Umkhweli wenqwelo moya wonzakele ngokuwa kwempahla kwibhini ephezulu

Kwinqaku lale veki sihlola ityala Lee v. Air Canada, 2017 US Dist. I-LEXIS 3458 (SDNY 2017) apho umkhweli kwinqwelomoya yamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwe-United States neKhanada "wayehleli kwisitulo sakhe esabelwe sona xa wabethwa entloko yi-roller bag yomnye umkhweli (uMnu. waye) waphakamisa ibhegi yakhe ukuze ayibeke kumgqomo ongaphezulu (xa) 'wayegilwe' okanye 'ebethwe' emlenzeni wakhe ngumkhweli…owayedlula ngepaseji (okwenze ukuba uMnu. X aphulukane nebhalansi yakhe aze awe phantsi. ibhegi yakhe)”. Ngenxa yokuba le nqwelomoya yayiyinqwelomoya yamazwe ngamazwe amalungelo kunye nezilungiso zikaNksz. Lee zilawulwa yiNgqungquthela yaseMontreal, ongene ezihlangwini zeNgqungquthela yaseWarsaw [jonga uDickerson, uMthetho wokuHamba kwiSahluko 2A].

Ukuhlaziywa kweethagethi zohlaselo

Stockholm, Sweden

EAnderson & Sorensen, Stockholm Truck Attack Ibulala 4; Ubugrogrisi burhanelwa, nytimes.com (4/7/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “Indoda yaqhuba iloli yebhiya ebibiwe kwisihlwele sabantu kwisithili esidumileyo sokuthenga eStockholm ngolwesiHlanu emva kwemini yaza yayifaka kwivenkile yesebe, kwabulala abantu abane kwaza kwenzakalisa abali-15 kuhlaselo olwaphalala igazi noloyiko kwizitrato zelinye ikomkhulu laseYurophu. 'I-Sweden ihlaselwe', iNkulumbuso uStefan Lofven uthe kwinkomfa yeendaba kamabonakude.'Oku kubonisa ukuba sisenzo soloyiko'”.

I-St. Petersburg, eRashiya

E-Nechepurenko & MacFarquhar, Ukuqhuma e-St. , xa ibhombu iqhushumba.Isixhobo esenziwe ekhaya, esizaliswe ziimbumbulu, sakrazula imoto yesithathu, sabulala abantu abayi-11, konzakalisa abangaphezu kwama-4, kuquka nabantwana, saza sasasaza uqhushululu olwaphalala igazi njengoko uloliwe wayegxalathelana ukuya kwisikhululo seTechnology Institute enomsi ozele umsi. umoya…'Liphupha elibi elinjani' umntu wakhwaza phakathi kwezikhalo ezihlabayo”.

KwiMyuziyam yeCream Cream

KwiMyuziyam ye-Ice Cream ibhengeza ukuvulwa kwayo eLos Angeles, etn.travel (3/28/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Imyuziyam ye-Ice Cream ivula iingcango zayo kuNxweme oluseNtshona ngo-Epreli ibanga iLos Angeles enelanga njengeendawo zayo zesibini ezilindelwe kakhulu. …Imyuziyam ye-Ice Cream yatsala umdla wababukeli behlabathi ngokusungulwa kwayo ngo-2016 ngendlela engazange ibonwe kwisiXeko saseNew York, ithengisa ngeentsuku ezintlanu kwaye itsale uluhlu lokulinda lwama-200,000… khulisa indlu', igumbi elinikezelwe eCarlifonia, ihlathi elinyibilikayo lepopsicle kunye nokunye, Ichibi elinophawu lokudada lokufefa elizaliswe zizigidi ezilikhulu zokufefa”. Nandipha.

Iintsana kufuneka zihlawulwe

EParis, Iintsana zifanelwe yimbuyekezo yokulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya, inkundla ifumanise ukuba, msn.com (4/6/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Emva kokuba inqwelo moya yaseRyanair ilibazisekile ngeyure ezilithoba, inqwelo moya yavuma ukuhlawula enye indoda endala abakhweli kodwa benqaba ukuhlawula imali elinganayo kwintombi yakhe eneenyanga ezintandathu ubudala, eyayihleli ethangeni lakhe ngexesha lokubaleka. Inqwelomoya yenqwelomoya yatsho ukuba akufuneki ihlawule imbuyekezo kwiintsana ezingenabekelwe bucala kwaye ziphantsi komrhumo weentsana (E20) kuphela. Ikwatsho ukuba intombazana encinci ayinakuba nayo ingxaki kunye nokuphazamiseka ngenxa yobudala bayo. Kodwa ijaji kwiLiverpool County Court ayivumelani kwaye yagweba ukuba usana lwalungumkhweli ngeenjongo zemigaqo. URyanair usibize isigwebo 'njengesimfama' kwaye uyalela amagqwetha akhe ukuba abhenele kwangoko ”.

Hlala kude ne-Columbia, nceda

Ekufeni kwabantu abasuka kudaka lwaseColumbia kunyuka laya kuma-254, travelwirenews.com (4/2/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Amaxhoba embiwa ngengqushu ekhangela abantu ababathandayo kwaye bezama ukugcina izinto zokugqibela eziseleyo ngoMgqibelo (Epreli 1) emva kodaka izilayidi kwisixeko saseColombia iMocoa, iSebe lasePutumayo, sabulala abantu abangama-254 senzakalisa amanye angamakhulu ”.

E-Casey, 'Imizimba iyabola' Emva kwe-Mudslide e-Columbia, nytimes.com (4/3/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "Imizimba yayiqokelelene ngentseni yangoMvulo eMocoa, isixeko saseColombia apho udaka kunye nobutyobo benziwe khona Akunakwenzeka kwiindawo ukubona ukuba kukho umntu owakhe wahlala apho. Abahlanguli baqhubekile bekroba inkunkuma yabafi. Kwaye amalungu osapho… bacenga imizimba yabathandekayo babo ukuze babangcwabe kakuhle ”.

Isikolo saseTshayina soKhenketho

Kwisivumelwano sase-Itali esayina imiqondiso nesikolo samaTshayina kwezokhenketho, i-travelwirenews.Com (3/29/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “i-China Tourism Academy ityikitye isivumelwano kunye nesixeko sase-Italiya i-Bologna eBeijing ngolwe-Lwesithathu ukwenza uphando ngemikhwa yabakhenkethi base China. kunye noMatteo Lepore, usekela-dolophu waseBologna, uthe isixeko, nembali yaso ende, inkcubeko etyebileyo kunye nokutya okumnandi, yindawo efanelekileyo kubakhenkethi baseTshayina. Ikwanayo neyunivesithi endala eYurophu, ngoku enabafundi abamalunga ne-1,000 XNUMX abavela e-China ”.

Ukulibaziseka kweSitishi sikaloliwe sasePenn

KwiFitzsimmons, kwiSikhululo sasePenn, iRail Mishap Spurs Enkulu kunye neNhloko eGqibelekayo, nytimes.com (4/4/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Yayiyingxaki encinci-iimoto ezininzi kuloliwe ohamba kancinci eNew Jersey Transit watsiba imikhondo. ngoMvulo kusasa kwisikhululo sasePennsylvania eNew York. Kodwa kusuku olulandelayo, iye yangena kwingxaki yezothutho, inyuka isihla kuNxweme oluseMpuma, iphakamisa ubomi bamakhulu amawaka abantu kwaye ibonisa ngokucacileyo imeko eethe-ethe yeziseko zophuhliso kweyona paseji ixakekileyo yesizwe”.

Iindlovu ziphumle kancinci

E-Gettleman, iindlovu zifumana iReprieve njengeXabiso le-Ivory Falls, nytimes.com (3/29/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Ekugqibeleni, uneendaba ezithile zeendlovu. Ixabiso leempondo zendlovu eTshayina, eyona marike inkulu yehlabathi yamabamba endlovu, lehle kakhulu, nto leyo esenokuchaza ukuthomalalisa ukubulawa kwabantu ngokungekho mthethweni kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo. Ngokutsho kwengxelo ekhutshwe ngoLwesithathu ngabakwaSave the Elephants, iqela elihlonelwayo lezilwanyana zasendle eKenya, ixabiso lendlovu lingaphantsi kwesiqingatha sento elaliyiyo kwiminyaka emithathu edluleyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba imfuno yezilwanyana zasendle iyehla. Amaxesha anzima kwezoqoqosho, iphulo elizinzileyo lokuthethelela kunye nokuzinikela okubonakalayo kweTshayina ekuvaleni urhwebo lwasekhaya lwamabamba endlovu kulo nyaka kube ngunobangela wolu tshintsho, iingcali zeendlovu zatsho”.

Iimoto zika-Uber zokuziqhuba zimile

Ku-Isaac, u-Uber unqumamisa uvavanyo lwezithuthi zokuziqhuba emva kweArizona Crash, nytimes.com (3/25/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "Uber utshilo ngoMgqibelo ukuba uyarhoxisa ukuvavanywa kwezithuthi zakhe, kusuku olulandelayo enye yezithuthi ibichaphazeleka kwingozi eTempe, eAriz.Imoto ka-Uber, ebinomntu esihlalweni somqhubi kodwa ekwindlela yokuziqhuba, ibingenatyala kwingozi leyo, ngokwe ... isithethi seSebe lamaPolisa eTempe . Isithuthi semoto sika-Uber Volvo XC90 sabethwa xa umqhubi wenye imoto engaphumelelanga ... Ukudibana kwengozi kwabangela ukuba isithuthi sika-Uber siqengqele ecaleni kwaso ”.

Ngubani owabayo iTekhnoloji yeWaymo?

Kwi-Wakabayashi kunye no-Isaac, u-Uber Uyala Uyayisebenzisa iTeknoloji yeWaymo ebiwe, nytimes.com (4/7/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba "u-Uber uwalile amabango avela kuWaymo, inkampani yemoto eziqhubayo ephuma kwinkampani yabazali bakaGoogle kunyaka ophelileyo, Kusebenzisa iteknoloji yeemoto engaqhubi mqhubi eyebiwe ngowayesakuba ngumsebenzi kuGoogle. Kwinkundla yomdibaniso efayilisha ngolwesiHlanu, u-Uber uthe uqalile ukuyila icandelo eliphambili lesithuthi sakhe esizimeleyo ngaphambi kokuqesha u-Anthony Levandokski, intloko ye-Uber yeemoto ezizisebenzelayo ezisuka kuGoogle zisembindini wetyala lobunini phakathi kweenkampani ezimbini. .

Sala kakuhle eDenmark

EFarvel, u-Uber uphuma eDenmark, https://qz.com (3/28/2017) kwaphawulwa ukuba “Ngamanye amaxesha i-Uber inokuba sisilahleko esibuhlungu. Inkampani yokukhwela inqwelo-moya ngoLwesibini (ngoMatshi 28) yathi iyakuyeka ukubonelela ngenkonzo eDenmark ukususela ngo-Aril 18, ikhankanya utshintsho 'olungenakusebenza' kwimithetho yeteksi yendawo. Olo tshintsho, lucwangciselwe ukuba luchaphazele unyaka ozayo, iilayisensi ezintsha zokuqhuba iteksi zifikelela kwi-125 ngekota. Bakwafuna ukuba zonke iimoto zibe nemitha yokukhwela, kwaye zithintele iintlobo zeemoto ezinokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezifana neteksi…inkampani inabaqhubi abangama-2,000 baseDanish kunye nabakhweli abangama-300,000 baseDanish…Kumazwe ambalwa aseYurophu-iSweden, iFrance neJamani- I-Uber ibikhe yamisa inkonzo ye-UberPop, ethelekiseka ne-UberX yase-US Yaphuma eTaiwan ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka emva kokurhwaphiliza malunga ne-10 lezigidi zeedola… hlawula i-UK's 20% yerhafu yexabiso elongezelelweyo kulo lonke uhambo. ESpain, i-Uber ibangele uqhanqalazo olushushu”.

Imfazwe yePizza yaseBrooklyn

E-Kilgannon, Kwi-Kosher Pizza War yase-Brooklyn, i-Modern Tastes Battle Ancient Law, nytimes.com (3/28/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba “Kwisixeko esine-pizza ephithizela njenge-New York, iimfazwe ze-pizza ziyaqhuma rhoqo, ukusuka kwidola amalunga esiqwenga sabathengi eManhattan esiya kwimbambano ene-Mafia malunga nerisiti ebiweyo yesosi phakathi kwevenkile ye-pizza eBrooklyn nenye e-Staten Island. Kodwa mhlawumbi akukho nto ithelekiswa nemfazwe ye-pizza ye-kosher, i-foodie-ism yenkulungwane yama-21 ngokuchasene nehlabathi le-19 lenkulungwane ye-Hasidic engummelwane. Abanini bevenkile zokutyela ipitsa, bobabini abangamaOthodoki, babambeke kwityala eliseBrooklyn kuphela, hayi kwindlu yenkundla ka-Agasti, kodwa kwiholo yezobulungisa engaziwayo eyaziwa njengeNkundla yeRabbinical yaseBorough Park, emamela amatyala kwigumbi elilula ngaphezulu kwendlu yesikhungu kwindawo yokuhlala. Embindini wedabi ayingawo amaxabiso okanye iiresiphi zokupheka, kodwa ukutolika okufihlakeleyo komthetho ongcwele kubekwe kumandulo wama-Aramaic kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Omabini la macala enze imithetho eyalelwa yiTorah kunye neTalmud, ngokunjalo nencwadi yokupheka yokutolika imithetho yekosher kunye nemigangatho yokuqinisekiswa ”.

Ifowuni yaseIndiya iRomaos

E-Barry, i-'Phone Romeos' yase-Indiya Khangela uNksz. Right via Wrong Numbers, nytimes.com (3/22/2017) kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba “Kwiziko lokufowuna elisecaleni kweglasi, ooconstables bamapolisa bacofa iikeyboards zekhompyutha, endleleni. ingakumbi Indian uhlobo lobugebenga. 'Umnxeba uRomeo' njengoko aziwa njalo apha, ufowunela amanani naphi na ade eve ilizwi lomfazi, ngethemba lokuthandana naye. Phakathi kwabo kukho abakhweli abatyebileyo ('Ngaba ndingayitshaja kwakhona ifowuni yakho?'), abaceli abangcangcazelayo ('ndithetha nawe, madam, kodwa umzimba wam uyangcangcazela') kunye nabaphefumla nzima ngamaxesha athile ('Ndifuna ukwenza izinto ezingekho mthethweni wena'). Ukucofa iinombolo ezingezizo ngabom yindlela enzima yokufumana intombi. Kodwa iya ixhaphaka ngakumbi kuluhlu lwamazwe-i-Morocco, iPapua New Guinea, i-Bangladesh kunye ne-Indiya yimizekelo-apho ucalucalulo lwesini luye lwangqubana ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-teknoloji entsha engabizi kakhulu. I-Indiya inebhongo ngenguqu yayo yeefowuni eziphathwayo. Iintlawulo zomnxeba ziphakathi kwezona ziphantsi ehlabathini, kwaye ukhuphiswano luthumele ixabiso lokuhla kwebroadband. Baqikelelwa ukuba zizigidi ezingama-680 abantu baseIndiya abasebenzisa iiselfowuni, kwaye izigidi ezithathu ezitsha zingena kwi-Intanethi rhoqo ngenyanga”.

Nzulu kwiAmazon

E-Romero, nzulu eAmazon uLwandle oluMangalisayo (kunye nokutya okutyayo) Amava, nytimes.com (3/20/2017) kwaqatshelwa ukuba Alter Do Chao, Brazil-Nangona ikude kude nolwandle kude kwikona yehlathi laseAmazon, Alter do Chao kufuneka ibekwe phakathi kweedolophu zaselwandle ezinomtsalane. Iilwandle ezinesanti emhlophe ecaleni koMlambo iTapajos zitsala iindwendwe ezisuka kude eCuiaba, isixeko esinqatyisiweyo esingangeemayile ezili-1,000 4,600 ukuya emazantsi. Amanzi acacileyo, afudumeleyo atsalela abantu abasebenza emanzini kunye neengcali zokubhabha ngenqanawa. Ngelixa kuhambo lokuxela kulo nyaka kwiAmazon Basin, ndibalekele eAlter do Chao kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuva amabali ngobuhle bayo oburhabaxa. Kwilizwe elinonxweme olungaphezulu kweemayile ezingama-55, ndandizibuza ukuba ingaba olona lwandle lubalaseleyo lwaseBrazil lwalunokuhlala nzulu na embindini wehlathi elinemvula elikhulu ehlabathini. 'Ukuba ufuna ukufumana uguquko lwenene, kuyakufuneka uyitye imbovane', uPito, XNUMX, umNdiya waseCumaruara okhokela iindwendwe kuhambo oludlula ehlathini wandichazela. Ukhuphe imbovane ye-sauva kumgangatho wehlathi kwaye wandoyikisa ukuba ndiyitye. Zidlakadlaka njenge popcorn, ibimnandi, inamacebo elemongrass ”.

Inqaku loMthetho wokuHamba: Ityala lika-Lee

Njengoko kuphawuliwe yiNkundla “Ummangali uLisa Lee uye wamangalela ummangalelwa iAir Canada, efuna umonakalo ngokwenzakala ekuthiwa ufumene ebhodini inqwelomoya esebenza ngummangalelwa. U-Lee utyhola ukuba wonzakala xa isiqwenga somthwalo omnye umgibeli wayezama ukusibeka kwigumbi elingaphezulu kwesihlalo sommangali kwaye wambetha entloko. Ibango lilawulwa yiNgqungquthela yaseMontreal, egunyazisa abakhweli ukuba bafumane kwakhona umonakalo owenzakeleyo kwiinqwelomoya. Ummangalelwa (ufuna isishwankathelo sokugxotha isikhalazo) ngezizathu zokuba isiganeko esabangela ukuba u-Lee enzakaliswe yayingeyiyo 'ingozi' ngokwemiqathango yeNgqungquthela ye-Montreal… (kwaye ifuna ngakumbi ukunciphisa) uxanduva lwayo ngokwe-Article 21 ye-Montreal Ingqungquthela (ukuya) kwi-113,100 yee-SDR (malunga ne- $ 150,000) ”.

Inkqubo yeBhodi

“Ngelixa lesiganeko, abagadi beenqwelomoya e-Air Canada 'babemi kuyo yonke le khabhathi' kwaye 'babesenza imisebenzi yabo abayinikiweyo kubandakanya' ukubulisa abakhweli, ukuqondisa abakhweli kwiindawo zabo abazabelweyo nokubeka iliso ngokubanzi kwikhabhathi ukhuseleko '. Akukho bungqina bokuba abasebenzi beenqwelomoya benza nasiphi na isibhengezo okanye isilumkiso malunga nokuhamba kwabantu ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhwela. Omnye wabasebenzi beenqwelo moya eAir Canada… wabona (uX. X's) ibhegi iwa kodwa 'khange ikwazi ukuthintela ingxowa ukuba ingagadli [kuLee] njengoko wayenemigca emihlanu ukuya kwesibhozo kwaye' babekhona nabanye abakhweli ''.

Imigaqo ehambelana nayo

“Amaqela awaphikisi ukuba ibhegi (kaMnu. X) ibithobela ngokupheleleyo imigaqo-nkqubo yempahla yeAir Canada; nokuba akukho migaqo yomanyano engeyiyo imigaqo-nkqubo yeAir Canada eyayifuna ukuba ilungu lekhaphethi lincedise (Mnu. X) ukuba ibeke ibhegi yakhe kwisitya esingaphezulu… nokuba inani kunye nokubekwa kwabagadi beenqwelomoya kwinqwelomoya kwakuhambelana nemigaqo yomanyano kunye nemigangatho yemizi mveliso ".

Ingqungquthela yaseMontreal

INgqungquthela yaseMontreal yathatha indawo yeNgqungquthela yaseWarsaw ekwaxoxwa ngayo “yaza yaphunyezwa kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yamashumi amabini (kunye) 'nenjongo yayo enkulu' 'yayikukuphumeza[e] ukufana kwemithetho elawula amabango avela kuthutho lomoya lwamazwe ngamazwe'... Ingqungquthela yaseWarsaw yayilwa ngelixa ishishini leenqwelomoya lalisanda kuqalwa, lazama 'ukunciphisa uxanduva lwabathwali bomoya ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula' kolo shishino…Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, amaqela karhulumente kwiNgqungquthela yaseWarsaw athethathethana. isivumelwano-iNgqungquthela yaseMontreal-ukuthatha indawo yeNgqungquthela yaseWarsaw kunye 'nendawo enxulunyaniswa nayo 'yezilungiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezivumelwano zokusebenzisana'…Ngokungafaniyo neyandulelayo, le mpatho intsha ngokucacileyo 'ithanda abakhweli kuneenqwelo-moya'.Yayiphelisa inkqubo yeWarsaw ' iminqwazi engenamkhethe' kuxanduva lomthuthi womoya kwaye abathwali 'banoxanduva olungqongqo lwe-100,000 lokuqala (Amalungelo awodwa okuzoba ('SDRs)] omonakalo ongqiniweyo kumkhweli ngamnye".

Inqaku le-17: Ingozi

"Ngaphandle komehluko phakathi kweenjongo zabo eziphambili, iNgqungquthela yaseMontreal igcine inani lezinto ebezikho kwiNgqungquthela yaseWarsaw (kubandakanya ne-Article 17 ethi) Umntu ophetheyo unoxanduva lomonakalo owenzekileyo xa kusweleke okanye enzakalise umntu imeko kuphela yokuba ingozi ebangele ukusweleka okanye yokwenzakala ihambe ngesantya kwinqwelo-moya okanye nakuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi yokuqalisa okanye ukwehla kwinqwelo-moya ”.

Ukuchaza “Ingozi”

“Nangona iSivumelwano saseMontreal kunye neNgqungquthela yaseWarsaw ivumela umkhweli owenzakeleyo ukuba abuyise umonakalo owenziwe kwinqwelo-moya yomoya kuphela xa kukho 'ingozi', akukho sivumelwano sichaza igama. INkundla ePhakamileyo yase-United States yazalisa esi sikhewu kwityala lika-1985, i-Air France v. Saks, 470 US 392, 405 (1985) ngokuchaza ngokucacileyo nangemxhelo ukuba 'ingozi' ivela 'kuphela ukuba ukwenzakala komkhweli kubangelwe yinto engalindelekanga okanye isiganeko esingaqhelekanga okanye into eyenzekayo engaphandle kumkhweli'. Inkundla ye-Saks iyalele iinkundla ezisezantsi ukuba zisebenzise inkcazelo yazo zombini 'ngokuguquguqukayo' kunye 'nobubanzi'…Nangona kunjalo, inkcazo ebanzi eyenziwe yiNkundla ePhakamileyo ayithethi ukuba wonke ukwenzakala okwenzeka kwinqwelomoya kusisiphumo 'sengozi. '”.

Eli Tyala lihlalutyiwe

“Iinkundla ziye zafumanisa ukuba izinto eziwa kumagumbi angaphezulu ‘zingalindelekanga kwaye aziqhelekanga’ kwaye ‘zingaphandle’ kubakhweli abanelishwa ekufikelwa kubo ezi zinto (ucaphula uMaxwell v, Aer Lingus Ltd., 122 F. Supp. 2d 210 D. Mass. 2000); Smith v. American Airlines, Inc., 2009 US Dist. LEXIS 94013 (ND Cal.2009 ('Ibhotile eyayiwa phezulu yayingalindelwanga kwaye yayingaqhelekanga', yayisisiganeko 'esingaphandle. ' kumzimba wommangali kwaye oko kubangele umonakalo emzimbeni wommangali. Ngaloo ndlela iimfuno ze-Saks...zanelisiwe')…Ngenxa yokuba ibhegi yomnye umkhweli ewela phezu kwentloko yomkhweli ongarhanelwanga yayisisiganeko esingalindelekanga okanye esingaqhelekanga esasingaphandle kuye—le Nkundla ifumanisa ukuba iimeko kule meko kukwenza 'ingozi' ngokungqinelana neNqaku le-17 leNgqungquthela yaseMontreal”.

Umonakalo oMiselweyo

Ngokungqinelana neNqaku lama-21 leNgqungquthela yaseMontreal, inqwelo-moya ayinaxanduva lomonakalo ongaphezu kwe-100,000 SDRs ukuba umthwali ungqina ukuba 'loo monakalo awubanga ngenxa yokungakhathali okanye esinye isenzo esingalunganga okanye ukushiywa komthuthi okanye izicaka okanye iiarhente zakhe'... Namhlanje i-cap 'kuxanduva olungqongqo' lwenkampani yenqwelomoya eneneni yi-113,100 SDRs…ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso…Ekuthatheni ingqalelo ubungqina…iNkundla ifumanise ukuba i-Air Canada ibonise ukuba njengomba womthetho isebenzise ityala elifanelekileyo (kwaye) ifumanise ukuba ibingenjalo. ngokungakhathali njengomcimbi o (kwaye kungoko) uxanduva lwayo lulinganiselwe kwi-113,100 SDRs yomonakalo obonakalayo”.

Umbhali, uThomas A. Dickerson, liLungu leZibheno elidla umhlala-phantsi kwiCandelo leZibheno, kwiSebe lesiBini leNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseNew York kwaye ebhala malunga noMthetho wokuHamba kangangeminyaka engama-41 kubandakanya neencwadi zakhe zomthetho ezihlaziyiweyo minyaka le, uMthetho woKhenketho, iLaw Journal Journal. (2016), Litigating International Torts in US Courts, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2016), Class Actions: The Law of 50 States, Law Journal Press (2016) nangaphezulu kwamanqaku angama-400 asemthethweni uninzi lwawo afumaneka nycourts.gov/courts/ 9jd / taxcertatd.shtml. Ukufumana iindaba ezongezelelekileyo zomthetho wokuhamba kunye nophuhliso, ngakumbi, kumazwe angamalungu e-EU jonga IFTTA.org

Eli nqaku alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume kaThomas A. Dickerson.

Funda ezininzi ze Amanqaku kaJustice Dickerson apha.