Kutheni ukuphinda uqalise uKhenketho inokuba linyathelo lokugqibela kuphela emva kokubuyisa uqoqosho?

Uphando olubanzi kumanyathelo ama-4 alandelayo endlela yokoyisa i-COVID-19 kwaye uqalise kwakhona uqoqosho lwakho-Imodeli yaseHawaii

Ekwabelaneni ngako oku incwadana yenyathelo ngenyathelo malunga nendlela yokoyisa i-COVID-19 kunye nesikhokelo sendlela ukuqala kwakhona kweshishini labatyeleli eHawaii inokubonwa njenge icebot kwiindawo ezininzi ehlabathini.

Le ngxelo ibaluleke ngokukodwa kwiHawaii kodwa iindawo ezininzi zokufikela kunye namazwe, ngakumbi amazwe eziqithi kufuneka anike ingqalelo enkulu.

Uphando kunye nengxelo yakhululwa yi-Economic Research Organisation kwiYunivesithi yaseHawaii.

Ingxelo yaphuhliswa kubanjiswene neZiko laseMpuma-Ntshona lapapasha ingxelo kunye nophando kunye nesinyathelo ngenyathelo-ngesicwangciso sendlela yokoyiswa intsholongwane kunye nokuqala kwakhona uqoqosho. Ukuqala kwakhona kweShishini loKhenketho noKhenketho, ukubuk 'iindwendwe kunye nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya iya kuba linyathelo lokugqibela.

Ulawula njani ubhubhane weCoronavirus waseHawaii kwaye ubuyise uqoqosho

Kumgaqo-nkqubo wethu wokuqala omfutshane ukusuka nge-25 kaMatshi ka-2020, siye sazoba isicwangciso esinokubakho sokulawula inoveli coronavirus eHawaii. Isicwangciso sisekelwe ngokukhululekileyo kwiimpendulo eziyimpumelelo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwiindawo ezifana neSingapore, iHong Kong, neTaiwan kwaye siqwalasela imeko yangoku yobhubhane eHawaii kunye nokuhlukaniswa kwethu okukodwa kwendawo.

Inamanyathelo amane:

1) Ukuphelisa ukungena kwezifo ezitsha
2) Ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kubemi bendawo;
3) Yenza uvavanyo olubanzi lwabo baneempawu kunye nomngcipheko ophakamileyo, ukulandelela abafowunelwa kuwo onke amatyala, kwaye ubenze bodwa abo baveziweyo okanye abosulelekileyo; kwaye
I-4) Ngokusekwe ekubekweni esweni kovavanyo olwenziwe, setha ukubangela ukuphinda ubeke ii-odolo zokukhusela ukuba ubhubhane uyavuka.

 Ezona njongo zethu ziphambili kule ngxelo kukuphonononga indlela urhulumente awaphumeze ngayo amanyathelo oku-1 nowe-2 kunye nokuzalisekisa amanyathelo 3 no-4 ngokuzeleyo. Sichaza ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi ukuba uvavanyo olwandisiweyo, ukulandelelwa kwembali ebanzi, kunye nokuba yedwa kwabantu abachaphazeleka kunye nabosulelekileyo kunokukhokelela kunciphiso olukhawulezileyo losulelo olutsha kunye nezibhedlele. Nje ukuba le nkqubo ibekiwe kwaye isebenze ngempumelelo iiveki ezininzi, sinokuthi siqalise ukujongana neethagethi ezinokulinganiswa-inani losulelo olutsha, inani lokulaliswa esibhedlele, amandla enkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo ukunyanga abantu abasandul 'ukosulelwa okanye abasesichengeni- oko ingavumela irhuluneli uIge ukuba ayekelele kancinci kulungelelwaniso lokuhlala ekhaya kunye nabantu ukuba bakhulule ngokuthe ngcembe ukuthintelwa kokuthintelwa ekuhlaleni. 

I-HAWAII ISELE ITHATHE AMANYATHELO AMABINI AMAKHULU 

 IHawaii ineemeko ezintathu eziququzelela ukuphunyezwa okusebenzayo kwesicwangciso solawulo lwe-coronavirus: Ukuhlukaniswa kwethu ngokwendawo (i-2,300 yeekhilomitha ukuya kwi-US West Coast), inani lethu elincinci (i-1.4 yezigidi zabantu), kunye nenani elincinci kakhulu loorhulumente (ii-4 kunye ne-1 zikarhulumente kurhulumente. Ezi meko zinciphisa iindleko kwaye zonyusa izibonelelo kulungelelwaniso olusondeleyo phakathi koorhulumente, imibutho yabucala, abantu, kunye namakhaya ukulawula ubhubhane kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo kuqoqosho. Ngaba oorhulumente baseHawaii kunye nemibutho bathathe amanyathelo ukunyusa le meko kwi-Hawaii? 

Isinyathelo sokuqala

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuphumezeni isicwangciso esisebenzayo solawulo lwe-coronavirus eHawaii yayikukuthintela ukuhamba phakathi kweHawaii kunye neendawo zaphesheya kwezilwandle naphakathi kweziqithi zaseHawaii. Oku kufezekisiwe ubukhulu becala. Ukufika kwabahambi ngenqwelomoya kumazwe aphesheya kwaqala ukwehla ngo-Matshi 1 ngelixa ukufika kweenqwelomoya zasekhaya kungakhange kuqale ukwehla kwabo kude kube ngoMatshi 13. Nge-Matshi 22/23, ukufika kwamazwe aphesheya nakwasekhaya kuye kwawa ngama-80-90 epesenti. Njengokuba abahlali beya besazi ngakumbi ukuba uninzi lwabantu kuvavanywa ukuba ne-coronavirus lusulelekile ngelixa kuhambo lwaphesheya / kwilizwekazi, uxinzelelo lukhule kurhulumente welizwe ukuba athintele olu hambo ngokuqinileyo. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesithathu ku-Matshi 23, iRhuluneli Ige inyanzelise ukubekwa yedwa kwiintsuku ezili-2020 kuzo zonke iindwendwe ezingenayo kunye nabahlali ababuya kwilizwe laseMelika nakwamanye amazwe. Kwiveki enye kamva (nge-14 kaMatshi), iRhuluneli u-Ige wanyanzelisa ukubekwa yedwa kwiintsuku ezili-30 kubo bonke abahambi be-interisland, kubandakanya abahlali baseHawaii, eyaqala ngo-Epreli 14. Ukuvalwa yedwa phakathi kwe-interisland kulindeleke ukuba kukhokelele ekwehleni okukhulu kwenqwelomoya yenqwelomoya kunye nokuphelisa konke kodwa ukuhamba phakathi kwamabala. Zozibini iindawo zokuvalelwa ngabucala zicwangciselwe ukuhlala de kube ngumhla wamashumi amathathu ku-Epreli. Akumangalisi ukubona ukuvalelwa phesheya kolwandle kwandisiwe kwinyanga ka-Meyi ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweendawo apho iHawaii ifumana khona abakhenkethi akunakulindeleka ukuba zibe phantsi kolawulo lwezifo zazo ngo-Epreli.

Ukuvalelwa wedwa kumazwe aphesheya nakwilizwekazi kube negalelo ekunciphiseni kokufika kukhenketho lwemihla ngemihla kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya zaseHawaii, ukusuka kubantu abangama-2,000 25 ngoMatshi 121 ukuya kubantu abali-30 ngoMatshi 14. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqanaba lokufika libeka umthwalo owongezelelweyo kumagosa ezempilo oluntu. kunye nezixhobo zikarhulumente kunye neekhawunti, ekhokelela uSodolophu waseHonolulu uCaldwell ukuba acele uMongameli uTrump ukuba anqande lonke uhambo olungabalulekanga oluya eHawaii. Silindele ukuba inani labafikayo lehle ngakumbi njengoko iindwendwe ezinokubakho zisazi malunga nokuvalwa kweentsuku ezili-XNUMX, izithintelo zokuhlala ekhaya ezisebenza kubakhenkethi emva kwexesha labo lokuvalwa, ukuvalwa kwazo zonke iindawo zangaphakathi nangaphandle zabakhenkethi, kwaye ishedyuli yansuku zonke yokuncipha ngokukhawuleza kweenqwelomoya ukuya nokubuya kwiiIqithi. 

Urhulumente uthathe amanyathelo aliqela okubeka iliso kunye nokunyanzelisa ukuhlala yedwa. Ukuba kukho ulwaphulo olukhulu, amanyathelo okubeka esweni kunye nokunyanzeliswa anokuqiniswa. Iinzame zangoku sele zixinzelela amandla ethu ezempilo oluntu okubeka iliso kunye nokufumana umkhondo kwaye inokuba lixesha lokuba siqale ingxoxo enzulu yokusebenzisa iindlela zombane zokujonga ukuthotyelwa kunye nokuphunyezwa kokuphambuka koluntu. Ukufika okutsha kunokujongwa ngexesha lokuvalelwa yedwa ngamabhanti ezonyango, njengoko kusenziwa ngoku eHong Kong, iifowuni zokusebenza zinokujonga indawo ezikuyo kunye nokuzihlukanisa nabanye abatyeleli kunye nabahlali, okanye inkqubo eyandisiweyo yeSebe lezeMpilo inokubuza ngendawo yabo kunye ukubekwa wedwa. Ukupapasha iintsuku ezilishumi elinesine zokuvalelwa kwabantu eHawaii kwiindawo eziqhubeka nokuthumela abakhenkethi eHawaii lukhetho ukuba ukuhamba kokhenketho okubalulekileyo kuyaqhubeka kwizixeko / kumazwe athile. Olunye ukhetho lokuthintela ukuhambela ngokuzikhethela kukuba urhulumente acele ukuba iinqwelomoya kunye neearhente zokubhukisha zokuhamba kunye neewebhusayithi zazise bonke abahambahambayo malunga noluntu kunye neendawo eziphakathi kwamazwe ngaphambi kokuba abahambi babhukishe iindlela zabo. 

Ukunciphisa ukuhamba ukuya kumanqanaba asezantsi kakhulu kubalulekile kulawulo lwalo bhubhane kuba ivumela onke amaqela aseHawaii-oorhulumente, imibutho, abantu, kunye namakhaya-ukuba ajolise kulawulo losasazo loluntu. Ukulandelelwa kwamatyala aseHawaii kubonisa ukuba ukuhanjiswa koluntu kube ngumthombo we-12% yamatyala e-186 ahlelwe njengokuhamba okanye uluntu olufunyenwe ngoMatshi 31, kodwa enye i-26% yamatyala abahlali abanomthombo wokuchazwa awaziwa. Ukuhanjiswa koluntu ngokucacileyo kuyaqhubeka kwiiIqithi. Ukuvalelwa yedwa kuhambo lwaselunxwemeni kufuneka kunciphise amathuba okuba abahambi abavela kwiziqithi abanepesenti enkulu yabemi abosulelekileyo bazise intsholongwane kwiziqithi ezinepesenti encinci yabemi abosulelekileyo. Izithintelo kuhambo lwe-interisland zikwabalulekile njengoko zivumela oorhulumente kunye noorhulumente beedolophu ukuba banyanzelise (kwaye baphumle) izithintelo ezilungiselelwe imeko yobhubhane kwisiqithi ngasinye. Oku kubalulekile kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba urhulumente angayiphumlisa iodolo yakhe yokuhlala ekhaya nasentlalweni ngokukhawuleza kwiziqithi ezinamatyala ambalwa ngomntu ngamnye kwaye afaka amanyathelo olawulo olusebenzayo kunye nokufumana umkhondo onamandla. 

Inyathelo lesiBini

Inyathelo lesibini ekuphumezeni isicwangciso esisebenzayo sokulawula i-coronavirus eHawaii yayenzelwe oosodolophu kunye nerhuluneli ukuyalela bonke abahlali kunye neendwendwe ukuba zihlale ekhaya kwaye zithathe amanyathelo okwehla kwezentlalo xa kwiindawo zikawonkewonke. Amanyathelo anjalo, ukuba aphunyezwe ngokukuko, anokunciphisa ngokugqibeleleyo ukuhanjiswa koluntu. Phakathi kuka-Matshi 4 ukuya ku-Matshi 25, oosodolophu abane babeka imiyalelo eyahlukeneyo yokuthintela kunye neengcebiso zokuzithandela ezahluka kakhulu kumabandla amane. Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesihlanu kweyoKwindla ngo-25, iRhuluneli u-Ige wafudukela kwinqanaba lokumisela amanyathelo athintelayo kurhulumente ngokunyanzela ilizwe lonke ukuba lihlale ekhaya kwaye lihlanganyele ekuhlaleni. Amanyathelo amiselwe ukunceda ukufezekisa iinjongo ezimbini: (2020) ukucothisa ukosuleleka kwintsholongwane phakathi kwabantu kunye (1) ukunciphisa umthwalo kubanikezeli benkonzo yezempilo abanokuthi babangele ukuba bekuya kubakho uqhushululu olukhulu lwabantu abagula kakhulu efuna unonophelo olukhulu. 

Umyalelo wokuhlala ekhaya kwirhuluneli wamkelwa kakuhle ngabemi beli kunye neendwendwe kodwa wahoywa nge-28 ka-Matshi ngamaqela amaninzi osapho kunye nabahlobo ababehlanganisene kumakhaya abucala ukonwabela imozulu entle ngoMatshi 28 kwaye liqela elikhulu kakhulu ababeqokelele eWaianae, e-Oahu ukuba babukele umdlalo weqhude (Iindaba zeHawaii ngoku, 3/28/2020). Nangona kunjalo nge-Matshi 31, izitrato, iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kunye neeyadi zabucala zikhangeleka ngathi ziyinkangala, uninzi lwabantu kwimisebenzi engabalulekanga bahlala emakhaya kwaye bajonga izikhokelo. 

Ukophulwa komgaqo wentlalontle kuye kwaqwalaselwa nakwiivenkile zokutya kunye nakwimigca engaphandle kwevenkile zentengiso. Imigca emide yabantu ibonwe ngaphandle kwezinye iivenkile zokutya e-Oahu kwimizuzu engamashumi amathathu ngaphambi kokuvulwa. Abathengi bavakalise izimvo zabo malunga nokusilela komgama wentlalo kufutshane neendawo zokuphuma. Uqoqosho lokuziphatha lusifundisa ukuba "izikhonkwane ezincinci" zingakhokelela kutshintsho olukhulu kwindlela yokuziphatha kwabathengi. Ukubeka amanqaku amanqaku iinyawo ezintandathu phantsi kufutshane nezitishi zokujonga ukutya kunokukhumbuza abantu ukuba baqwalasele ukudideka ekuhlaleni. Siyabongoza ukuba la mashishini athathe amanyathelo, kubandakanya nudges amancinci, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba abathengi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwivenkile bagcine ukudibana kwezentlalo. Ukunciphisa umda kwinani labantu evenkileni, ukubeka umakishi kumgama kwisitolo sevenkile, kunye nokuthatha ii-online ezikwi-intanethi ngamaxesha okungena evenkileni zonke iindlela ezinokubakho zokwenza ukuba ukusasazeka kwezentlalo kwenzeke ngakumbi. Iivenkile zokutya kufuneka zifune abasebenzi kunye nabathengi ukuba banxibe "izenzele ngokwakho" iimaski ze-DIY ezivenkileni (jonga ingxoxo engezantsi). Iinkonzo ezandisiweyo zokuhanjiswa kwee-odolo ezikwi-intanethi yenye indlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa ukuxinana ngaphakathi kwiivenkile. Umbuso waseHawaii unokucinga ngokucela okanye ukuhlawula ezinye iivenkile zokutya ukuze uhlale uvulekile iiyure ezinde ukunciphisa imigca emide ekuvuleni ivenkile. 

Izilumkiso ezinamandla malunga nokuziphatha okunjalo zikhethwa kunyanzeliso olunzima, njengoko kubalulekile ukuba urhulumente agcine ukuthembeka kwabemi ngexesha apho izigqibo zakhe zibeka iindleko ezinkulu ebantwini. Kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukuze kufundiswe abantu indlela amanyathelo okusasaza eluntwini alunceda ngayo uluhlu olubanzi lwabantu eluntwini kunokuba abeke isohlwayo kwabo babaphulayo. Urhulumente waseHawaii urhulumente kunye nemibutho yezempilo yabucala kufuneka baqwalasele umkhankaso omkhulu wokwazisa uluntu ngenzuzo yokuhlala ekhaya kunye nokuchasana kwezentlalo kokubini kumntu owenza ezi zenzo nakwabanye ekuhlaleni, kubandakanya abantu abadala, abasebenzi bezempilo, kunye nabantu abasengozini. amajoni omzimba. Intengiso eveliswe ngobungcali kunye nolwazi, imiyalezo yemidiya yoluntu kunye namabali eendaba anokuqaqambisa ukubakho kokudluliselwa okungaqhelekanga kwalapha ekhaya, yenze kucace ukuba i-coronavirus iyajikeleza kuluntu lwethu, kwaye yakha umbono wobumbano ekuhlaleni ekukhuseleni uluntu lwethu, ngakumbi i-kūpuna yethu. 

Uluntu ekujoliswe kulo olujikeleze amaqela amakhulu okuqhambuka kwentsholongwane kunye nokufa okuqwalaselweyo apha ekhaya nakwezinye iindawo kunokunceda ukunciphisa inani leendibano ngokuchasene ngokucacileyo kokubini ukuhlala-ekhaya kunye nakwi-odolo yokuphambuka ekuhlaleni. Imizekelo yoku kuqhambuka kuninzi: amalungu osapho angama-24 avavanywe enentsholongwane emva komngcwabo eAlbany, eGeorgia; Amalungu ekwayara angama-46 avavanywe enentsholongwane emva kokuziqhelanisa nabantu abangama-60 bekwayara eMount Vernon, eWashington; Iindwendwe ezingama-25 kwezingama-50 ezathi zavavanywa zisulelekile emva kwepati yama-40 yokuzalwa eWestport, eConnecticut; kunye nabantu abangama-80 abavavanye iintsuku ezintle emva kwenkomfa kwinkampani ye-bio-tech iBiogen eCambridge, eMassachusetts. Ukunika ingxelo ngamaqela endawo kunye nezinto ezinxibelelana nawo kunokunceda abantu ukuba baqonde eyabo kunye neentsapho zabo emngciphekweni. ISebe lezeMpilo laseSingapore lihlala linika ingxelo ngamaqela abawachongileyo. Kwingxelo yabo kaMatshi 27th, bafumene izihloko ezijolise kwiindawo zokusebenzela, kwimisebenzi yesidlo sangokuhlwa, ejimini, ezicaweni nakwizikolo zangaphambi kokufunda. Njengokulandela umkhondo eHawaii kuchonga amaqela ezendawo, amagosa e-DOH kufuneka axele iintlobo zeendawo, umz., Iivenkile ezinkulu okanye amaqela, abangela ukuba abantu bafumane umfanekiso ocacileyo womngcipheko eHawaii. Ngenxa yezizathu zomthetho, abanakho ukubiza iindawo ezithile, kodwa banokwazisa uluntu ngeendidi ngokubanzi zeendawo apho amaqela avelayo avumela abantu ukuba bathathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela kunye ne 'ohana yabo. 

Elinye inyathelo elikhawulezileyo elinokuthathwa ukunciphisa ugqithiso kukukhuthaza wonke umntu ukuba asebenzise iimaski xa esezilungiseleleni. Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo i-CDC kunye ne-WHO bobabini bacebise ngokuchasene noluntu ngokubanzi besebenzisa iimaski, kodwa iziphumo zakutshanje kwintsholongwane ye-COVID-19 zibize eli cebiso. ICDC ngoku iqwalasela kwakhona isikhokelo sayo. Uvavanyo olubanzi lwe-coronavirus kubemi base-Iceland lufumanise ukuba kuphela malunga neepesenti ezingama-50 zabo bavavanya ukuqiniseka ukuba baneempawu ngexesha lovavanyo. Okwangoku, iingxelo zokulandela umkhondo ezivela eSingapore, eJamani naseTshayina zibhale ukuhanjiswa kwabantu abangenawo umqondiso okanye abangaphambi kwempawu. Ngapha koko, uphononongo lwemizekelo yamaqela okuqhambuka kwenzelwe iSingapore kunye neTianjin, e-China kuqikelelwa ukuba phantse isiqingatha sosasazo lwenzeka kubantu ababengaphambi kwempawu.

Ngenxa yezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kweefemasks zokunciphisa i-coronavirus ekusasazeni kwindawo yaseHawaii kubalulekile. Ngelixa isikhokelo se-CDC kunye ne-WHO esandulelayo sithathiwe kwimbono yokuthintela usulelo lomntu ongosulelekanga osebenzisa imaski, siya kugcina ukuba kufuneka ithathwe kumbono wokukhusela amanye amalungu oluntu kubantu abanophawu kunye nobumnene abanophawu bengazi nokuba bosulelekile. Akukho ngxoxo malunga nokusetyenziswa kweefemasks ngabo banomkhuhlane ukunciphisa ukosulela abanye; anciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwamathontsi aqukethe intsholongwane kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwangokunjalo, akufuneki kubekho mpikiswano malunga nokusetyenziswa kweefemasks ukunqanda abo bane-asymptomatic okanye pre-symptomatic coronavirus edlulisela kwabanye. Ukongeza, uphononongo olutsha lubonakalisile ukuba kukwakho nefuthe lokhuselo lweempawu zobuso ezinxitywa ngabo bangosulelekanga. Ngelixa benganikezeli ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo, ebeluchaso ekucebiseni ukusetyenziswa kwabo ngokubanzi, banokulinciphisa ngokubonakalayo ithuba lomntu lokufumana okanye ukusasaza intsholongwane, ngakumbi xa zidityaniswa kukuphambuka kwezentlalo kunye nokuhlamba izandla rhoqo. Uphengululo lophononongo oluninzi lubonakalise iifaskim zokukhusela abasebenzi bezempilo ngokuchasene nomkhuhlane kunye ne-SARS, enye i-coronavirus. Ngelixa abo basesidlangalaleni banokuba mancinci amathuba okuba bazisebenzise ngokuchanekileyo njengabasebenzi bezempilo, kusafuneka banike ukhuseleko oluthile ngokunciphisa ukubekeka kwimeko yongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo kunye ne-coronavirus, ngalo ndlela banciphise umngcipheko wosulelo. 

Ngaba urhulumente waseHawaii kufuneka agunyazise okanye acebise ngamandla ukugqoka imask esidlangalaleni? Uninzi lweendawo eAsia ezazinokuqhambuka okunobhubhane we-SARS kwii-2000s zokuqala zazisele zilungisiwe ngokubonelelwa ngokwaneleyo kweemaski kubasebenzi bezempilo kunye noluntu. Nangona kunjalo, kufuna ukuba abantu baseHawaii banxibe iimaski ezivunyiweyo okanye iimaski ze-N95 ngo-Epreli 2020 kuyacaca ukuba ayizukuphinda isebenze okwexeshana, kuba ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye nabanye abasebenzi abajamelene nokuvezwa kwemihla ngemihla abakwazanga ukufumana izixhobo ezaneleyo zemaski ze-N95 kunye neemaski zotyando. Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka babekwe phambili ngokubaluleka ukuze bafumane iimaski abazifunayo njengoko umngcipheko wabo ungowona mkhulu. Izazinzulu ezininzi zithi iimaski ezisisiseko ze-DIY ezidityaniswe kwii-T-shirts ezinqunqiweyo zinokusebenza ekunciphiseni ukuhambisa kunye neetemplate ezikhoyo kwi-Intanethi ukuzenza. Kananjalo, ukucebisa ngamandla okanye ukufuna ukuba uluntu lunxibe iimaski ze-DIY kude kube kubonelelwa ngakumbi ngezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezinokubakho kungangqina ukuba kuluncedo namhlanje ngelixa iimaski zotyando zinqongophele. Izikhokelo ezivela kwi-CDC echaza ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba i-DIY isebenze kakuhle iya kuba luncedo kumanzi amdaka asekhaya kunye nabathengi be-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthumela umyalezo esidlangalaleni ngokusetyenziswa kweemaski, nokuba kunge-DIY okanye ngotyando, kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo- kufuneka kugxininise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemaski kukongeza ekuzihlukaniseni, ekuphambukeni ekuhlaleni nasekuhlambeni izandla rhoqo, hayi endaweni yazo. Iziphumo ezidibeneyo zalamanyathelo adibeneyo kufuneka zityhalele ukuhanjiswa koluntu kufutshane ne-zero. 

Ngaba ukuqaqanjelwa kwezentlalo kubeyimpumelelo ekunciphiseni ukuhanjiswa koluntu kwizifo ezidlulileyo eUnited States? Kwiminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo ukugqabhuka kwezentlalo kwasindisa ubomi kwizixeko zase-US ngexesha lowesifo saseSpain sika-1918. Amanyathelo afunekayo ekuphambukeni eluntwini abandakanya ukuvalwa kwindibano yoluntu, ukubekwa bucala nokuvalelwa yedwa, kunye nokuvalwa kwezikolo. Iifoto ezivela kwizixeko ezikhulu zase-US ngo-Fall 1918 zibonisa izihlwele zabantu abanxibe iimaski ngelixa besesidlangalaleni. Izifundo ezibini ezinononophelo zifumanise ukuba ukugqabhuka kwezentlalo kwakusebenza kakhulu ekusindiseni ubomi xa iidolophu zase-US zazisa kwangoko kwindyikityha ka-1918 kwaye zange bayisuse kwakamsinya (IBootsma kunye neFerguson, 2007; UMarkel et al., 2007). Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, isifundo esitsha (sokuqala) sifumanisa ukuba iidolophu zase-US zazise amanyathelo okwahlukana koluntu ngaphambili nangakumbi nangobundlongondlongo kungekuphela nje kwabantu abaswelekileyo ngexesha lobhubhane kodwa babekhula ngamandla kwezoqoqosho emva kwesifo (iCorreia, 2020). 

Ngaba ukuqaqanjelwa kwezentlalo kuye kwasebenza kwiminyaka eli-100 kamva ekunciphiseni ukudluliselwa koluntu kwi-coronavirus? Indawo yaseSan Francisco Bay kunye neKing County eWashington bathathe amanyathelo okuqala nawokulwa. Isiphumo? Amatyala amatsha awe ngokukhawuleza. E-United States xa iyonke, obona bungqina bangaphambili buvela kwi-app eyenziwe yinkampani yetekhnoloji yase-US, iKinsa. I-Kinsa ivelisa "i-hi-tech" ye-thermometers ethumela ulwazi lomntu ngamnye kwiqondo lokusebenza elihlanganisa ukufundwa kweqondo lokushisa ngamacandelo e-United States. (Ngelishwa, iHawaii ayibandakanywanga kwimephu yomkhuhlane weKinsa.) Imephu yomkhuhlane kaKinsa ibonisa ukuba "izihloko zomkhuhlane" bezincipha e-United States kwezi veki zimbini zidlulileyo ngo-Matshi, kunye nokuncitshiswa okukhulu kugxile kwiindawo ezithathe amanyathelo okwahlukana kwezentlalo. ukusukela phakathi ku-Matshi (https: // www. kinsahealth.co). Ukuqhamka komkhuhlane omkhulu kufumaneka eFlorida, elinye lamazwe amakhulu okugqibela ukuba amkele i-odolo yokuhlala ekhaya.

Inyathelo lesiThathu

Inyathelo lesithathu ukulawula ubhubhane we-coronavirus ngowona mceli mngeni kwaye ngethamsanqa sele kuqhubeka. Inyathelo lesithathu lelikaRhulumente waseHawaii urhulumente kunye nemibutho yezempilo yabucala yokwandisa ukufumaneka kovavanyo kwilinye kula mabandla mane; ukuvavanya rhoqo bonke abantu abaneempawu zokuphefumla okanye umkhuhlane wecoronavirus; kwiSebe lezeMpilo laseHawaii lokulandela umkhondo wonxibelelwano lwabo bonke abafunyenwe benesifo secoronavirus kunye nokunyanzelisa ukwahlulwa kunye nokulungiselela okanye ukubonelela ngononophelo kubantu abagulayo nabasesichengeni de isifo siqhubeke. 

Ukwandisa kunye noVavanyo loVavanyo eHawaii. 

IHawaii sele ikula mazwe mathathu aphezulu kuvavanyo lomntu ngamnye lwe-coronavirus nangona sikwisikhundla esiphakathi kwamazwe alishumi asezantsi kumatyala omntu ngamnye. Uninzi lwezithintelo zokuqala kumandla ovavanyo luye lwalungiswa kwaye uRhulumente ngoku uyakwazi ukuqhuba malunga ne-1,500 yeemvavanyo ze-antigen ngemini (Star-Advertiser 3/30/2020) uninzi lwezo vavanyo ziqhutywa kwiilebhu zabucala kunye neziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo Ilebhu kaRhulumente. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zingaphezulu kwe-10,000 285 iimvavanyo esele zenziwe kwaye zingama-XNUMX izinto ezifumanekayo. 

Inkqubo yovavanyo kufuneka isebenze kwiinjongo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekwakheni impendulo eqinileyo: 

Ukuphucula ukhathalelo lwezigulana kunye nokuvumela izilumkiso ezifanelekileyo ukuba zithathwe kuseto lokhathalelo lwempilo ukukhusela ababoneleli bokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nezinye izigulana (iimvavanyo zeantigen); 

Ukuchonga abo basebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nabanye abasebenzi ababalulekileyo abanemisebenzi efuna ukuhlangana ngokubanzi noluntu esele lubuyile kusulelo lwe-coronavirus kwaye banokuba nokhuseleko (kuvavanyo lwe-antibody); 

Ukuchonga abafowunelwa abasondeleyo kuwo onke amatyala aqinisekileyo ukwenzela ukuba kulandelwe unxibelelwano ukuze kwenziwe umkhondo kunye nokubabeka bodwa okanye babeke bodwa abo bathintelwe ukuthintela usulelo ekusasazeni ngakumbi (iimvavanyo ze-antigen); 

Ukuphonononga inani lamatyala eluntwini ukuze kugqitywe ubhubhane kwaye kusetyenziswe ukukhokela izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ekuphakamiseni amanyathelo okwehla kwezentlalo kunye nezithintelo zohambo (zovavanyo lwe-antigen kunye ne-antibody). 

Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe eHawaii ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yethu yovavanyo inokugcwalisa nganye yezi zinto zibalulekileyo? 

Ukunyuka kwamacandelo abucala kunye novavanyo lukarhulumente kuvumele ukuvavanywa kwazo zonke izigulana ezibonisa iimpawu kwizibhedlele kunye nezo zichongwe njengezinto ezinokwenzeka ngoochwephesha ukuba zenziwe, kodwa kusekho ukulibaziseka ekunikeni iziphumo. Kuya kuba luncedo ukusebenzela ukufumana uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwendawo yokhathalelo njengoko ziya kubakho ukukhawulezisa ukuxilonga kunye nokuphucula ukhathalelo. Oku kuyakuvumela ukuba imisebenzi yokujonga umkhondo iqalwe ngokukhawuleza, eya kuthi ibenakho ukuthintela ukuhanjiswa koluntu ngakumbi. 

Kuba i-coronavirus ibonakalisa iimpawu kubantu abaninzi abosulelekileyo kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-14, ukuvavanywa kwabo baneempawu zeklinikhi kunokubonisa uninzi losulelo ekuhlaleni. Uninzi lwabo banezifo ezinamandla kusenokwenzeka ukuba babonakale kwizigulana ezingalaliswayo okanye kwiiofisi zoogqirha. Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, kuphela iseti encinci yeesampuli kwinkqubo yokujonga umkhuhlane evavanyelwa ukubekwa kweliso kwe-coronavirus. Ukuba siza kuphumeza umkhondo owoneleyo wokunxibelelana nokufumana iimeko ezininzi ezisebenzayo ze-coronavirus eHawaii kwaye sizisuse okwethutyana kubemi ukuze zingosuleli abanye, olu vavanyo kufuneka lwandiswe ukugubungela bonke abantu abanempawu abadibana nenkcazo efanelekileyo yeklinikhi. Ewe kunjalo, oku kufuneka kudityaniswe nomkhondo wokudibana okusebenzayo kuwo onke amatyala. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, amaqela e-coronavirus osulelo angaba makhulu kwaye akhule ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza, inyathelo elinobukhali liyafuneka ukuba siza kubamba ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane eluntwini. Uvavanyo olunzulu ibeluphawu lwempendulo yaseSingapore, apho uninzi lweemeko ezihlangabezana nenkcazo yeempawu ezivavanyiweyo kuvavanywa kukhathalelo lokuqala, isibhedlele kunye noseto lokhathalelo lwabucala. Ukongeza, ngoku bavavanya lonke unxibelelwano kwisigulana se-COVID-19. Ukulandela umkhondo wonxibelelwano kwenziwa kuzo zonke izinto ezintle, kwaye, njengoko bekuxeliwe ngaphambili, ezi nzame zichonge amaqela amaninzi osulelo. 

Inkqubo yedatha ejikeleze uvavanyo kufuneka iphuculwe ukuqinisekisa ulwazi oluyimfuneko lokukhokela impendulo luqokelelwa kuvavanyo lonke olwenziwe, nokuba kukwilebhu zikaRhulumente okanye kwiilebhu zabucala. Oku kufuneka kubandakanya izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinje ngobudala, isini, umsebenzi, ubuhlanga kunye nembali yokuhamba. Kula vavanyo luqinisekileyo, udliwanondlebe olunzulu kufuneka lwenziwe ukuze kuchongwe abafowunelwa abasondeleyo kunye nabanye abanokuba benokubhengeza okukhulu. Injongo yoku kuqokelelwa kwedatha kukubonelela ngobukrelekrele obunokubakho malunga nobhubhane. Ezi datha zinokuhlalutywa rhoqo ukuchonga ukuba iminyaka ethile okanye iindidi zomsebenzi zinamava aphakamileyo e-coronavirus, anokubangela imiyalezo yomeleleyo yezempilo yoluntu kulawo maqela. Idityaniswe neenkcazo ezipheleleyo zamaqela njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, olu lwazi lunokugcina uluntu lunolwazi kwaye lubakhuthaze ukomeleza amanyathelo okhuseleko. 

Ekugqibeleni, ukusetyenziswa kwecandelo lokuvavanywa kwe-antibody kuya kwenza ukuba kube nakho ukufumanisa ukuba leliphi iqhezu labemi esele linayo i-coronavirus. Xa ezi mvavanyo zifumaneka, oku kufanele ukuba kube yinto eyongezelelweyo kwinkqubo yokujonga i-coronavirus. Ukwazi inani labantu eluntwini abanomkhuhlane othile wokuphinda usuleleke kuya kukhokela izigqibo malunga nokuhlala ekhaya kunye neodolo zokuphambuka ekuhlaleni kwaye ziya kubonelela ngokuthe ngqo ngendlela efanelekileyo ngayo. Iya kuthi ichonge ubukho babemi kwindyikityha yokuphinda iphinde ibekho ukuba i-coronavirus ibuyiselwe kwakhona ngomhla olandelayo. Ukuba iimeko ezitsha zeempawu phantsi kolawulo olwandisiweyo lovavanyo ziphantsi kolawulo okanye ukuxhaphaka kwabemi kokuvezwa kwangaphambili kuphantsi, olu vavanyo lwabemi lunokwenziwa rhoqo. Ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lwe-antibody lwenziwa lufumaneke ngokubanzi, inokunceda ekunciphiseni inkxalabo yabantu malunga nenqanaba labo okanye ukubanceda babone ukuba kukhuselekile na ukubuyela emsebenzini. 

UkuKhangela ngokuBanzi ngokuBanzi

Ukulandela umkhondo wonxibelelwano kubalulekile kulawulo lwengxaki ye-coronavirus eHawaii. Kukuthini ukulandelwa koqhagamshelo ngesiqhelo kubandakanya? Xa umntu kuvavanywa ukuba une-coronavirus, umsebenzi wezempilo woluntu unxibelelana naloo mntu ngomnxeba, ngefowuni, okanye ngenkomfa yevidiyo kwaye ubuza loo mntu ukuba anikezele ngolwazi kubo bonke abantu ababenxibelelana nabo kwezi veki zintathu zidlulileyo. Oku kubandakanya amalungu osapho, amaqabane (amaqabane) asondeleyo, abantu ababonelela ngononophelo ekhayeni ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izilumkiso zokuthintela usulelo, kunye nabantu abanonxibelelwano olusondeleyo (<iinyawo ezi-6) ixesha elide. Amagosa ezempilo oluntu asebenzise olu lwazi ukunxibelelana naba bantu banokuvezwa. Bayacelwa ukuba baxele ubushushu babo ngomnxeba okanye bababonise ngenkomfa yevidiyo, kwaye bayacelwa ukuba bazenze bodwa iintsuku ezili-14. Ukuba zibonisa iimpawu, bayacelwa ukuba bavavanywe ukumisela imeko yabo ye-coronavirus. Ukuzikhetha ngokwakho kuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abanokubhenceka ngokwabo ababonakalisi abanye abantu emakhayeni abo okanye kwiindawo zokusebenzela ngelixa uvavanyo lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni iimeko ezilungileyo kubantu esele bebonisa iimpawu. 

Ngaba inokuba nemveliso kangakanani inkqubo yokulandela umkhondo ekunxibelelaneni nayo ekufumaneni abanye abantu abosuleleke yi-COVID-19? Kuxhomekeke ekubeni abasebenzi be-DOH banganxibelelana ngokukhawuleza kangakanani nabantu abanokuvezwa yimeko ethile, kuba unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo kunye nokuzimela wedwa komntu oveziweyo kunciphisa ithuba lokuba umntu oveziweyo ayosasaze intsholongwane kwabanye abantu. ISingapore, enenkqubo yokulandela umkhondo enobundlongondlongo, ilandelele ama-53 amatyala ayo okuqala ali-100 ngokulandelelana kwesivumelwano. Ukulandelwa koqhakamshelwano kunemveliso kakhulu xa inani lamatyala liyipesenti encinci yabemi. Njengoko inani lamatyala linyuka, kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi kwinani eliqingqiweyo labanxibelelanisi ukuze benze imisebenzi yabo. Cinga ukuba amatyala ayo okuqala angama-432 aqinisekisiweyo, iSebe lezeMpilo laseSingapore lachonga abafowunelwa abasondeleyo abayi-10,346 abathi bonke bacelwa ukuba bangene kwiintsuku ezili-14. Nje ukuba abafowunelwa babonakalise ukuvalelwa bodwa, urhulumente wase-Singapore ubeka iliso kubantu kwizicelo zefowuni eziqinisekisa indawo abakuyo. Abantu ababekelwe bodwa kufuneka bafake iifoto zabo kwindawo yabo yokuvalelwa qho kwiiyure ezimbalwa. 

Icandelo lezempilo kwamanye amazwe liphethukele kwizitrato zonxibelelwano ezingezizo ezesiko njengoko iimfuno ziye zadlula kubasebenzi babo bokujongana nengxaki. IZiko leSizwe lase-Iceland lokuLungelelanisa iiNtlekele liphethukele kubaphenyi abanamava ukuze benze umkhondo wokunxibelelana nabantu. Abasebenzi abongezelelekileyo banceda iZiko ekufumaneni abafowunelwa abatyhilekileyo bamatyala amatsha ngokukhawuleza kwaye bababeka phantsi kweentsuku ezili-14 zokuvalelwa. I-caseload yaseHawaii ikhule ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kalishumi kwezi veki zimbini zidlulileyo, ikhula ukusuka kumatyala angama-26 nge-Matshi 19 ukuya kuma-285 amatyala ngo-Epreli 2. Ukulandela abafowunelwa kumatyala amatsha kuwonyuse kakhulu umthwalo kwiCandelo loLawulo lokuQhambuka kweSifo seHawaii DOH . Ngenani lamatyala amatsha ekulindeleke ukuba ande ngokubonakalayo njengoko uvavanyo lusenziwa, i-DOH kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ukuba ingabonyusa njani abasebenzi bayo bokulandela umkhondo. Mhlawumbi i-DOH inokulandela ukukhokela kwe-Iceland kwaye ithathele ingqalelo ukusebenzisa ngoku abacuphi isixeko kunye nabaphenyi besithili. (Ulwaphulo-mthetho luwile ngexesha lobhubhane.) Intsebenziswano phakathi koorhulumente kunye noorhulumente kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi inokukunceda oku. Okanye, ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamapolisa kuphakamisa inkxalabo yenkululeko yoluntu, mhlawumbi i-DOH inokujonga kuqeqesho lootitshala abavela kwiSebe lezeMfundo laseHawaii lokunceda. Okwangoku abasetyenziswanga, ngenxa yokunqunyanyiswa komyalelo wesikolo sikarhulumente. 

Ngaba iHawaii iya kudinga iqela elikhulu lokulandela umkhondo xa ubhubhane sele ulawula ngakumbi kulo nyaka? Nje ukuba iRhuluneli Ige ithathe isigqibo sokuyekisa ukuhlala-ekhaya kwaye abantu baqale ukunxibelelana rhoqo, ukubakho kokunyuka kokuqhambuka kwamatyala amatsha e-coronavirus. Ukuqhambuka okunjalo kuya kwenzeka ngexesha apho iHawaii inokuthi ibe yimpumelelo ekukhuseleni uninzi lwabemi ekubeni bosuleleke. Iphuli enkulu yabantu abangenachaphazeleka ibonelela ngendalo echumileyo yamatyala amatsha ambalwa ukuba aqhume ngokukhawuleza abe ngamaqela amakhulu amatyala amatsha. Oku kungathintelwa ukuba i-DOH yaseHawaii ibinabasebenzi abaninzi abanamava kwinkqubo yokulandela umkhondo abanokuthi baphendule ngokukhawuleza kumatyala amatsha ngokuchonga abafowunelwa abangavezwanga kunye nokuhamba bodwa. Ezo zenzo zinamandla amakhulu okuqulatha nakuphi na ukuqhambuka okungagungqiyo kunye nokugcina inani lamatyala amatsha ukusuka ekunyukeni ukuya kwinqanaba elinokuthi lifune ukumiselwa kwenkqubo entsha yokuhlala ekhaya kunye namanye amanyathelo othintelo. 

Ukubekwa bucala kwindawo ohlala kuyo

Ukuvavanywa kunye nokulandelelwa koqhagamshelo kusebenza kuphela xa abantu abanentsholongwane bezahlula bodwa de isifo siqhubeke, kwaye abantu abachaphazeleke kwintsholongwane bazihlukanise bade bafumane iziphumo zovavanyo. Ukubekwa wedwa kuququzelelwa xa kukho izibonelelo ezinokubhenela kubantu abanentsholongwane okanye abasesichengeni sentsholongwane. Ingxelo kaGottlieb (iphe. 6) icebisa ukuba “[c] indawo ezingabalulekanga, ezisimahla mazibonelelwe kumatyala nakwabo banxibelelana nabo abakhetha ukuhlala bodwa, ukuvalelwa bodwa, kunye nonyango kude nekhaya. Umzekelo, ilungu lekhaya elikhulu linokunqwenela ukuphinda liphile kwigumbi lehotele elibuyiselwe ngokutsha kunokuba libe semngciphekweni wokosulela amalungu osapho. Ukuhlaliswa bodwa nokuvalelwa kude nabantu ekhaya akufuneki kube sisinyanzelo okanye unyanzelwe. ” EHawaii, apho iintsapho ezininzi zihlala kumagumbi amancinci okanye iikhondomu, ukubekwa bucala okanye ukubekwa wedwa ekhaya kunzima kwaye kubeka umngcipheko kwamanye amalungu osapho. 

Umbuso waseHawaii kufuneka uchonge izibonelelo kwisiqithi ngasinye apho abantu abatyhilekileyo banokubekwa bodwa kwaye bakhathalelwe. Abagqatswa abanokubakho baquka iihotele kwizithili zabakhenkethi nakubumelwane okanye kwizindlu ezingenabantu zomkhosi, ezinje ngeKauea Military Camp. Umbuso unokugxila okokuqala kumaziko aseburhulumenteni nakwizithili apho kungafuneki ukuba axoxisane nabanini babucala ukuba basebenzise. Oko kwathethi, urhulumente sele ethetha-thethana nabaqhubi behotele ukuba basebenzise iihotele zabo njengezinto zokuvalela abantu abachaphazeleke kwi-coronavirus okanye njengezixhobo zonyango kubantu abanentsholongwane. 

Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ukuphucula ukulandelela, ukuhlala wedwa kunye nokuvalelwa kwabantu

Ngenxa yomthwalo omkhulu olandelwa kukulandela umkhondo kwi-DOH, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngakumbi ekusebenziseni itekhnoloji yedijithali ukunceda ezi nzame zibalulekileyo. Iifowuni eziphathwayo zinokunceda ngeendlela ezininzi. ESingapore, usetyenziso oluselfowuni olukhutshelwe ngokuzithandela olubizwa ngokuba yiTraceTogether isebenzisa iBluetooth ukungena kwezinye iifowuni ebezisondele kangangexesha elithile, ziqokelela kuphela inombolo yazo yeselfowuni. Ukuba umntu onolu vavanyo lwe-app ulungile, abasebenzi bezempilo boluntu banokusebenzisa le datha ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza kunye nokubiza abafowunelwa abasondeleyo. Kumazwe aliqela athe abona ukukhula okucothayo kobhubhane, iifowuni eziphathwayo zisetyenziselwa ukulandelela ukuthotyelwa kwemiyalelo yokuzahlula wedwa. Ukuba umntu ophantsi komyalelo wokuvalelwa yedwa ushiya indawo ahlala kuyo yedwa, bayaqhagamshelana nabasebenzi bezempilo bakarhulumente ukuphucula ukuthotyelwa. Ukongeza, njengemephu kwiNew York Times ngo-Epreli 2 ibonakalise kwilizwe liphela, idatha engaziwayo evela kwiitora zeseli ingasetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni ukuthotyelwa kwabantu ngokuhambelana neemfuno zokuhlala ekhaya ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le ndlela inye inokusetyenziswa ngokulula kuseto lombuso, ukubonelela ngobukrelekrele obubalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwalo mgaqo-nkqubo ubalulekileyo. Ukuthelekisa oku kunye nokuqhubekayo kumatyala achaziweyo kunokubonelela ngesinye isalathi sokwandisa ukuhanjiswa koluntu. Ngokucacileyo, ekwamkeleni nayiphi na kwezi ndlela e-United States, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo iimfuno zabucala kunye neemfuno zomthetho; kodwa neYurophu eyaziyo eyimfihlo ngoku ithathela ingqalelo ukwamkela ezinye zazo (INew York Times, 3/30/2020). 

Ngokuthe ngcembe ilizwe eliyekelelayo lathintela imiqobo- imigaqo esisiseko:

Inyathelo lesine ekulawuleni ubhubhane we-coronavirus kukuba urhulumente athi chu aphumle ekuhlaleni nasezindleleni ekugxothweni kwezindululo kunye nemiyalelo kwaye avumele imisebenzi yezoqoqosho ebandakanya amaqela adityaniswe kwindawo, umzekelo, indawo yokusebenza, ukuba iqhubeke kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo olukhulu. Zombini ezi modeli zisebenza kwi-COVID-19 kunye namava ngo-1918 umkhuhlane ubonakalisile ukuba xa amanyathelo okwehla kwezentlalontle eyekile, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokuphinda ubenentsholongwane, oko kukuthi, ubhubhane luqala ngokukhawuleza kwakhona. I-odolo yendawo yokuhlala enendawo yokuhlala kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuphambuka koluntu xa ushiya ikhaya uyokufumana ukutya okanye ukuhanjiswa kusebenza ngokukuko ekukhuseleni abantu ekungeneni kwisifo secoronavirus. Nangona kunjalo, oko kubashiya besengozini yokufumana intsholongwane, ukudala amandla okuba ubhubhane uphinde uvuke ukuba abantu babuyele kwiindlela zabo ezindala zokuhlangana ngokwamaqela. Ke ngoko, kukho iimfuno ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokuthintela ukuthotywa: 1) kufuneka zisuswe kuphela xa sinenkqubo yokubeka esweni eyomeleleyo enokuthi ikhawuleze ikubone ukubuyela kwakhona kulo bhubhane; kunye 2) nezithintelo kufuneka zikhutshwe ngokuthe chu kunye nefuthe lokususa kwabo kubekwe iliso ukuqinisekisa ubhubhane oluhlala lukhona. Ukuba ubhubhane uyabuya, kufuneka sikulungele ukuphinda sibeke imiqobo ngokukhawuleza. Iyeza lokugonya elisebenzayo nelisasazwa ngokubanzi liyakwenza ukuba izithintelo zingafuneki, kodwa njengoko uGqirha Anthony Fauci etshilo ukuba ziinyanga ezili-12-18 zikwimeko enethemba. 

Kude kube kunyangwe unyango olusebenzayo okanye isitofu sokugonya okanye uvavanyo lwe-antigen kunye ne-antibody lube ngexabiso eliphantsi, lichaneke, likhawuleze kwaye lifumaneke ngokubanzi, eminye imisebenzi yezoqoqosho ayizukuqhubeka kwakhona. Eli candelo ligxile kwimisebenzi enokuthi iqale ngokutsha xa sele ihlelwe ngokutsha ngeendlela ezonyusa ukhuseleko lwabanikezeli kunye nabathengi. 

Uya kuba nini ubhubhane waseHawaii owonele ngokwaneleyo ukuphumla ezinye izithintelo zikarhulumente? Ingxelo yeGottlieb (iphe. 6) inika amanyathelo amane obungqongqo bhubhane anokusetyenziswa njengemigaqo nguRhulumente waseHawaii ukuchonga xa iimeko zivuma ukuphakanyiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwemiyalelo yokuhlala ekhaya. Iikhrayitheriya zeNgxelo yeGottlieb, ehlelwe kancinci ukuze ilingane neemeko ezithile zaseHawaii, landela: 

Xa uRhulumente waseHawaii enika ingxelo yokuncitshiswa okuzinzileyo kwenani lamatyala amatsha kangangeentsuku ezili-14 okt, ixesha elinye lokufukama; 

Izibhedlele kwingingqi nganye zikwazi ukunyanga zonke izigulana ezifuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele (kuzo zombini i-COVID-19 kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango) ngaphandle kokubhenela kwimigangatho yonyango kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuphuphuma, ezinje ngamabala emidlalo kunye namaziko endibano, ukubonelela ngononophelo lwesibhedlele izigulane; 

Urhulumente waseHawaii uchonga amandla oluntu olwaneleyo nawabucala okuvavanya bonke abantu abaneempawu zecoronavirus; 

iSebe lezeMpilo laseHawaii linamandla okwenza ukubekwa esweni okusebenzayo kwabo bonke abantu abaneempawu ze-coronavirus, ekufuneka begcinwe bodwa kwaye balandele abafowunelwa abasondeleyo. 

Nje ukuba iikhrayitheriya ezine zifezekiswe, iRhuluneli u-Ige unokucinga ngokususa iiodolo zokuhlala ekhaya nasekudibaniseni ngendlela yezigaba. Isigaba sokuqala kukususa i-odolo yokuhlala ekhaya kwabo bangekho emngciphekweni omkhulu kwiziphumo ezibi ze-COVID-19, ngelixa kugcinwa okanye kucetyiswa ngamandla abasesichengeni (abantu abadala okanye abo baneemeko esele zikhona ezibabeka kwi-COVID ephezulu umngcipheko) ukuhlala ekhaya okanye ukubuyela emsebenzini kuphela ukuba indawo yokuphambuka ekuhlaleni inokuqinisekiswa. Njengoko ulungelelwaniso lokuhlala ekhaya luphakanyisiwe, imigaqo eyongezelelweyo yokugcina ukugqabhuka kwezentlalo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke nezendawo yokusebenza zinokubekwa. I-Singapore, umzekelo, iphawula zonke ezinye izihlalo kwiivenkile zokutyela kunye neefestile njengemida yokunyusa ukungahambelani kwezentlalo kwezi ndawo. IHong Kong ifuna ukuba iivenkile zokutyela zisebenze ngaphandle kwesiqingatha somthamo ngaphandle kwabantu abayi-4 kwitafile nganye kunye nesithuba esiqinisekisiweyo se-1.5m phakathi kweetafile. Kuxhomekeke kuseto lwendawo yokusebenza, imigaqo eyahlukeneyo inokwamkelwa ukugcina iinkqubo zokuhambisa kude kuluntu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Wonke umntu kusafuneka acelwe ukuba ahlambe izandla rhoqo kwaye agcine umgama wabo kwabanye, nakwindawo yokusebenzela. Onke amashishini kunye neendawo zokusebenzela kufanele ukuba zibonelele ngezococeko lwezandla kwiindawo ekurhweba ngazo kakhulu. Ngamafutshane, zonke iindlela ezinokubakho zokunciphisa ubukho be-coronavirus echaphazeleka kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo kufuneka zithathwe. 

Izibonelelo zezindlu ezinabantu abasesichengeni banokufuna ukuphumla ukuthintela iindwendwe kunye nokuhamba kwabahlali ngaphakathi kwezixhobo ngokuthe chu. Ingxelo kaGottlieb (iphe. 8) icebisa ukuba “makuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo kumaziko onyango lwexesha elide nakumakhaya abalupheleyo. La maziko azakudinga ukugcina amanqanaba aphezulu okuthintela nokusuleleka kwiinzame zokuthintela uqhambuko. ” Abemi abasesichengeni "kufuneka baqhubeke nokuzibandakanya emzimbeni kude kube sekhona isitofu, unyango olufanelekileyo luyafumaneka, okanye akusekho kusasazwa koluntu." La manqaku alumkisayo asebenza ngamandla eHawaii apho ngaphezulu kweepesenti ezili-18 zabemi be-2018 babeneminyaka engama-65 okanye ngaphezulu. 

Ukongeza, njengoko le miyalelo iguqulwa, iRhuluneli inokufuna ukuqaphela ukuqinisa isindululo sikarhulumente sokunxiba iimaski esidlangalaleni kwaye sandise iinyanga ezininzi. Ukuba izindululo zethu ezibonelelwe ngentla ziyaphunyezwa, bonke abahlali baseHawaii bayakube benxibe izigqubuthelo ezisisiseko ze-DIY esidlangalaleni ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli 2020. Nangona kunjalo, kwakube kuthotyelwe imiqobo yokubonelela ngeemaski zotyando KANYE nokususwa kwenkqubo yokuhlala kukarhulumente ekhaya, emva koko Iya kubaluleka ngakumbi kuye wonke umntu ukuba asebenzise iimaski zoqhaqho ezisebenza ngakumbi kwiindawo zikawonkewonke ukubuyekeza umngcipheko owongezelelweyo oza nonxibelelwano olungakumbi. Njengokuba abantu abaninzi beshiya amakhaya abo rhoqo, kuyakubakho ukonyuka kokonyusa intlalontle kunye nokubanakho okuphezulu kokonyuka kosulelo olutsha, nokuba kukwindawo enepesenti esezantsi yabantu abane-coronavirus abosulelekileyo kunanamhlanje. Ukufuna abantu ukuba banxibe iimaski zoqhaqho kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kangangeenyanga ezininzi emva kokuba iiodolo zokuhlala ekhaya ziphumlile kunokunceda ukuthintela ukudluliselwa okungagungqiyo, ukunciphisa inani le-coronavirus emoyeni nakwimiphezulu, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ubhubhane awukhumbuli ngokukhawuleza. 

Ukuqalisa uQoqosho oluNgekho kwezoKhenketho

Makhe siqwalasele ukuvula kwakhona uqoqosho lwaseHawaii olungelokhenketho kuqala. Ukuvula kwakhona uqoqosho olungelokhenketho kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kubalwa iipesenti ezingama-77 zeGDP yaseHawaii. Nje ukuba iRhuluneli yokuhlala ekhaya-oda iphakanyisiwe, evaliweyo okanye inxenye yokuvalwa kwamashishini iya kuphinda iqale ukusebenza kwaye baya kulungelelanisa njani ukulungiselela ukubekwa kude kuluntu? Elinye inyathelo lethutyana ekufuneka amashishini athabathe kulo (de kuphuhliswe isitofu sokugonya) kukufumana abasebenzi abane-coronavirus antibody yovavanyo elungileyo ukuthatha imisebenzi efuna unxibelelwano olusondeleyo nabanye abasebenzi okanye abathengi. Ingxelo kaGottlieb (iphe. 9) icebisa ukuba abantu abaneemvavanyo ezincomekayo zomzimba omzimba banokubuyela emsebenzini, basebenze kwindima ezinobungozi ezinje ngezo zingaphambili kwinkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo, kwaye basebenze kwindima ezixhasa ukusebenza koluntu ebantwini. nangoku abakude emzimbeni. ” U-Emanuel (2020) ucebisa ukuba abantu abane-antibody abanesifo banokusebenza kwaye baphathe iivenkile kunye neeresityu. Konke okuthethileyo, kukho iinkxalabo eziqhubekayo malunga namandla okhuselo lokhuselo olunikezwa yi-coronavirus antibody kunye nexesha apho ukhuseleko luhlala khona (WSJ, 4/2/2020). Uphando kule ndawo kufuneka lubekwe esweni kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo itshintshwe xa kufuneka njalo. 

Silindele ukuba phantse onke amashishini aza kuphinda ahlele imisebenzi ubuncinci ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile ukwandisa ukhuseleko lwabathengi kunye nabasebenzi. Ingxelo kaGottlieb (iphe. 8) iyavuma, iphikisa ngelithi “amanyathelo okhuseleko asuka emzimbeni ahlala eyinto eqhelekileyo emva kokuyekiswa kokuhlala ekhaya, kubandakanya nokusebenza ngomnxeba (kangangoko kunokwenzeka), ukugcina ucoceko lwesandla kunye nendlela yokuziphatha yokuphefumla, ukunxiba isigqubuthelo esidlangalaleni, sibulala iintsholongwane rhoqo kwiindawo ekuchukunyiswa kakhulu kuzo, kwaye ekuqaleni sinciphisa ukubuthana kwabantu abangaphantsi kwama-50. ” Isakhono samashishini sokuhlengahlengisa ukulungiselela iimfuno zabasebenzi kunye nokhuseleko lwabathengi ziyahluka kakhulu. Abanye baya kuyilungelelanisa ngokupheleleyo yonke imisebenzi yabo, uninzi luya kwenza utshintsho ukuqinisekisa ukudideka eluntwini, kwaye abanye baya kufumana olo tshintsho lungenakuthenjwa kwaye bavale iingcango zabo. Amashishini aneendleko eziphezulu zokubonelela ngokhuseleko lwabathengi aya kuncipha ngobungakanani ukuba abathengi banokufumana ngokulula iimveliso ezizezinye (cinga iindawo zemiboniso bhanyabhanya kunye neeklasi ezinkulu zokufundisa), kodwa banokwandisa ubungakanani ukuba abathengi bafumana iimveliso zeshishini zibalulekile kwaye bezimisele ukuhlawula iindleko eziphezulu ezifunekayo kubasebenzi ukuvelisa ezi mpahla kunye neenkonzo ngokukhuselekileyo kubathengi (cinga ukwakhiwa kwamakhaya). Amanye amashishini anexabiso eliphantsi lokubonelela ukhuseleko lwabathengi kunye nabasebenzi aya kuthi andise kwaye achume (cinga ngeenkonzo ezikwi-Intanethi). Ekupheleni kosuku, imfuno yamanyathelo okhuseleko ongezelelweyo ngabasebenzi kunye nabathengi iya kuba kukutsala kuqoqosho lwaseHawaii olunokuthi luqhubeke iminyaka eliqela, ngelixa lihamba ixesha elide iimeko eziguqukileyo zeefemu, abathengi kunye nabasebenzi ziya kukhuthaza amaza ezintsha eziza kubeka uqoqosho kunye noluntu kwiindlela ezingaziwayo namhlanje. 

Xa i-odolo lokuhlala ekhaya liphelile, amashishini axhomekeke kwinani elikhulu labantu abahlanganayo kwiindawo ezixineneyo kuya kufuneka baphinde bacinge ngemodeli yeshishini labo de kugonywe abantu baseHawaii. Imizekelo ibandakanya imivalo, iiklabhu, ezinye iivenkile zokutyela, iindibano, iinkomfa, iiklasi zokufundisa zaseyunivesithi, iminyhadala yezemidlalo, iikonsathi, imidlalo yeqonga, kunye neemyuziyam. Olunye ukhetho kwezi ndawo kukuvumela abantu abambalwa kwisithuba sabo, ngaloo ndlela bavumela bonke abathengi baziqhelanise nomgama ekuhlaleni. Cinga ngoku ngendlela yokutyela enokuthi isabele ngayo xa kuphakanyiswa iiodolo zasekhaya. Masicinge ukuba indawo eyongezelelweyo efunekayo phakathi kwabathengi inokufezekiswa ngokususa isiqingatha seetafile zokutyela. Oku kuya kunciphisa ezinye iindleko zokutyela ezahluka ngokwenani labathengi, njengabalungiseleli, abapheki beebhasi, kunye neendleko zokutya, kodwa kusaza kushiya iivenkile zokulwa zisokola indlela yokuhlawula irente kunye nezinye iindleko ezingapheliyo nabathengi abambalwa. Iinkqubo ezimbini zomdibaniso zisetelwe ukunceda abanini beevenkile kunye nabasebenzi ngentwasahlobo yowama-2020. 

Kunzima ukucinga ukuba iziganeko ezibandakanya izihlwele ezikhulu, ezinje ngomdlalo webhola we-UH okanye umdlalo we-UH Wahine wevolleyball ungabanjwa ngokukhuselekileyo de kuphuhliswe isitofu. Kulula ukubabonisa abalandeli abangama-50,000 XNUMX bejonge kumabonwakude kumakhaya abo, bebukele ibhola okanye umdlalo wevolibholi odlalwa ngaphandle kwabalandeli kwizitendi. Ukuze oku kwenzeke, abadlali kunye nemiba yokhuseleko lwabasebenzi kuya kufuneka isonjululwe. Cinga ukuba xa uMbutho weSizwe weBhola yeBhola ekhatywayo (i-NBA) wafumanisa ukuba umdlali omnye weenkwenkwezi, uRudy Gobert we-Utah Jazz, wayevavanyiwe ukuba une-HIV, wayivala ngoko nangoko ixesha layo. Imicimbi efanayo iya kuyikhathaza nayiphi na inzame yokudlala i-NFL okanye iikholeji zebhola ekhatywayo. Okanye i-UH Wahine volleyball. 

Sinokubona iindibano ezinkulu-ezixhomekeke kubantu abaninzi ababandakanyeka kwiminyhadala kwiihotele ezixineneyo okanye kwiziko lendibano-behamba kwimodeli ekwi-intanethi kunye neeseshoni ze-intanethi, iiseshini zamaqela amancinci kwi-Intanethi, nakwii-cocktail party ezikwi-Intanethi. Ngelishwa, ezo nkomfa ze-Intanethi azizukubonelela ngentuthuzelo encinci kwinani elikhulu labasebenzi baseHawaii ababonelela ngendawo yokuhlala, izidlo kunye nokuzonwabisa kwiindwendwe zendibano ezingasatyeleliyo. 

Maninzi amashishini nemisebenzi exhomekeke kufutshane nosondeleyo lobuqu-iisaluni zeenwele, i-massage, ugqirha wamazinyo, iinkonzo zamehlo, iinkonzo zempilo-kunye nezinye apho abathengi basebenzisa izixhobo ezifanayo, ezinje ngeejingi. Nokuba la mashishini aza kuba nakho ukuqala ngokutsha ngempumelelo phambi kokuba isitofu sifumaneke ngumbuzo ovulekileyo kwaye kungenzeka ukuba uxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile zeshishini ngalinye nakwabaxhasi babo. Amashishini anokucinga ngokujonga ubushushu bemihla ngemihla babasebenzi abanonxibelelwano nabathengi abaninzi. 

Kuthekani ngezikolo ze-K-12? Kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-odolo yokuhlala ekhaya kukaRhuluneli Ige iyakusebenza ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukuthintela ukugqitywa konyaka wesikolo we-2019-2020 woluntu kunye nabucala abafundi be-K-12. Ukuba i-odolo yokuhlala ekhaya iphakanyiswa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo, urhulumente angacinga ngokusebenza noMbutho wooTitshala waseHawaii ukufumana indlela yokugqiba unyaka wesikolo ngoku ehlotyeni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abasileli ngasemva ekufundiseni kufuneka kube yinto ephambili kurhulumente nootitshala. Xa izikolo zikarhulumente nezabucala ziqala ngokutsha ukufundisa abantu, abalawuli kuya kufuneka benze amalungiselelo abantwana abasengozini yokugonyeka kunye nootitshala abadala kunye nabanye abasebenzi abaya kuba sesichengeni sokuqhambuka kwesi sifo phakathi kwabafundi babo abancinci. Olunye ukhetho lokunciphisa ukubonwa kootitshala abakhulileyo abasengozini kukubanika okwethutyana ukuba bafundise iiklasi ezikwi-intanethi kunye nokunikezela okwethutyana ootitshala abasesichengeni sokungena kwiiklasi zobuqu. Ngaphandle kwesitofu sokugonya, kunokubakho uqhambuko lwentsholongwane esikolweni. Ukunciphisa ifuthe labo kufuna ukuba bonke abasebenzi, ootitshala, kunye nabafundi bagcine ukudideka kwezentlalo, ukuba abafundi abagulayo bagcinwe ekhaya, kwaye nawaphi na amatyala alandelwa ngokulandelelana kovavanyo kunye novavanyo. Ukuqhambuka kwentsholongwane ngaphakathi ezikolweni kunokuncitshiswa ukuba abasebenzi besikolo bathathe iqondo lobushushu lomfundi ngamnye kunye notitshala mihla le. 

Ukugcinwa kwezentlalo kuya kugcinwa njani kumagumbi agcweleyo afumaneka kwizikolo zikarhulumente nezabucala zaseHawaii? Olunye uluvo kukubamba iiseshoni kabini ngosuku kunye nesiqingatha sabafundi abazimasa kusasa kunye nesiqingatha emva kwemini. Oku kuyakuvumela ukwanda kwezikhewu phakathi kwabafundi, nangona indleko zexesha elincinane lokufundela kunye nomqeqeshi. Ukuphulukana nexesha lokuyalela umntu ngaphakathi kungenziwa ngokuyinxenye kunye nexesha lokuyalela nge-intanethi ngexesha lesinye isiqingatha sosuku. Ukunqongophala kokufikelela kwabafundi abavela kwiintsapho ezinengeniso ephantsi ukuya kwiikhompyuter zasekhaya kunye nokunxibelelana kwe-intanethi yasekhaya kuya kufuna ukulungiswa kwesi sicwangciso sokusebenza. Ukunxiba iimaski kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo phakathi kwezikolo ezithile yenye indlela yokunciphisa amathuba okuqhambuka kosulelo. 

Ngaba iYunivesithi yaseHawaii kunye neeyunivesithi zikarhulumente ezizimeleyo kufuneka ziqale ngaphakathi kwiiklasi zomntu wakube uphakanyisiwe umyalelo wokuhlala ekhaya? Ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Matshi ngentwasahlobo ye-2020, iYunivesithi yaseHawaii 

ifuna i-faculty yayo kunye nabafundi ukuba batshintshe ukusuka kwi-in-person classes ukuya kwi-intanethi kwiiklasi. U-U kutshanje uthathe isigqibo sokubonelela ngazo zonke iiklasi zeeseshoni ze-2020 kwi-intanethi, isigqibo esenziwe lula ngokunyusa iipesenti zabafundi abakhetha ukuthatha iiklasi zeeseshoni zasehlobo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Abalawuli be-UH baya kudinga ukuthatha isigqibo kwangoko nge-Juni 2020 ukuba banikezele ngeeklasi zesemester yokuwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-intanethi. Ukuhambisa zonke iiklasi kwisemester yokuwa kwi-Intanethi sisigqibo esinobungozi. Abafundi abakwi-state-grade-state bangaphumelela ekuhlawuleni i-UH-Manoa ephakamileyo yokufundela inkqubo ye-intanethi kuphela. Abafundi abaphumelele izidanga kwiinkalo ezininzi baya kuthi balk kwinkqubo ye-intanethi ngokukodwa, njengokucebisa umntu, umsebenzi waselebhu, kunye nokunxibelelana koontanga zizinto eziphambili zeenkqubo ezininzi zokuthweswa izidanga. Kubugcisa, iiklasi ezininzi zibandakanya ukufundiswa ngomntu omnye okanye ii-ensembles ezincinci zabafundi abali-10 okanye ngaphantsi. Kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba siphakathi kubhubhane wehlabathi kwaye iiyunivesithi kwihlabathi liphela zijamelene nemicimbi efanayo. 

Ngaba kuyingozi kangakanani kwi-UH okanye kwiiyunivesithi zabucala ukuba zinikeze uqeqesho lomntu ngokobuqu kwisemester ye-2020? Ukuba ilizwe laseHawaii liphumeza imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yokulawula ubhubhane, ke phakathi ehlotyeni iHawaii inokuba yenye yezona ndawo zikhuselekileyo zabafundi abasafundela isidanga kunye nabaphumelele kwizifundo. Kakade ke abafundi benza izigqibo zokubhalisa ngenyanga ka-Epreli. Ukuzinikela kwi-UH ekufundiseni umntu ngokwakho kwisemester yokuwa kubandakanya umngcipheko wayo, eyona iphambili kukuba ingaba ubhubhane ungeniswe ngokwaneleyo phantsi kolawulo ngo-Agasti ukuvumela ukuyalelwa ngaphakathi komntu ukuba kuqhubeke. Abafundi abavela kumazwe angaphandle nakwilizwekazi lase-US ngokuqinisekileyo baya kufuna iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-antigen / antibody okanye bagqibile i-state-14 yeentsuku zokufika kwabatyeleli ukuba babhalise kwi-UH. I-faculty yabantu abadala abasengozini banokukhetha ukufundisa kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba i-UH ibonelela ngokuyalela umntu, kufuneka ifune ukuba bonke abasebenzi, ootitshala, kunye nabafundi bagcine ukuphambuka ekuhlaleni, ukuzahlula kunye nokuvavanya ukuba bayagula, kwaye onke amatyala e-coronavirus alandelwa ngokulandelelana komkhondo kunye novavanyo. 

Ukuqalisa ngokutsha uQoqosho lwezoKhenketho

Uqoqosho lwezokhenketho luza kuthatha ixesha elide ukuqala kwakhona kunolo olungelulo lwezokhenketho. Kungenxa yokuba ukhenketho oluvela phesheya kolwandle luya kuphinda luqale kwakhona xa (1) iyeza lokugonya liphuhlisiwe okanye (2) ubhubhane we-coronavirus ulawulwa ngokupheleleyo kwiindawo ezithumela abakhenkethi eHawaii okanye (3) iimvavanyo ze-antigen ezikhawulezayo zosuku olunye ziyafumaneka Iscreen sokundwendwela abanokubakho kwiofisi kagqirha wabo, indawo yokhathalelo olungxamisekileyo okanye isikhululo seenqwelomoya sasekhaya ngaphakathi kosuku lokushiya iHawaii. Uqikelelo olungenathemba lokuqalisa kwakhona kokhenketho oluvela phesheya ziinyanga ezili-12-18, ixesha elinokuthi lifuneke kuvavanyo lokugonya, ukuvelisa, kunye nokugonya okubanzi kwabantu baseHawaii ukuba kwenzeke. 

Ke, ukuba iinyanga ezili-12-18 ziqinisekile ukuba ukhenketho luza kuqala kwakhona, sesiphi isibikezelo esinethemba? Ukhenketho lunokuqhubeka kwakhona ngokukhawuleza ukuba iimeko ezimbini eziyimfuneko ziyafezekiswa: (1) Abakhenkethi abanokubona iHawaii njengendawo ekhuselekileyo yokundwendwela kwaye (2) abahlali baseHawaii banokuqinisekiswa ukuba abakhenkethi bakhululekile kwi-coronavirus. Imeko yokuqala inokwaneliseka ngamanye amaxesha ehlotyeni ukuba iHawaii yakhela kwimpumelelo esele iqhubekile ngokuqhubela phambili nokuvavanya, ukulandelela unxibelelwano, ukubekwa bucala, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yemaski eyacetyiswayo kule ngxelo. Imeko yesibini inokwaneliseka kweli hlobo ukuba uvavanyo lwe-antigen kunye ne-antibody olukhawulezileyo luyafumaneka ngokulula kubantu abafuna ukuya eholideyini eHawaii. Abahambi baya kuthatha uvavanyo olukhawulezayo lwe-antigen ngaphakathi kosuku lokukhwela inqwelomoya yabo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abayiphathi i-coronavirus. Uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-antigen lunokufuneka eHawaii ngaphakathi kosuku lokubaleka kwabahambi. Ngovavanyo lwe-antibody oluchanekileyo, umhambi ngekhe afune ukuthatha iimvavanyo ze-antigen. Uvavanyo olutsha lwe-antigen kunye ne-antibody luphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba uvavanyo lwe-antigen olukwaziyo ukubona intsholongwane kubathwali bezimpawu ziya kufumaneka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezizayo kunye nexesha elincinci lefestile, okt, ixesha apho umntu intsholongwane isavavanya ukuba awunayo. Iilebhu ze-Abbott ngoku zisasaza uvavanyo lwe-antigen olunika iziphumo ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-5-15; Olu vavanyo lunokusetyenziswa kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ukuthumela abakhweli eHawaii. Kwiimeko ezilungileyo kakhulu, xa urhulumente ephakamisa i-odolo yokuhlala ekhaya kamva kule ntwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo, uyakuphinda ahlukane nokuhamba yedwa kangangeentsuku ezili-14 kubakhenkethi abanovavanyo lwe-antigen oluqinisekisiweyo okanye ngovavanyo oluchanekileyo lomzimba. Kuyenzeka, kodwa kude nokuqinisekileyo, ukuba iHawaii iya kuba nomtsalane ngakumbi njengendawo yeholide kamva kulo nyaka ukuba yenye yeendawo zokuqala zabakhenkethi kwihlabathi lonke ukuba nesifo eso siphantsi kolawulo. 

Zininzi izinto ezinokuthi kwaye mhlawumbi ziya kunciphisa imeko ethembisayo. Uninzi lwabakhenkethi abanokubakho, ngakumbi abo basengozini, banokugqiba ekubeni bakuyeke ukuthatha ikhefu de kufumaneke iyeza lokugonya. Kutheni uthatha umngcipheko ngokungeyomfuneko? Abanye banokuthatha isigqibo sokubambela iiholide ezingabizi kufutshane nasekhaya ukonga imali okanye bathathe isigqibo sokuba bangathathi iholide ngenxa yokwehla kwengeniso yendlu kunye nobutyebi. Abanye banokuqhubeka nokuqonda ukuba umgama omde ngokwawo unokuba yingozi. Abanye banokufumanisa ukuba indawo ekuyiwa kuyo ayinamtsalane kuba ayivumeli iindibano ezinkulu, umzekelo, iindibano ezinkulu. Kule meko iphakathi, sinokubona kuphela ukuqala kwakhona kokhenketho kude kube kugonywe abantu baseMelika nabangaphandle. Okokugqibela, ukhenketho lwaseJapan luqale phantsi kancinci emva kwezinye iingxaki zopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ukubuya kancinci kwabakhenkethi baseJapan nakwamanye amazwe kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kumashishini ajolise kwezokhenketho eHawaii njengoko aba bakhenkethi behlala bechitha ngaphezulu kwabakhenkethi baseMelika. 

Ngaba iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa zinokuphinda ziqhubeke phakathi kweIihawaiian Islands ukuba bonke abakhweli kunye namalungu enqanawa angenise iziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-antigen okanye ze-antibody kwindawo yokukhwela? Ukusasazwa okukhawulezayo kwe-coronavirus kwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa kushiya oku kungathandabuzeki. Ukuxhalaba kuya kuhlala kungumkhweli omnye okanye nangaphezulu okanye iqela labasebenzi eliza kuthi ngokungazi lityibilike kwiscreen sovavanyo kwaye indawo ezixineneyo yenqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa iya kukhulisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-coronavirus. Abahlali abakwiindawo zokuhamba ngenqanawa eHawaii (Hilo, Kahului, Lihue, nase Honolulu) banokuba nexhala ngemeko yezempilo yokwehla kwabagibeli kunye nabasebenzi nokuba baqinisekisiwe ukuba abanayo intsholongwane. Lilonke, kunzima ukucinga ngeenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa eziqala ukusebenza kwakhona phakathi kweziqithi okanye phakathi kweHawaii kunye neendawo zaphesheya kude kuphuhliswe iyeza lokugonya kwaye bonke abakhweli kunye nabasebenzi baye bagonywa. 

Kunokuthanjiswa nini okanye kususwe imiqobo yokuhamba phakathi kweziqithi? Izithintelo zohambo phakathi kwazo naziphi na iziqithi ezibini zinokuyekiswa xa zozibini iziqithi zihlangabezene nezi meko zine (zichazwe apha ngasentla) zokuphumla kweeodolo zasekhaya / zikarhulumente. Siyaqaphela ukuba iziqithi ezinabantu abancinci, njengeKauai, banokukhathazeka ngakumbi malunga nokunyuka kweendwendwe ezivela kwisiqithi esinabantu abaninzi, njenge-Oahu. Ukuhamba phakathi kweziqithi phakathi kwabahlali ngeeholide okanye ukutyelelwa kusapho kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuncitshiswe ngenxa yokuncitshiswa okukhulu kwengeniso kunye nobutyebi kuninzi lwamakhaya aseHawaii. 

isiphelo

Zininzi izinto ezinokuthi kwaye mhlawumbi ziya kunciphisa imeko ethembisayo.
Uninzi lwabakhenkethi abanokubakho, ngakumbi abo basengozini, banokugqiba ekubeni bakuyeke ukuthatha ikhefu de kufumaneke iyeza lokugonya. Kutheni uthatha umngcipheko ngokungeyomfuneko? Abanye banokuthatha isigqibo sokubambela iiholide ezingabizi kufutshane nasekhaya ukonga imali okanye bathathe isigqibo sokuba bangathathi iholide ngenxa yokwehla kwengeniso yendlu kunye nobutyebi. Abanye banokuqhubeka nokuqonda ukuba umgama omde ngokwawo unokuba yingozi. Abanye banokufumanisa ukuba indawo ekuyiwa kuyo ayinamtsalane kuba ayivumeli iindibano ezinkulu, umzekelo, iindibano ezinkulu. Kule meko iphakathi, sinokubona kuphela ukuqala kwakhona kokhenketho kude kube kugonywe abantu baseMelika nabangaphandle. Okokugqibela, ukhenketho lwaseJapan luqale phantsi kancinci emva kwezinye iingxaki zopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ukubuya kancinci kwabakhenkethi baseJapan nakwamanye amazwe kuya kuba nzima kakhulu kumashishini ajolise kwezokhenketho eHawaii njengoko aba bakhenkethi behlala bechitha ngaphezulu kwabakhenkethi baseMelika. 

Ngaba iinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa zingaqala kwakhona ukuhamba phakathi kweIihawaiian Islands ukuba bonke abakhweli kunye nabasebenzi enqanaweni bazise iziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-antigen okanye i-antibody kwindawo yokukhwela? Ukusasazwa okukhawulezayo kwe-coronavirus kwiinqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa kushiya oku kungathandabuzeki. Ukuxhalaba kuya kuhlala kungumkhweli omnye okanye nangaphezulu okanye iqela labasebenzi eliza kuthi ngokungazi lityibilike kwiscreen sokuvavanya kwaye indawo ezixineneyo yenqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa iya kukhulisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-coronavirus. Abahlali abakwiindawo zokuhamba ngenqanawa eHawaii (Hilo, Kahului, Lihue, nase Honolulu) banokuba nexhala ngemeko yezempilo yokwehla kwabo bakhweleyo kunye nabasebenzi nokuba baqinisekisiwe ukuba abanayo intsholongwane. Lilonke, kunzima ukucinga ngeenqanawa zokuhamba ngenqanawa eziqala ukusebenza kwakhona phakathi kweziqithi okanye phakathi kweHawaii kunye neendawo zaphesheya kude kuphuhliswe isitofu kwaye bonke abakhweli kunye nabasebenzi bagonyiwe. 

Kunokuthanjiswa nini okanye kususwe imiqobo yokuhamba phakathi kweziqithi? Izithintelo zohambo phakathi kwazo naziphi na iziqithi ezibini zinokuyekiswa xa zozibini iziqithi zihlangabezene nezi meko zine (zichazwe apha ngasentla) zokuphumla kweeodolo zasekhaya / zikarhulumente. Siyaqaphela ukuba iziqithi ezinabantu abancinci, njengeKauai, banokukhathazeka ngakumbi malunga nokunyuka kweendwendwe ezivela kwisiqithi esinabantu abaninzi, njenge-Oahu. Ukuhamba phakathi kweziqithi phakathi kwabahlali ngeeholide okanye ukutyelelwa kusapho kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuncitshiswe ngenxa yokuncitshiswa okukhulu kwengeniso kunye nobutyebi kuninzi lwamakhaya aseHawaii. 

Malunga nabaBhali 

USumner La Croix nguNjingalwazi u-Emeritus we-UH yezoQoqosho kunye noPhando kwiYunivesithi yaseHawaii yoPhando lwezoQoqosho. 

UTim Brown liQela eliPhezulu kwiziko laseMpuma-Ntshona.

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Incwadi Entsha:
ISumner La Croix, IHawaii: Iminyaka engama-800 yoTshintsho kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho.  IChicago neLondon: IYunivesithi yaseChicago Press, 2019. Thenga i-hardcover okanye ii-Kindle editions kwi Amazon.com okanye uthenge okanye uqeshe incwadi e IYunivesithi yaseChicago Press.