Isibhakabhaka asikhanyisanga kangako kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya base China

I-SHANGHAI-Ukuba abahambi baseMelika bacinga ukuba banento embi kule mihla, qwalasela okwenzekayo kubakhweli kwiinqwelomoya ze-18 zase-China zaseMpuma kutshanje.

Iinqwelomoya zisuke kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iKunming kumazantsi eTshayina. Abanye bajikela esibhakabhakeni. Abanye bafika apho babesiya khona; kodwa ngaphandle kokubakhulula abakhweli, iijethi zabhabha zibuyela eKunming. Imozulu ibingengomcimbi, kwaye ibingeyongxaki yoomatshini, batsho abaphandi. Endaweni yoko, yayisisenzo esidibeneyo sokudelela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abangonwabanga ngomvuzo wabo, iishedyuli ezinzima nokungaphumli kunye nezivumelwano zobomi bonke abanokuzaphula kuphela ngokuhlawula intywenka yemali.

Ulawulo lwezoPhapho lwaseTshayina luhlawulise umthuthi malunga needola ezingama-215,000 kwaye lohlutha ezinye iindlela zasekhaya. Kodwa i-arhente ayizange ilungise ingxaki esisiseko: ishishini leenqwelomoya elitsala nzima ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yokuhamba kunye nokunqongophala kwabaqhubi kunye nemithetho kunye nolawulo oluphelelwe lixesha.

Ikhuthazwa kukukhula koqoqosho lwesizwe kunye nobutyebi obukhulayo, iinqwelomoya zaseTshayina zibhabhe abakhweli abazizigidi ezili-185 kulo nyaka uphelileyo, benyuka ngama-34% kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo. Oko malunga nesinye kwisine se-US yetrafikhi yabakhweli. Abathwali baseTshayina bathenga amakhulu eenqwelomoya ezintsha kodwa basebenza nzima ukufumana abantu abaza kuzibhabhayisa.

“Imeko ekhoyo ngoku kukuba, kufuneka bonke abaqhubi babhabhe ukuze bahlangabezane nemfuno,” utshilo uTian Baohua, umongameli weBeijing-based Civil Aviation Management Institute yaseTshayina.

Isiphithiphithi asikwazanga ukufika ngexesha elibi kakhulu. NgeeOlimpiki zasehlotyeni eBeijing sele zisondele kwaye iindwendwe ezizigidi ezi-2 zilindelwe kwiMidlalo, imfuno yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya inokuthi ikhawuleze. I-China yakhe irekhodi elihloniphekileyo lokhuseleko kwiminyaka yamva nje, kodwa iziganeko zamva nje zishiye iindiza zixhalabile.

“Ukuthatha inqwelomoya kubonakala kundoyikisa kancinci,” utshilo uXi Ping, usekela mongameli wenkampani yombane eShanghai obhabha kaninzi ngenyanga. “Ndisoloko ndinenkxalabo yokhuseleko kuhambo lwenqwelo-moya, yaye kwezi ntsuku ndide ndibe nexhala lokuba abaqhubi bakwimo entle kusini na. . . . Ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelomoya babuye ngenqwelomoya okokugqibela [eKunming], ndiyazibuza kwixesha elizayo ukuba baya kwenza into embi ngakumbi kusini na.”

Umthetheli oqhelekileyo wenqwelomoya ephantsi kukarhulumente efana neChina Eastern wenza malunga ne-45,000 yeedola ngonyaka, kunye nabaqhubi abancedisana nesiqingatha. Ngokwemigangatho eqhelekileyo yaseTshayina, yimali entle leyo. Kodwa iinqwelomoya ezithelekisekayo kwiinqwelomoya zaseTshayina zabucala zinokufumana ubuncinci ngama-50% ngaphezulu.

Ngaphezu komvuzo, abaninzi abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bathi eyona nkomo yabo inkulu lucwangciso lomsebenzi owohlwayayo.

Ngaphantsi kwemithetho yaseTshayina, iinqwelomoya kufuneka zinike abaqhubi iintsuku ezimbini ezilandelelanayo zokuphumla ngeveki. Kodwa abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bathi abaphathi basebenza rhoqo iintsuku ezintandathu ngeveki kwaye babanqabele elinye ixesha lokuphumla, okukhokelela ekudinweni nasekuphakamiseni iinkxalabo zokhuseleko.

“Kwixesha leenyanga ezisixhenxe, andizange ndifumane neyure enye i-48 yokuphumla,” watsho ukapteni oneminyaka engama-35 ubudala waseTshayina waseMpuma ogama linguWu. Igqala leminyaka eli-13, elisebenza kumantla eTshayina, alizukuchaza igama lakhe elipheleleyo, lisithi linexhala lokuziphindezela kwinkampani.

Nangona engayikhuthazi into eyenziwa ngoogxa bakhe eKunming nge-31 kaMatshi nange-1 ka-Epreli, uWu uthi uyaziqonda iimvakalelo zabo. Wathi: “Umqolo nesinqe sam sihlala sibuhlungu kule mihla. Kutshanje uye wafaka isicelo sokurhoxa ngenxa yokudimazeka ngenxa yocwangciso lwakhe olunzima.

I-China Mpuma, enye yabathwali abakhulu belizwe, kunye ne-Air China kunye ne-China Southern, yalile ukuphawula.

Ezinye iinkampani zeenqwelo moya zikwimeko efanayo. NgoMatshi, abaphathi beenqwelomoya abangama-40 beShanghai bacela ikhefu lokugula ngaxeshanye. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, abaphathi beenqwelomoya abali-11 be-East Star Airlines benza okufanayo.

Lilonke, bamalunga nama-200 abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, kuquka abamalunga nama-70 eTshayina Eastern, baye bathabatha amanyathelo okuphelisa izivumelwano zabasebenzi nabaqeshi babo. Eli liqhezu labaqhubi beenqwelomoya abangaphezu kwe-10,000 eTshayina, kodwa abanye abaninzi banokucinga ngokuyeka okanye batshintshe abathwali, ukuba banokufikelela.

Uninzi lwabo lutyikitye iikhontrakthi zobomi babo bonke kunye neenqwelomoya, eziye zabeka umthetho oyilwayo wesikolo esilingwayo kunye noqeqesho. Oko kunokuqhuba i-100,000 yeedola umntu.

Ukuthandabuza ukuyeka utyalo-mali lwabo, iinqwelomoya zifuna ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya bahlawule kangangesigidi esinye seedola ukuba bahambe, utshilo uZhang Qihuai, igqwetha laseBeijing Lanpeng Law Firm, elimele abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abangama-1 abafuna ukulamla okanye bafake iisuti ngokuchasene neenqwelomoya ezisibhozo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bambalwa abafumene isiqabu kwiinkundla okanye kwiziphathamandla zezophapho.

Abahlalutyi bagxeka iinkampani zeenqwelomoya kunye norhulumente ngokuvumela izinto ziphume esandleni.

“Yonke into eyayicingwa ziinqwelo-moya yayikukunyusa iinqwelomoya. Iinkampani ezithengisa iinqwelo-moya aziboneleli ngabaqhubi bazo,” utshilo u-Tian weziko lolawulo lwezophapho norhulumente. "Urhulumente kufuneka anciphise inani leenqwelomoya ezintsha."

UZhang uthe kwakungekho ngqiqweni ukukhawulela ukuhamba kwabaqhubi beenqwelo moya kuqoqosho lwemarike. Iinqwelomoya ezininzi, uthi, zisebenza ngokungathi i-China iseluqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo, apho abasebenzi bekulindeleke ukuba bahlale neshishini ubomi babo bonke.

I-Shanghai-based yase-China Eastern yinqwelomoya yelizwe yesithathu ngobukhulu enabakhweli abazizigidi ezingama-39 kulo nyaka uphelileyo (malunga nobukhulu be-US Airways), kwaye iyona kuphela enenkonzo ethe ngqo ukusuka eLos Angeles ukuya eShanghai. Umthwali wamatyala uye wagxekwa ngenxa yolawulo olulambathayo kunye nobudlelwane babasebenzi.

Emva kokuthotywa kwabaqhubi beenqwelomoya eKunming, eChina eMpuma ekuqaleni yanyanzelisa ukuba iinqwelomoya ezibuyayo zinento yokwenza nemozulu. Esi sehlo siphinde satshabalalisa isidima senkampani kwaye sonakalisa inani labakhweli, iiarhente zokuhamba zithi.

“Ngoku nokuba ezinye iinqwelomoya ziye zalibaziseka ngenxa yeengxaki zemozulu, abakhweli abayi kubakholelwa,” utshilo uTian.

I-China Eastern kunye nezinye iinqwelomoya eziphantsi kukarhulumente nazo ziziva ubushushu bokukhula kwabasebenzi babucala.

I-China Express Airlines, inkampani yabucala ye-joint-venture carrier ese-Guiyang kumazantsi e-China, iqalise ukusebenza kutshanje ngeenqwelomoya ezintathu eziqeshiweyo kwi-Shandong Airlines.

UXu Yin, isithethi saseChina Express, uthi inkampani iceba ukongeza iinqwelomoya ezintlanu kulo nyaka, kodwa akazi ukuba iza kubafumana phi abaqhubi. Ugunyaziwe wezophapho eTshayina uthintele abathwali babucala ekutsaleni abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abasuka kwezinye iinqwelomoya ngeepakethe ezithandeka kakhulu.

I-China Express ithembise ukuqesha abafundi abangama-50 ababhalise kwisikolo esilingwayo ngeendleko zabo. Kodwa abayi kukulungela ukubhabha iijethi zorhwebo nanini na kungekudala. UXu khange atsho ukuba bazakufumana malini, kodwa ithi iChina Express ibhatala abasebenzi bayo ngoku abangama-30 abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ngaphezulu kwabo baseShandong Airlines.

Ezinye iinqwelomoya zaseTshayina zabucala ziye zaqesha abaqhubi beenqwelomoya, behlawula i-8,000 yeedola ukuya kwi-12,000 yeedola ngenyanga, ngokutsho kwabaqhubi beenqwelomoya baseTshayina, abakhalazela ukuba abo baqeshwayo basebenza iiyure ezimbalwa kakhulu kwaye bayonwabele izibonelelo ezinje ngesibonelelo sezindlu abanokuthi abaqhubi beenqwelo moya baseTshayina baphuphe nje.

"Imvakalelo yam ngaloo nto?" utshilo uZhang Zongming, ukapteni weHainan Airlines. "Ndiziva ndingenamandla."

UZhang, oneminyaka engama-44 ubudala, wayefuna ukubhabha okoko wayeyinkwenkwana ekhulela eTianjin, isixeko esikwimpuma yeBeijing. Ukuhlala kufuphi nebala leenqwelo-moya, “ndandibona iinqwelo-moya zibhabha esibhakabhakeni ngalo lonke ixesha, yaye ndayithanda ngokwenene loo nto,” watsho. Ngoko xa umkhosi weza edolophini ukuza kufuna abafundi abaphumelele kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, wabhalisa.

Wafunda ukubhabha emkhosini waza wazibandakanya neHainan Airlines ngo-1997.

Ukuqala njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya ongumfundi, wayekuvuyela ukufumana imali emalunga nama-600 eerandi ngenyanga. Inqwelomoya encinci yayineenqwelomoya ezintandathu kunye nabaqhubi abangama-60, utshilo. "Inkampani iphela isinike imvakalelo echulumancisayo."

Kodwa njengoko uHainan edityaniswa neenqwelomoya ezincinci, esongeza uninzi lweenqwelomoya kunye namakhulu abasebenzi, uZhang uthe iintlawulo zabaqeshi kwiinshurensi yezempilo kunye nomhlalaphantsi bezihlala zimiswa ngaphandle kwesizathu. Iiyure zokusebenza ziye zanda. UZhang uthe izicelo zakhe zexesha leholide kunzima ukuba zivunywe.

IHainan Airlines, ephantsi kwephondo laseHainan ubukhulu becala, ayizange iphendule kwizicelo zokuphefumla. NgoNovemba, emva kweminyaka eli-11 kunye nenkampani, uZhang wanikezela ngokurhoxa kwakhe. Uthe umvuzo wakhe ongaphezulu kwe-7,500 yeedola ngenyanga awusenamsebenzi kangako.

Ndaqonda ukuba, ukuba ndingaqhubeka ndisebenza ngolu hlobo, ibiya kuyonakalisa ngokwenene impilo yam.”

travel.latimes.com