I-Silk Way Airlines yinqwelomoya yabucala yaseAzerbaijan ephethe i-ofisi eyintloko kunye nokusebenza kwenqwelomoya e-Heydar Aliyev International Airport e-Baku, eAzerbaijan. Isebenza ngokudibanisa iinkonzo zothutho iYurophu kwaye Asia, eunited States kwaye iAfrika, kunye neenkonzo zikarhulumente kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, uHarut Sassounian wabhala inqaku leendaba zeAsbarez 
Inika ingxelo yokuba iiSilik Way Airlines zaseAzerbaijan zenze iinqwelomoya eziyimfihlo ezingama-350 ukuhambisa amakhulu eetoni zezixhobo ukusuka eBulgaria ukuya kubanqolobi be-ISIS eSyria nakwamanye amazwe akuMbindi Mpuma phakathi kuka-2014 no-2017.
Ukubhengezwa kwenziwa yintatheli yeProjekthi yokuXelwa koLwaphulo-mthetho noRhwaphilizo (OCCRP) ngokufaka isicelo seNkululeko yeNgcaciso yoMthetho (i-FOIA) kurhulumente wase-US ngo-2016. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba uSilk Way, “ongumnini wenkampani ngaphambili Amaqhina osapho lakwaAzerbaijan, uAliyev, baphumelela kwizivumelwano zomkhosi wase-US, ”ngokutsho kwamaxwebhu e-FOIA.
Ngoku sinesityhilelo esothusayo sokuba uSilk Way ufumene iimali-mboleko ezizigidi ezingama-419.5 zeedola kwi-US Export-Import Bank (i-EXIM) yokuthenga iinqwelo-moya ezintathu ezingama-747-8 ezivela eBoeing ukuze ziqhubeke nemisebenzi yazo emibi.
I-Silk Way Airlines (“Silk Way”) iyaziphikisa izikhalazo zamva nje ezibekwe kumanqaku ali-intanethi azama ukonakalisa igama likaSilk Way elithembekileyo. Ngaphandle kwawo nawuphi na umgangatho, la manqaku asisiphumo sephulo elilungelelanisiweyo lolwazi olungelulo olwabhalwa ngababhali abanesizathu sokwenza izinto ngokubambisana ngokuthe ngqo nonxibelelwano lwaseArmenia.
Ngokuchasene namabango obuxoki enziwe kumanqaku, i-Silk Way ilandele ngokufanelekileyo zonke iinkqubo ezisebenzayo kunye neendlela eziphantsi kwemigaqo yesizwe neyamazwe aphesheya kunye nemithetho esemthethweni malunga nokuthuthwa kwempahla ngomoya, kubandakanya noMbutho weZizwe eziThutha iiNqwelo moya (IATA) kunye noMbutho wezoLuntu wezoLwandle. ICAO) imigangatho. Njengenkqubo yokusebenza esemgangathweni, ngaphambi kokwenza iinqwelomoya, uSilk Way wayehlala efumana, ngaphandle kokuzimela, zonke iimvume eziyimfuneko kunye nokukhululwa okufunekayo ukuhambisa imithwalo eyingozi.
Ukongeza, oko kubizwa ngokuba 'ziinqwelomoya ezifihlakeleyo', ezipapashwe kumanqaku athunyelweyo, ngaphandle kwenani labo lobuxoki, zasebenza ngokuthobela yonke imigaqo emiselweyo kwaye bayalelwa liSebe lezoKhuselo lase-United States (DoD), ngelixa bonke abathumeli kunye nabahambisi zichongwe ligunya elikhankanyiweyo. Ngokwenjenje, iingxelo ezibuza ubunjani beenqwelomoya kunye nabathumeli kunye nabahambisi abanazo zonke izinto ezisemthethweni.
Ngokuchasene noko, indlela efanelekileyo kaSilk yokuphatha lo mthwalo iqinisekisiwe ngabasemagunyeni abaninzi, abathi babhengeza esidlangalaleni amabango obuxoki okuziphatha gwenxa kwizitetimenti ezisemthethweni, enye yazo yenziwe yafumaneka apha.
Ababhali abafanayo abazama ukuchaza iSilk Way njengenkampani ebandakanyeka kwimisebenzi engekho mthethweni, bayavuma kwizikhundla zabo ukuba amaziko akumgangatho ophakamileyo anjengomkhosi wase-US kubandakanya i-US Transport Command, iBoeing kunye neBoeing Global Services, iSebe lezoKhuselo leLizwe laseCanada, Umkhosi oxhobileyo waseJamani, Umkhosi waseFrance kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo, banobudlelwane obude bexesha lesivumelwano neSilk Way. Obu budlelwane buqinisekisa igama elincomekayo leenqwelo moya zethu kwaye bubungqina bokuzinikela kukaSilk Way kwiinkonzo ezisemgangathweni, ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemanyano.
Ngenxa yokungaphumeleli ukuxhasa amabango eenqwelomoya ezingekho mthethweni, iphulo lolwazi olungelulo laye lahlasela uMongameli weqela leSilk Way, uMnu. Zaur Akhundov kwaye wabuza ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwendlela yokwandiswa kweenqwelomoya. Amanqaku avelise ulwazi malunga nobungqina bukaMnu Akhundov kunye namava, bezama ukumbonisa 'njengendoda eyimfihlakalo' engaziwayo nophethe uphawu lweSilk Way. Ngokwenyani, nangona kunjalo, uMnu. Akhundov wayebaluleke kakhulu ekusekweni kweSilk Way, wayeyinkokeli yeqela leSilk Way kwasekuqaleni, kwaye wazisa amashumi eminyaka amava abalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ishishini leenqwelomoya eAzerbaijan. Umnumzana Akhundov akanamanyano kurhulumente okanye iqela lezopolitiko.
Ngokubhekisele kwizityholo ezinxulumene nenkxaso mali yokwandiswa kweenqanawa zikaSilk, inqwelo moya yethu isebenzisane ngokusekuhleni kwaye ngenxa yoko yakha ubuhlakani obuthembekileyo kunye namaziko amaninzi aziwayo kwezemali, kubandakanya neBhanki yokuThumela ngaphandle (Ex-Im) yeBhanki. Amazwe Amanyene. I-Ex-Im Bank yiarhente yomanyano enomgaqo-nkqubo ophambili wokuxhasa ukufunyanwa kweemveliso ezenziwe e-US ezinje ngeenqwelo moya zeBoeing. Phambi kokuba iSilk Way ifumane imali mboleko ngokusemthethweni kwiqondo lentengiso elalixhaswa yi-Ex-Im Bank, inkampani yezindiza yaphumelela ngempumelelo kuwo onke amanyathelo enkqubo yokuthotyelwa, kubandakanya nokuhlolwa kwakhona kukarhulumente wase-US.
Ngaphaya koko, isiqinisekiso sokuba i-Silk Way ifunyenwe kwiBhanki yeHlabathi yeAzerbaijan (IBAR), yayifunwa yi-Ex-Im Bank njengokhuseleko olongezelelekileyo kwaye inikwe inqwelo moya yethu ngokusekwe kwimiqathango neemeko zentengiso, inqanaba lenqwelomoya, nangaphandle nawaphi na amalungelo eSilk Way. Ukongeza kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwenqwelomoya olungqongqo, uSilk Way uphakamisa umthetho olumkileyo othi 'Yazi umThengi waKho' kwaye unamathela ngokungqongqo kwizenzo zeshishini zamanye amazwe, eqinisekisa ukuba umthengi ngamnye unokubakho kwimingcipheko okanye imisebenzi engekho mthethweni. Imbali yeSilk Way yokuthobela indibaniselwano ayinciphisanga kuphela umngcipheko, kodwa ikwakha kwaye yomeleza ubudlelwane beshishini kwihlabathi liphela. Naluphina ulwazi oluchasene noko, kubandakanywa inani elinyukayo lemali mboleko yeSilk Way, lixoki.
Iqela elithembakeleyo likaSilk Way, ubuhlakani obomeleleyo behlabathi kunye nokuziphatha, ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kuya kuthi ngokuzingca kuqhubeke nokunikezela ngeyona nkonzo intle ishishini lempahla yomoya ekufuneka liyinike kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwama-50 kwihlabathi liphela esisebenza kuzo.
Yayiyintoni iphulo lesmear kunye nenqaku iSilk Way Airlines ukubhekisa ?
Eli nqaku lapapashwa ngoSeptemba 4 kwaye liyacacisa:
"I-Silk Way inikwe ikhontrakthi ezixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-400 yezigidi zeedola noMthetho woThutho weSebe lezoKhuseleko lase-US ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka," ngokuka-Devansh Mehta we-OCCRP. I-Silk Way yathutha “iimbumbulu nezinye izinto ezingabulaliyo” isiya e-Afghanistan ukusukela ngo-2005. “Ukongeza kubudlelwane bayo norhulumente wase-US, i-Silk Way Airlines ikwasebenza njengonokontraka ophantsi weSebe lezoKhuselo lase-Canada, umkhosi waseJamani. , kunye nomkhosi waseFrance, ”utyhile uMehta.
Ngo-Epreli 2017, iSilk Way yonyusa ukuthengwa kwayo kwi-Boeing, ityikitya isivumelwano se- $ 1 yezigidigidi zeenqwelomoya zabakhweli ezingama-10 MAX ezilishumi, ngokuka ntatheli uMehta. Nangona kunjalo, ayaziwa ukuba ifunyenwe njani inkxaso-mali entsha. Ngo-Okthobha ophelileyo, uSilk Way wabhengeza izicwangciso zokuthenga ezinye iindiza ezimbini ze-737-747.
UMehta uxele ukuba “inqwelo-moya yeyakwaSilk Way Group, ethi, ubuncinci kwindawo enye, inxulunyaniswe nosapho olulawulayo lwaseAzerbaijan iAliyev (olusebenzise iinqwelomoya zalo kuhambo lwabucala) kwaye luxhamle kwizivumelwano zikarhulumente ezinobubele. Ulwazi olufunyenwe kwi-FOIA lubonisa ukuba i-Silk Way Airlines ithathe amanyathelo okufihla ubunini babanini bayo, mhlawumbi ukuphucula amathuba ayo okuphumelela iziqinisekiso zemalimboleko zaseMelika kunye nezivumelwano zomkhosi. ”
UMehta wongeze ngelithi “iAzerbaijan ikwinqanaba le-122 kwamazwe ali-180 kwiTransparency International yesalathiso sokuqonda urhwaphilizo, ngelixa usapho lukaMongameli u-Ilham Aliyev luneepropathi zokunethezeka kwihlabathi liphela ezixabisa ngaphezulu kweedola ezili-140 lezigidi. Amaphepha ePanama kunye nokunye ukuvuza kubeke usapho lokuqala lwelizwe njengelibandakanyekayo phantse kuwo onke amacandelo oqoqosho lwaseAzerbaijan, ukusuka kwiihotele eziphambili ukuya kwezemigodi ukuya kwiibhanki. ”
Ngokwemiqathango yemali mboleko ye-Silk Way ye-Export-Import Bank ye-419.5 yezigidi zeerandi kwi-Silk Way, kwimeko yokungaphumeleli, ilahleko iya kuhlawulwa yi-International Bank yase-Azerbaijan (IBA). Ingxaki kukuba i-IBA iye "yabandakanyeka kwi-Laundromat yaseAzerbaijan, isikimu esikhulu esikhuphe phantse i-3 yezigidigidi zeedola ngaphandle kwelizwe ngeenkampani ezahlukeneyo ze-shell," ubhale watsho uMehta. Ngapha koko, i-IBA ayikho kwimeko yokuqinisekisa imali mboleko yeSilk Way, njengoko i-IBA ngokwayo yabhengeza ukubhengezwa njengongenamali ngo-2015, engakwaziyo ukuhlawula ityala layo elingama-3.3 ezigidi zeerandi!
UNate Schenkkan, umlawuli weprojekthi yeZizwe kwiTransit ingxelo kwiFreedom House, engenzi nzuzo e-US ejonge idemokhrasi kunye namalungelo oluntu kwihlabathi liphela, wabuza ubulumko bemali mboleko ye-EXIM yeBhanki kwi-Silk Way: “EAzerbaijan, apho usapho olunye luphetheyo kwezoqoqosho. kwaye kwezopolitiko kwaye usebenzisa amaziko karhulumente ukuxhasa iiprojekthi zoqoqosho, kukho ungqubano olucacileyo lomdla. ”
UArzu Aliyeva, Pres. Intombi ka-Aliyev eneminyaka engama-21 ubudala ngo-2010, wayengomnye wabanini abathathu be-Silk Way Bank, ingalo yezemali ye-Silk Way Holding. Ukusukela ngo-2017, igama lakhe alisakhankanywa njengomnini. "I-Silk Way Holding, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Silk Way Group (iQela le-SW) kwiwebhusayithi yayo, ngumdibaniselwano okwangoku odwelise iinkampani ezili-11 kwipotfoliyo yayo, kubandakanya nezo moya," ngokuka Mehta.
I-Silk Way Holding yalawula icandelo leenqwelo moya laseAzerbaijan emva kokuba inqwelomoya yenqwelomoya yeAZAL yenziwa yabucala ngendlela efihlakeleyo ngaphandle kokubizwa kunye neethenda. UMehta ubhale ukuba “ukuthengiswa kwamashishini abucala kwicandelo lezomnxeba kuye kwaphela usapho [Aliyev] lufumene malunga ne-1 yezigidigidi zeerandi ngokufumbathisa ngemali kunye nexabiso lesabelo, ngokwebali langaphambili le-OCCRP. Uphando luye lwafumanisa ukuba imali yayihanjiswa kusapho lokuqala ngeenkampani ezahlukeneyo eziyimfihlo zonxweme. Ezi nkampani zenze iAliyevs zakwazi ukulawula imigodi yegolide, ezonxibelelwano kunye namashishini okwakha eAzerbaijan. ”
Ngokuya kufayilwa ngo-2006, iiSilk Way Airlines zazingabanini be-IHC (International Handling Company), iziko eliselunxwemeni elizinze kwiiVirgin Islands Islands. Kwifayile ka-2017, iSilk Way Airlines yatsho ukuba i-40% yenkampani yayiyi-IHC, ngelixa i-60% yayingabanini be-SW Holding, "ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo" nguZaur Akhundov, ummi waseAzerbaijani. UMehta uthe "i-IHC inxibelelene nosapho lakwa-Aliyev ngomphathi wayo uJaouad Dbila oxelwe njengommeli wosapho lokuqala kwimidla yosapho ngaphambili."
Ngo-2011, umphathi ozelwe eRashiya, uGrigory Yurkov, wanikwa igunya lommeli weSilk Way Holding kunye ne-IHC, ngokwegazethi esemthethweni yaseLuxembourg. Oku kuqeshwa kwasetyenziswa njengendlela yokufihla abanini bokwenyani be-IHC.
Ngeli xesha, uZaur Akhundov ngokufihlakeleyo waba ngumnini we-100% yeqela lonke leSilk Way kwi2014. Ngelo xesha, ifemu kunye nokubanjwa kwayo okuninzi kwakusele kufanelekile iibhiliyoni zeedola, utshilo uMehta, ngokusekwe kwisicelo sesiqinisekiso semali mboleko yenkampani. U-Akhundov, 50, wayebambe izikhundla ezininzi eAzerbaijan. "Akucaci ukuba u-Akhundov waba ngumnini wenkampani yeedola ngaphezulu kwe-10 yenqwelomoya, inkampani yeinshurensi, inkampani yokwakha, kunye nenkampani yokulungisa iinqwelomoya, ukubiza nje amashishini ambalwa kwiQela leSilk," Mehta wazibuza.
NgokukaSchenkkan weNdlu yeNkululeko, “iAzerbaijan inokuchazwa njengephiramidi esembindini, emi nkqo apho izibonelelo ziye kusapho olunye oluqokelela irenti kuqoqosho lonke. Oku kubandakanya zonke iintlobo zentengiselwano, hayi kuphela intengiselwano yaseburhulumenteni enokuthi ibandakanye irhafu kunye neengxowa mali zikarhulumente, kodwa nezinto ezibandakanya oko sihlala sikuthatha njengecandelo labucala: ukungenisa elizweni, impahla yabathengi, ezothutho- nayiphi na indawo yezoqoqosho, usapho unesibonda kuyo kwaye unqunyulwa ngokwenzekayo. ”
Inkongolo yase-US kufuneka ibambe indlebe ukuphanda ukufaneleka kwesiqinisekiso semali mboleko ye-EXIM ye-419.5 yezigidi zeerandi kwi-Silk Way Airlines, ukuthunyelwa kweengalo zayo kumaqela abanqolobi ku-Mbindi Mpuma, kunye nobunini bayo obufihliweyo lusapho olulawulayo luka-Aliyev. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, kutheni iAzerbaijan, ilizwe elinamawaka ezigidi zeepetrodollars, linikwa imali mboleko yaseMelika?
