Ngeziphithiphithi zezoqoqosho ezitshabalalisa iimarike zehlabathi, ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko okanye kwezoqoqosho naphi na kuza nezithintelo eziphezulu. Olona ngquzulwano lwaseRashiya lwakutsha nje kunye ne-Ukraine kunye nokucinezelwa kunyaka ophelileyo kwiphondo laseCaucasus eGeorgia ngokungathandabuzekiyo libe neziphumo ezibi. Indlela engaphambili yelizwe lase-Asiya eliphakathi eKazakhstan, elimiswe kakubi phakathi kwabamelwane balo abanamandla baseRussia nabamaTshayina, isenokungacaci ngokulinganayo kwaye izaliswe zizinto ezingaziwayo ezinokuba yingozi.
Ngelixa kule minyaka yakutshanje eli lizwe lityebileyo ngeoyile nobutyebi liye lazonwabela ngokuzolileyo iziqhamo zebhonanza yamaxabiso e-oli aphakamileyo ehlabathi, iimeko zoqoqosho zakutshanje zehlabathi zishiye inkungu nelanga.
"Kungekudala iKazakhstan iza kujongana neengxaki ezininzi ezinzulu, kunye neengxaki ezinobunzima obuqala ngokucotha kunye nokuyeka ukukhula koqoqosho," walumkisa uMurat T. Laumulin, umphandi oyintloko kwiziko leKazakhstan leSifundo seSicwangciso, itanki yokucinga phantsi. i-ofisi kamongameli welizwe.
ULaumulin ude abethelele ukungazinzi, ubuncinci, kubamelwane belizwe lakhe abanempembelelo. “Le yiniyo-impiriyali entsha yaseRashiya; yinyani.”
Imfundiso entsha kaPutin
U-Laumulin uchaza imfundiso kaPutin entsha njengeqhinga elihamba kancinci lokudibanisa amazwe ayesakuba yiSoviet Union - hayi ngeendlela zezopolitiko okanye ezikhohlakeleyo njengakwixesha elidlulileyo - kodwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zoqoqosho njengomlinganiselo wamandla.
Ulwalamano lweKazakhstan neRashiya lolunye lweendawo zokuhlala; isiqwenga esibalulekileyo sepuzzle ngumnqweno wommelwane wempembelelo kwisithuba se-post-Soviet. Ngelixa iRashiya inokunyamezela ukusebenzelana kwezoshishino kunye nentshona, i-Holy Grail luququzelelo oluqhubekayo lwentsebenziswano yasemkhosini kunye neRashiya. Kwaye oku, uLaumulin uthi, iKazakhstan iyayiqonda kwaye ikwamkele.
Into esemngciphekweni weKazakhstan kukuthandana nentshona okwaqala ngexesha likaGorbachev iPerestroika. Ibaleka ilifa layo laseSoviet ngeminyaka yoo-1990, iKazakhstan yayivulekele ishishini. Isigebenga se-oyile sase-US i-Chevron yamenywa ukuba isebenzise uvimba we-oyile omkhulu we-Caspian basin, ngeli xesha, amaxabiso e-oyile asezantsi awazange enze ukuba ukucofa koovimba kube nomtsalane kakhulu - kude kube mva nje, konke oku kutshintshile.
Kodwa iKazakhstan isabambelele ngokuqinileyo phantsi kwempembelelo yaseRashiya, kwiminyaka yamuva nje, iguqule izihlunu zayo zezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko - kunye neoli kunye negesi njengesixhobo sayo esiphambili. Kumhlaba wayo, ibangele ukurhoxiswa kweenkampani zangaphandle kwishishini leoli negesi kunye noosomashishini abavalelweyo abaphambukile kulawulo lwe-Kremlin. Ngale nto, ngubani owaziyo ukuba iRussia iya kunyamezela ixesha elingakanani ubungangamsha beKazakh bokuvumela iinkampani zasentshona ukuba zingene koovimba bazo abakhulu?
ULaumulin, owayesakuba ngunozakuzaku okwinqanaba eliphezulu walumkisa wathi: “Umongameli okhoyo ngumqinisekisi wobukho bezi zivumelwano ekuvunyelwene ngazo emva nje kokuwa kweSoviet Union. "Ngeenyani zorhwaphilizo, andinakuqinisekisa ukuba emva kokunyamalala kwakhe, abanye abantu abaphezulu bangazama ukuhlaziya ezi zivumelwano, kubandakanya iChevron."
Ingxaki yezopolitiko
Oku kusizisa kwingxaki yesibini enokwenzeka yeKazakhstan - yezopolitiko. Eli lizwe lisenokuba likwinqanaba lezopolitiko eliqhwaywa ngamandla kukruthakruthwano lwezikhundla phakathi kwabaphezulu kwezopolitiko njengoko lijonge umntu oza kungena ezihlangwini zendoda enamandla uMongameli Nursultan Nazarbayev, nothe walawula eli lizwe ukusukela ngo-1989.
"IRashiya ifumene indlela yokutshintsha amandla ukusuka eYeltsin ukuya kuPutin, uPutin ukuya eMedvedev. Asinayo imodeli enjalo, ngelishwa,” wakhalaza watsho u-Laumulin, obona umzabalazo wamagunya osele uqhubeka ngokusekwe ngokwezizalwana, ummandla, ubuhlanga kunye nezopolitiko.
Ukubheja kungaphandle apho amakhadi aya kuwela kwi-geopolitical sphere. Ngelixa ikwinqanaba lezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho elinomdla waseRussia, iKazakhstan nangona kunjalo idlala isenzo esintsonkothileyo sokulinganisa phakathi komnye ummelwane wayo onamandla wengingqi, iTshayina ekhulayo nenamandla.
Yintoni iKazakhstan enokuthi yoyike nangaphezu kolawulo lwaseRussia - inyani ekudala iphila phantsi kwayo - lulawulo lwaseSino-Russian oluqulethwe kwikamva elingaqinisekanga loMbutho weNtsebenziswano waseShanghai.
"Iingcali ezininzi zithatha lo mbutho njenge-condominium yaseSino-Russian kumbindi we-Asiya," utshilo uLaumulin. "Siyayamkela impembelelo yesiNtu yaseRussia kunye nobudlelwane bethu bezembali kunye nezopolitiko kunye neMoscow, kodwa asenzi - kwaye asinakho - ukwamkela ulawulo lwaseTshayina-Russia."
Ekugqibeleni, kukuthotywa kwesi sizwe sikhulu sabemi abazizigidi ezili-15 kuphela ekuvukeni ngentsasa enye kwaye balawulwa ngokwezoqoqosho yimidla yaseRashiya okanye yaseTshayina.
Ikamva elingaqinisekanga
Ngaphandle kokuba lelona lizwe lizizityebi kwaye lizinzile kumbindi we-Asiya, iintanda kuphuhliso lwelizwe sele ziqalile ukuvakala ngexesha lengxaki ye-US sub-prime mortgage, eyatyhola iiprojekthi zophuhliso lwezindlu nezindlu kwikomkhulu lelizwe elineminyaka elishumi ubudala, i-Astana.
Ikomkhulu lomboniso lijongeka njengelitye elinqabileyo elinemibala emininzi lale mihla kunye nezakhiwo ezitsha kunye neekhreyini zokwakha ezinyukayo - iikhreyini eziye zathi cwaka ngakumbi njengoko ilizwe lichaphazeleka ziingxaki zoqoqosho zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngelixa kukho isivumelwano esiqinileyo phakathi kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kuphuhliso lwemigangatho yentshona ngokwemiqathango yezoqoqosho, umceli mngeni usekugcineni isakhelo sezopolitiko kwezi nguqu njengoko sitshintshela kwilizwe elinyanisekileyo ledemokhrasi. Okwangoku, uLaumulin ukhalela ukuba isizwe sakhe sihlala sikwingxaki.
“Kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, ndandiphupha ngokubuyiselwa kweSoviet Union ngeenqununu zedemokhrasi nezesiqhelo. Emva koko ndandiphupha malunga nobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye neYurophu kunye ne-Eurasia - indawo ye-post-Soviet njengombutho omnye we-geopolitical and geo-economic. Ngoku andinazo iimpendulo. Andikuboni ukukhanya ekupheleni kwetonela.”
Umqhubi wenqanawa wenkcubeko oseMontreal uAndrew Princz ungumhleli weportal yohambo ontheglobe.com. Ngomhla we-4 ka-Agasti, i-2009, uya kubonisa i-Real Kazakhstan e-Montreal kwi-CinemaSpace kwi-Segal Centre ye-Performing Arts. Ngokuhlwa kuya kuba luhambo lomfanekiso kunye nesandi kwisizwe sase-Asia Ephakathi. Ngamatikiti, nceda ufowunele i-ofisi yebhokisi ku-514-739-7944 okanye uye ku-www.segalcentre.org/en/cinemaspace.
