I-Boeing ihlala isemanzini ashushu. Emva kwe ntetho engazange ibonwe yi-Arhente yoKhuseleko kwiNqwelo moya yaseYurophu (i-EASA), intloko yalo mbutho uPatrick Ky uvakalise ukuthandabuza ngemigangatho yokhuseleko yase-Boeing / ye-FAA kwaye wenza isithembiso sokuqina sokungqonge iBoeing 737 MAX ebulalayo,

IFlyersRight.org wanikwa udliwanondlebe olukhethekileyo.

Amalungelo okushicilela: Nge-MCAS (iManeuvering Characteristics Augmentation System), iBoeing ngokucacileyo yongeze uhlobo lokukhusela imvulophu kwi-737 MAX. Siyakholelwa ukuba i-MCAS iyenziwa kwi-Rockwell-Collins EDFCS-730 autopilot / computer control control (s) (FCC). Uyilo lwe-737 MAX FCC lubonakala ngathi ludala kakhulu kwaye lilinganiselwe xa kuthelekiswa nolwakhiwo lwe-A320neo yenkqubo yokukhusela imvulophu. Ngokukodwa kwimimandla yokuphinda usebenzise inzwa, ukuziqonda ngokwakho kunye ne-software heterogeneity (sikholelwa ukuba isoftware inye kuphela).

Ukongeza, ifilosofi ye-automation phakathi kwe-737 kunye ne-A320neo ibonakala yahlukile ekubeni inkqubo ye-A320neo inika ngakumbi ukulawula kulawulo lwabaqhubi beenqwelomoya, ngokuqhubela phambili komthetho wolawulo lwenqwelomoya, ekuphenduleni impazamo yenkqubo kunye / okanye nokusilela. Inkqubo ye-MCAS ayibonakali isebenza kumgaqo ofanayo.

Zithini, ukuba zikhona, iziphumo kwinkqubo yesatifikethi se-EASA enokuthi ibe nayo ingentla?

EASAInqwelo-moya iqinisekisiwe ngokubonisa ukuba uyilo lwayo luyahambelana nazo zonke iimfuno ezifanelekileyo zokuba nomoya kwaye zonke izinto zikhuselekile. Iimfuno zethu zokuba nomoya wenqwelomoya azimiselwanga. Kuxhomekeke kubuchwephesha nakwinkqubo yokwakha esetyenzisiweyo, iinqwelomoya zinokuhlangabezana neenjongo zokhuseleko ngokwahlukileyo. Ke ngoko, asinakuthelekisa inqwelo moya nenye, kunokuba sivavanye indlela ezihambelana ngayo neemfuno.

Siyakholelwa ukuba uluhlu lwezona zixhobo ziphantsi zothotho lwe-A320 alukuvumeli ukubhabha ukuba kukho nasiphi na isifudumezi kwi-engile ezintathu zovavanyo lokuhlasela ezingasebenziyo. Uluhlu olusisiseko lwezixhobo ze-737 MAX lubonakala luvumela ukubhabha ukuba ngaba zombini okanye zombini ii-engile zezihlaseli zesixhobo sokuhlasela azisebenzi.

EN: Uhlobo lwe-737 MAX yomoya ozinzileyo we-MCAS okhubazekileyo awaziwa. Ukuba i-EASA igqiba ukuba i-737 MAX ye-airframe ayamkelekanga ayizinzanga nge-MCAS ikhubazekile ingaba yintoni enokuba nefuthe kwiimfuno zoqeqesho lokuqhuba? Ngokukodwa, ngaba ukungaphumeleli kwe-MCAS-ekubalekeni ngenqwelomoya kunokuba yimeko engxamisekileyo?

Zithini, ukuba zikhona, iziphumo kwinkqubo yesatifikethi se-EASA enokuthi ibe nayo ingentla?

I-EASA: Ukuzinza kobude beenqwelo-moya kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokuba nomoya. I-Boeing kufuneka ibonakalise ukuthotyelwa kwefowuni yomoya eyi-737 MAX kwezi mfuno. Iziphumo zokungaphumeleli kweenkqubo ezichaphazela ukuzinza kwenqwelomoya kufuneka kuvavanywe kusetyenziswa indlela eyamkelekileyo yohlalutyo lokhuseleko kwakhona kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zokuba nomoya. Iimfuno zoqeqesho lokuqhuba alwenzelwanga ukuhlawulela uyilo olungamkelekanga kuthotyelo kunye nokhuseleko.

Siyakholelwa ukuba iBoeing ubukhulu becala okanye iqinisekisile ngokupheleleyo i-737 MAX airframe, kubandakanya isoftware yolawulo lwenqwelomoya, phantsi kwenkqubo ye-FAA's Organisation Authorization (ODA).

EN: Sithini isikhundla se-EASA ngokuziqinisekisa? Ukuqhubela phambili, ngaba i-EASA iya kujonga ukufaneleka kwenqwelomoya e-US eqinisekiswe phantsi kwenkqubo ye-ODA njengelingana neenqwelo moya eziqinisekiswe yi-FAA, zisebenzisa abasebenzi bayo?

I-EASA: Olunye uphando luyaqhubeka kwinkqubo yokuqinisekiswa elandelwa yi-FAA kwimeko ye-B737 MAX. I-EASA ayinqweneli ukwenza uluvo malunga "nokuzazisa" okanye kwinqanaba lokuthunyelwa kwi-Boeing enikwe yi-FAA.

EN: I-Boeing kunye nephaneli yokucebisa yase-US bathathe indawo yokuba utshintsho kuphela kwisoftware luyafuneka. Ngokukodwa, ukuba akukho lutshintsho lwezixhobo, akukho luhlengahlengiso lwenqwelomoya kwaye akukho qeqeshi lifundisa kwakhona kwi-MAX simulators ezihamba-hambayo ziyimfuneko ukungqinisisa inqwelomoya. Ngaba i-EASA iyavuma?

EASAUvavanyo lwethu loyilo alukagqitywa okwangoku kwaye asikafikeleli kwisigqibo ngalo mbandela.

FR: Siyaqonda ukuba i-MCAS kunye ne-automation ye-flight azisebenzisi nje kuphela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo kodwa zihlala zibandakanyeka ukubhabha inqwelomoya kunye nemaski ukungazinzi kwendalo kuyilo. Akucaci ukuba ezi nkqubo zikhubazekile okanye zicinyiwe. Kuya kuba nzima njani kubaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukubhabha i-MAX ngesandla ngaphandle kwezi nkqubo?

Ngaba i-EASA iya kuvavanya inqwelomoya i-MAX isebenzisa abaqhubi bayo bovavanyo kunye ne-MCAS kunye nokuzenzekelayo kwendiza kukhubazekile, okanye ukuxhomekeka kuvavanyo lwe-Boeing kunye ne-FAA?

I-EASA: I-EASA ibeke iimfuno zovavanyo lwenqwelomoya kunye novavanyo lwe-simulator ngamanqaku ovavanyo angama-70 aya kuvavanywa, egubungela imisebenzi yesiqhelo kunye nokungaqhelekanga. Uvavanyo lwe-simulator lwenziwe ngoJuni nangoJulayi.

Phakathi kwamanqwanqwa alandelayo kuvavanyo lwenqwelomoya olwenziwe yi-EASA kwi-Boeing 737 MAX eguqulweyo eya kuhlala iveki yonke.

EN: Nge-19 kaJuni ye-US yeNdlu yeKomitana ye-Auction House Subcommittee kwi-737 MAX, uCaptain Sullenberger, umphathi wenqwelomoya waseMelika kunye nentloko yomanyano uDan Carey kunye noRandy Babbitt, owayesakuba yintloko ye-FAA kunye nomqhubi wenqwelomoya onamava, bonke bangqina ukuba kufuneka uqeqesho olungakumbi lokuqhuba. ukuba i-FAA kunye neenqwelo-moya ziye zanciphisa uqeqesho lokuqhuba umqhubi wenqwelomoya, ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka babenolwazi malunga neemeko zikaxakeka ezili-100 kunye nemiyalelo yemiyalelo rhoqo abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abenza imisebenzi engekho ngqiqweni.

Sithini isikhundla se-EASA kuqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo?

I-EASA: Uphengululo lwethu lweemfuno zoqeqesho lokulinga alukagqitywa okwangoku kwaye asikafikeleli kwisigqibo ngalo mbandela.

EN: I-MAX ayilinganiswanga ukuba isebenzise izikhululo zeenqwelomoya eziphakamileyo kwimozulu eshushu, kodwa yavunyelwa ukuba isuke kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya e-Ethiopia isebenzisa umgaqo omde ngesantya esiphezulu esenza ukuba inqwelomoya ingakwazi ukulawula ukubhujiswa kwango-Matshi 10.

Sithini isikhundla se-EASA, ukuba sikhona, kuthintelo lweenqwelomoya kwimozulu eshushu ikakhulu kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya eziphakamileyo?

I-EASA: Uphando lwengozi lusaqhubeka kwaye asinqweneli ukunika izimvo malunga noku. Iinqwelomoya ziqinisekisiwe ngemvulophu esebenzayo kunye nokusikelwa umda kwimeko yemozulu kunye nokuphakama kwenqwelomoya.

EN: Kukho bambalwa kakhulu abahambahambayo be-MAX simulators, kodwa uninzi lwama-simulators angama-737 aqhelekileyo. Akucaci ukuba ngaba iisulators eziqhelekileyo ezingama-737 zinokuguqulwa ukuze zilingise i-MAX.

Ngaba i-EASA okanye uMnu. Ky banoluvo malunga noku? Ukuba akunjalo, i-EASA icwangcise ukwenza ntoni ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abaqhubi beenqwelo moya be-MAX bafuna kwaye kufuneka uqeqesho lwe-simulator?

I-EASA: Uqeqesho lwabasebenza ngenqwelomoya aludingi seshoni yoqeqesho kubalingisi bendiza ngokukodwa kwimodeli yenqwelomoya. Akuqhelekanga ukuba, ngokuxhomekeke kwiyantlukwano phakathi kweemodeli ezimbini, abaqeqeshi beenqwelomoya baqeqeshelwa kwisimulator sendiza esingachazwanga kwimodeli (kule meko iya kuba yi-B737 NG ye-simulator) kwaye emva koko kunikwa uqeqesho lokwahluka kwikhompyuter Ukwengeza. Oku kubonisiwe ukuba kwamkelekile kwaye kuyasebenza kumatyala aliqela. Kwimeko ye-B737 max, uphononongo lwethu lweemfuno zoqeqesho lokuqhuba alukagqitywa okwangoku kwaye asikafikeleli kwisigqibo ngalo mbandela.

Njengokuba i-FAA ithathela ingqalelo ukulungiswa kwesoftware ka-Boeing ye-737 MAX-i-EU inezinye izicwangciso.

I-Arhente yoKhuseleko kwezeNdawo yaseYurophu (i-EASA) igxeke i-FAA ngento eyichaza njengokunqongophala kokucaca nokungafihli nto ekuvumeleni iBoeing ukuba ivavanye ukhuseleko lweempawu ezithile zolawulo lwenqwelomoya.

Ayisiqinisekisi uLuntu oluBhabha

Abantu baseMelika ikakhulu bathemba ukuba iinqwelomoya zenze inyameko yokufumana uhambo olukhuselekileyo. Kodwa, abayiqondi kangako imigangatho yokhuseleko yabathunywa be-FAA, kunye "nokuziqinisekisa", evumela iBoeing ukuba izilawule ngokwayo imisebenzi ebalulekileyo enje ngesoftware emva kokubetha okungama-737 MAX.

UCaptain “Sully” Sullenberger kutshanje uye wadlula kwi Ukulinganisa kwakhona kweentlekele kwisimulator ye-737 MAX. Amagqabantshintshi akhe: “Nditsho ndazi ukuba kuzakwenzeka ntoni, ndiyabona ukuba abasebenzi babenokuphelelwa lixesha kunye nobude ngaphambi kokuba basombulule iingxaki.”

Ukulandela ukukhokela kwe-EASA yi-India, ithi iya kungqinisisa i-737 MAX ngokuzimeleyo-engalandeli nasiphi na isigqibo yi-FAA malunga nokujikeleza inqwelomoya.

Ngexesha lasehlotyeni, uninzi lweengcali bezingenakucinga ngokuqengqeleka ngexesha lokuwa ngaphandle kwesisombululo okanye ukuqonda ukuba iya kulungiswa nini. Iinqwelomoya ezininzi ziye zatyhala zibuyelela kwiishedyuli zazo ze-MAX ukuya kuJanuwari 2020.

Economist uqikelela ukuba i-737 MAX ibiza iindleko zeenqwelo moya, abathengisi kunye nesicwangciso ngokwaso malunga ne- $ 4 yezigidigidi ngekota.

Ngo-Matshi le ncwadi uxele iBoeing 737 Max 8 incwadana yenqwelomoya ayonelanga ngokwaphula umthetho

INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:

Ukongeza, ifilosofi ye-automation phakathi kwe-737 kunye ne-A320neo ibonakala ihluke kwindlela ye-A320neo ngokunyuka inika ulawulo olungakumbi kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ngokuqhubekayo komthetho wokulawula indiza, ekuphenduleni impazamo yenkqubo kunye / okanye ukungaphumeleli.
I-EASA ayifuni ukuphawula malunga ne "self-certification" eqikelelwayo okanye kwinqanaba lokuthunyelwa kwi-Boeing enikwe yi-FAA.
Sikholelwa ukuba uluhlu lwezixhobo ezisezantsi zoluhlu lwe-A320 aluvumeli ukubhabha ukuba naziphi na izifudumezi kwii-engile ezintathu zezivamvo zokuhlasela azisebenzi.