwandisa umthamo wabasebenzi bengingqi.
Idatha yamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ziyafuneka kwamanye amacandelo ukubeka iliso kunye nokulinganisa inkqubela phambili, kunye nokugqiba uluhlu lwe-GHG lwesiqithi. Nangona ulawulo lwedatha luhlala lucelomngeni, ekuhambeni kwexesha, izikhewu zedatha ziyavalwa. Inkxaso evela kubalingane bamazwe ngamazwe iya kubaluleka ukuxhasa ulawulo lwedatha ukuya phambili.
Ngelixa iBarbados isenayo indlela yokuhamba, yenze ezinye:
Iimpumelelo ezibonakalayo neziqaphelekayo
• Bangaphezu kwama-2,000 abavelisi bamandla abazimeleyo ngoku abavelisa i-50 MW kumbane welanga – bafikelela phantse kuma-20% amandla anokubakho elanga.
• Izakhiwo zikarhulumente ezili-15+ ziphinde zafakelwa izixokelelwano zesolar photo-voltaic kunye nezixhobo ezonga umbane. Ezinye izakhiwo ezili-100 zicetywa.
• Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuthengwa kwempahla karhulumente ngoku ubeka phambili ukuthengwa kwezithuthi zombane okanye ezixutyiweyo, apho kunokwenzeka.
• Izithuthi eziphantsi kukarhulumente okwangoku zibandakanya iibhasi ezingama-49 ze-EV. Izicwangciso zokufumana iibhasi ezili-10 ezongezelelweyo ziya kwandisa isabelo seebhasi zombane kwinqwelo ukuya malunga ne-85%. Ngaphezulu kwe-350 EVs ngoku zisendleleni.
• Zingaphezulu kwama-24,000 izibane zasezitalatweni eziphinde zafakelwa izibane ze-LED.
• Urhulumente uye wavala usetyenziso lweeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye (i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, okanye enye isiseko se-petroleum).
• ILebhu yeHybrid & Electric Vehicle and Solar Classroom Village yasekwa kwiSamuel Jackman Prescod Institute of Technology ukuze kufundwe nokuboniswa.
• Ubuncinane zi-5 iinkqubo zemfundo yobugcisa kunye nenqanaba lemfundo ephakamileyo ezifumanekayo kwimimandla yoLawulo lwaMandla aVuselelekayo, uFakelo lwePV, uYilo lwePV nokuQeqesha, iMindoqo yoLondolozo lwe-EV, phakathi kwezinye.
• I-Energy Smart Fund yasekwa ukuze ibonelele ngenkxaso ye-RE/EE kumashishini afanelekileyo. INgxowa-mali iphinde yaxhaswa nge-USD 13.1 yezigidi ngo-2022 kwaye iqalise iphulo lemfundo elibanzi kusetyenziswa iwebhusayithi kunye nemicimbi yewebhu.
• Iprojekthi yaseBarbados esekwe kwi-RE yawongwa ngeMbasa ye-Energy Globe yowama-2022, yaza iBarbados yaphumelela iimbasa ezi-2 zeProjekthi eBalaseleyo yokuSebenza kweMandla kunye neProjekthi eBalaseleyo ye-E-Mobility kwiiMbasa zoShishino zeForam ye-Caribbean Renewable Energy.
