Iimbali ze-Indochina: ukuvula okanye ukungavuli

Kudala-dala e-Indochina, bekukho amazwe amabini azinze kwikamva labo: iLaos neVietnam balwa umlo owoyikekayo, kwisiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo. Bobabini bafumana uloyiso lwamaqela obuKomanisi. Bobabini babona ukuba uluntu lwabo luye lwahlengahlengiswa ziingcinga zobusoshiyali. Kwaye ekugqibeleni kwiminyaka yee-XNUMX, iLaos neVietnam zavula kancinci kuhlaziyo lwezoqoqosho kwaye ngenxa yoko kukhenketho. Nangona kunjalo, la mazwe mabini ayavela ngokwahlukileyo kweli nqanaba.

Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, iLaos iyamkele ngokupheleleyo ingcinga yokuba uphuhliso lokhenketho luya kuba luncedo kubantu baseLaotian. Ukuwela imida emitsha kwavulelwa abahambi bamanye amazwe, izikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezininzi zaba zezamazwe aphesheya, iimeko zevisa zazilula, kwaye imigaqo yayigcinwa incinci. Namhlanje, ukuwela umda usuka eThailand usiya eLaos akuthathi ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-30- ngaphandle kwendlela yokuxinana kwezithuthi. Kwi-US $ 30, abahambi bafumana i-visa yeentsuku ezili-15 ebavumela ukuba bahambe naphi na kwilizwe liphela. Abemi baseJapan, eKorea, eLuxemburg, eMongolia, eRashiya naseSwitzerland banokuza ngaphandle kwevisa. "Sijonge ukubonelela ngohambo lwe-visa ngaphandle kwamazwe afana neFrance, iJamani, okanye i-UK, eyona marike yethu ibalulekileyo phesheya kolwandle," ucacisile uSounh Manivong, umlawuli jikelele weSebe lezoCwangciso kunye neNtsebenziswano kwi-Lao National Tourism Administration. . Ngokudibeneyo, la mazwe mathathu amele iipesenti ezingama-60 zabo bonke abafikayo baseYurophu ngo-2008. Ngaphandle kokunika umhla ochanekileyo, uManivong mhlawumbi sele elamehlo akhe ngo-2012 xa iLaos izakudlala umnyhadala “kuNyaka woTyelelo” nakwi-2013 apho iyakwamkela i-ASEAN Iforum yoKhenketho.

Ukuvula iLaos kubaluleke kakhulu. Ekuphela kwelizwe elikumazantsi mpuma eAsia ngaphandle kokufikelela elwandle yindawo enyanzelekileyo yokuhamba phakathi kweThailand, iVietnam ne China. ILaos ikhawulezise uphuhliso lweziseko zophuhliso kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ngebhulorho yesibini kuMlambo iMekong kunye nokuphuculwa kweenqwelo moya zeSavannakhet neLuang Prabang. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ilizwe libhiyozele ikhonkco lokuqala loololiwe. “Ndiyavuma ukuba umzila wethu kaloliwe omtsha ungumfuziselo omkhulu, kuba uhamba iikhilomitha ezintathu kuphela emva kweBhulorho yobuhlobo kumda weLao-Thai. Kodwa ngoku sikwingxoxo ezinzulu norhulumente waseFrance ukuba sakhe iikhilomitha ezingama-20 ezizayo ukuya kwiziko ledolophu laseVientiane, ”utshilo uManivong.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wezokhenketho wenkululeko waseLaos uhlawula izabelo. Ngo-2003, iLaos yafumana kuphela abahambi bamazwe angama-637,000; ngo-2008, eli nani lenyuka laya kwizigidi eziyi-1.74. "Inokuba bekufanele ukuba sifumene ngo-2009 abanye babahambi abazizigidi eziyi-1.8, benyuka ngeepesenti ezintathu" utshilo uSounh Manivong. Ngo-3, uLawulo lweLizwe lezoKhenketho eLao luqikelela ukuba malunga nezigidi ezi-2015 zabakhenkethi baya kulukuhlwa bubuhle bendalo belizwe kunye nendlela yokuphila ecothayo.

Ngokwahlukileyo, isantya sophuhliso sixakekile eVietnam. Kwakunjalo nangokhenketho lwayo de kwaba li-2008 xa ilizwe lafumana abahambi abazizigidi ezingama-4.25 xa kuthelekiswa nezigidi ezi-2.4 ngo-2003. Kodwa ngokuchaseneyo nommelwane wayo waseLaotian, iVietnam isaziva ingakhululekanga ngokupheleleyo ngokwamkela umgaqo-nkqubo wokhenketho ovulekileyo, ngokungathi urhulumente akakwazi ukutshintsha I-ideology yama-70s yesitayile esidala ngombono osengqiqweni welizwe lethu langoku.

Owona mzekelo ucace gca wokungahambi kakuhle kukarhulumente xa kuthelekiswa nabahambi bangaphandle ungabonakala kumgaqo-nkqubo wevisa. IVietnam yiMyanmar-kuphela kwelizwe elingenako ukuhambisa i-visa-on-ukufika kuninzi lwabemi bamanye amazwe, singasathethi ke ngeevisa zasimahla. Amazwe anelungelo lokungena eVietnam ngaphandle kwe-visa ikakhulu angamalungu e-ASEAN, eJapan, eRashiya naseScandinavia. Kodwa eyona nto ikhathazayo yimpendulo yabasemagunyeni xa bebuzwa ngezizathu zokungakuniki ubuncinci i-visa-on-ukufika-abaphathiswa kunye namagosa akwizikhundla eziphezulu banegama elinye lokuphendula: UKHUSELEKO. Ukuba siyaqonda ukuba ilizwe kufuneka libeke iliso kwamanye amazwe ukukhusela abemi balo kubunqolobi okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwesoyikiso, ucacisa njani ukuba iVietnam inokuvezwa ngakumbi njengendawo ekuya kuyo kune-Australia, i-Indonesia, okanye i-UAE?

Ebuzwa malunga nalo, uNksz Nguyen Thanh Huong, usekela-mlawuli ophethe intengiso kwi-Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (VNAT), ubonakala ehlazekile kodwa ekugqibeleni uyavuma ukuba umba we-visa yingxaki yokutsala iindwendwe ezininzi. “Awunakugxeka i-VNAT ngale nto. Babazi kakhulu ubunzima balo mgaqo-nkqubo we-visa ungathandekiyo. Bayazi, umzekelo, ukuba izithintelo ze-visa zibulala ngokupheleleyo ukubhukisha iiholide zomzuzu wokugqibela ezifana nokuphumla kwesixeko. Siye samcenga amatyeli amaninzi urhulumente ukuba aphume ngendlela ebhetyebhetye, utshilo uMason Florence, umalathisi ophetheyo weMekong Tourism, iofisi ejongene nokukhuthaza amazwe amathandathu akwimida yoMlambo iMekong.

Intloko yezokhenketho kaHanoi kunye ne-VNAT zikhawuleze zatsho ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwenza isicelo sevisa ngokusebenzisa iarhente yokuhamba emva koko uyilande kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya zamanye amazwe. Kodwa isacela enye ukuya kwiintsuku ezintathu kwaye yongeza ngokubanzi enye i-40 ukuya kwi-70 yeedola kwimali esemthethweni yevisa. Iphi inzuzo ke ngoko?

Zine kuphela izikhululo zeenqwelo moya ezivulekileyo namhlanje kwiinqwelomoya-eHanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Danang, kunye nendawo ekhethekileyo yolawulo yesiQithi i-Phu Quoc. Qho ngonyaka, i-VNAT ibhengeza ukuba isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseHue, iDalat kunye neNha Trang - zonke iindawo ezinamandla amakhulu kubakhenkethi bamanye amazwe- ziya kufumana indawo yokungena kwilizwe liphela-ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaphandle kwesiphumo.

Kwaye sele ineziphumo: I-Bangkok Airways yakhutshwa eBangkok-Danang kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, njengoko isixeko sasikude kakhulu neHue, abakhenkethi abaya kuyo bafuna ukundwendwela. Isigqeba solawulo esidumileyo eSofitel Dalat - indlu entle yaseFrance-yomlawuli waseVietnam-wachaza kwakanye ukuba abakwazanga ukuthengisa iiphakheji zokuphela kweveki phesheya ngenxa yokufikeleleka. "Siphupha ngokuba neenqwelomoya eziya ngqo eBangkok," utshilo.

Ukusuka ngo-2003 ukuya ku-2008, ukufika kwabantu bamanye amazwe kukhule eVietnam ngeepesenti ezingama-75 kodwa benyuka nge-173 yeepesenti eLaos kunye neepesenti ezingama-203 eCambodia, kwaye ukwehla kokufika kwabakhenkethi kuye kwabonakala ukusukela ngo-2008. Emva kokukhula ngeepesenti ezi-0.6 kuphela ngo-2008, ukhenketho yawa kunyaka ophelileyo ngepesenti ye-11.3, owona msebenzi mbi phakathi kwamazwe e-ASEAN.

Ethetha kwi-ASEAN Travel Forum, UNkosazana Nguyen Thanh Huong uthe uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokuphakanyiswa luye lwaphindaphindeka kulo nyaka laya kwi-US $ 3 yezigidi kwaye iphulo lokwazisa liya kuqhutywa kumabonakude, nakwiindawo zentengiso ezibalulekileyo ezinje ngeFrance okanye iJapan. Ilizwe linethemba lokutsala abanye abatyeleli kwisikhumbuzo se-1,000 2010 saseHanoi ngo-Okthobha olandelayo. Kwaye okokugqibela, isiqubulo esitsha, "iVietnam, siyathandeka," kufuneka sithathe indawo "yeVietnam, umtsalane ofihliweyo," kodwa ijongeka njengokuhlinzwa kwezithambiso kunamayeza okwenyani. Ukhenketho lwaseVietnam ngelishwa lusenokufuna omnye unyaka ongacacanga ka-XNUMX ukuze mhlawumbi athabathe iingqondo zikarhulumente.