Ngelixa unobangela wokuphulukana kabuhlungu kwe-Air France Flight 447 kusafuneka kumiselwe, into esiyaziyo ngokuqinisekileyo yeyokuba inqwelomoya yayibaleka ngesiphithiphithi phezu koLwandlekazi lweAtlantic ngelixesha indiza yehla. Kulixesha elifanelekileyo ukuba iNASA ixhase ngemali ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yomzekelo wokubonelela iinqwelomoya ngohlaziyo malunga nezaqhwithi ezinobundlobongela kunye noqhwithela njengoko zibhabha zisiya kwimimandla ekude yolwandle.
Oososayensi kwiZiko leSizwe loPhando lweAtmospheric (NCAR) eBoulder, eColorado, ngentsebenziswano nabalingane kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin, baphuhlisa inkqubo edibanisa idatha yesathelayithi kunye neemodeli zemozulu zekhompyuter ngeendlela zobukrelekrele zobuchwephesha. Injongo kukuchonga kunye nokuqikelela izivunguvungu ezikhawulezayo kunye nezinye iindawo ezinokubakho zesiphithiphithi.
"Isiphithiphithi sesona sizathu siphambili sokwenzakala kwindiza yezorhwebo," utshilo uJohn Haynes, umphathi wenkqubo kwiCandelo lezeNzululwazi yeZicelo eziSetyenzisiweyo kwiKomkhulu leNASA eWashington. "Lo msebenzi mtsha wokufumanisa amathuba okuba kubekho isiphithiphithi esinxulunyaniswa neenkqwithela zolwandle kusetyenziswa izakhelo ezingundoqo ezibaluleke kakhulu kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya."
Inkqubo yenzelwe ukunceda ukukhokela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kude nemozulu enzulu. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokujongwa kwesiphekepheke seNASA ziyasetyenziswa kule projekthi, kubandakanya idatha evela kwi-NASA yeTerra, iAqua, iTropical Rainfall yokulinganisa iMission, iCloudSat, kunye nesethelayithi zeCALIPSO.
Inkqubo yohlobo lweprototype iya kuchonga iindawo ezinesiphithiphithi kwimimandla ecacileyo yomoya, kunye nakwiinkqwithela. Kukwindlela yokuvavanya kunyaka olandelayo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kwiindlela ezikhethiweyo zendlela eya ngaselunxwemeni baya kufumana uhlaziyo lwenyani kunye nokunika ingxelo. Xa inkqubo igqityiwe, iya kubonelela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kunye nabalawuli abasebenza emhlabeni ngemephu ezisekwe kwiteksti kunye nemiboniso ebonisa imizobo yengqushu kunye noqhwithela.
"Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ngoku banolwazi oluncinci lwemozulu njengoko bebhabha kwiindawo ezikude zolwandle, kulapho ezinye zezona ziphithiphithi zimbi zenzeka khona, utshilo usosayensi uJohn Williams, enye yeprojekthi ekhokelela kwi-NCAR. "Ukubonelela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ubuncinci benombono wokuba iza kubakho izaqhwithi kunokubanceda babakhokele kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo olukhulu."
I-NCAR okwangoku ibonelela ngeemephu zexesha lokwenyani zesiphithiphithi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwilizwekazi laseMelika. UWilliams kunye noogxa bakhe bakhela kobu buchule bokuchonga isiphithiphithi kwiilwandle. Iqela lenze iimephu zehlabathi zokucaca komoya ocacileyo ngokusekwe kwiimodeli zemozulu zekhompyuter ezibandakanya umoya kunye nokunye ukungazinzi emoyeni. Ukuzoba kwimifanekiso yesathelayithi yezaqhwithi, izazinzulu zikwenzile umbono wehlabathi jikelele ngamanqwanqwa amafu emvula. Amagqabantshintshi aphakamileyo amafu ahlala enxulunyaniswa neenkqwithela ezinamandla ngakumbi, nangona kungenjalo kukuphazamiseka.
Inyathelo elilandelayo kukukhomba iindawo ezinokubakho sisiphithiphithi ngaphakathi nakwiindawo ezikungqongileyo. Iqela liza kufunda unxibelelwano phakathi kwezaqhwithi kunye nesiphithiphithi kwilizwekazi laseMelika, apho imo yezulu ijongwa khona, kwaye emva koko izise iipateni zovalo lwesaqhwithi kulwandlekazi.
Ukongeza ekuboneleleni ngeenqwelomoya kunye nabalawuli bomhlaba ngeemephu eziya phezulu ukuya kwimizuzu yongquzulwano, iqela leNCAR liguqula ubuchule bobukrelekrele bokuzenzela, obaziwa ngokuba "ngamahlathi angaqhelekanga," ukubonelela ngoqikelelo lwexesha elifutshane.
Amahlathi amileyo, abonakalise ukuba luncedo ekuqikeleleni iindudumo phezu komhlaba, aqukethe imithi emininzi yezigqibo ethi ngamnye athi "ewe" okanye hayi "ivoti" kwizinto ezibalulekileyo zesaqhwithi kwiindawo ezizayo nakwixesha. Oku kwenza ukuba oososayensi bakwazi ukuqikelela ukuhamba kunye namandla kwesaqhwithi kwiiyure ezimbalwa ezizayo.
"Injongo yethu kukunika abaqhubi beenqwelomoya umfanekiso ohlaziywa qho ngesaqhwithi esiza ngaphambili njengoko bebhabha ngaphezulu kolwandle, ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa isiphithiphithi kunye nokugcina iinqwelomoya zabo zingabikho engozini," ucacisile usosayensi we-NCAR uCathy Kessinger, iqela leprojekthi ilungu.
Iprojekthi ye-NCAR ixhaswa ngemali yiNkqubo yeNzululwazi yeSicelo esiSebenzayo, efuna ukuguqula utyalomali lweNASA kuqwalaselo loMhlaba kwizicelo ezijongana neengxaki zokwenyani. Inkqubo kunye namaqabane ayo bayasebenza ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweziphumo zophando kunye neemveliso zemozulu yokusebenza ngenqwelomoya kwiindawo ezinje ngokubhabha komkhenkce, imo yezulu eguqukayo, isiphithiphithi, uthuli lwentaba-mlilo, kunye nemozulu yasemajukujukwini.
