Noko ke, akuzange kube sekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 apho ezi mbewu zantshula zikhula. icandelo lewayini. Ukuhamba kumanzi anesiphithiphithi ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1800 ukuya koo-1930, UruguayIndawo yewayini yamelana nezaqhwithi ze-phylloxera, ukuDodobala okuKhulu, kunye nezidubedube zeMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini.
I-Phylloxera, utshaba olungayekeleliyo, lwahlasela iingcambu zomdiliya, lwabangela ukutshatyalaliswa okubanzi kunye nelahleko yeentlobo zediliya ezixabisekileyo. Ukubuyiselwa kweshishini kuye kwanyamezela, kufuna iminyaka yokuphinda kutyalwe iingcambu ezixhathisayo kunye neentlobo ezifanelekileyo zediliya.
Uqhwithela lwezoqoqosho lokuDodobala Okukhulu (1929–1939) lwaphinda lwavavanya ngakumbi umgangatho weshishini lewayini laseUruguay. Njengoko ukudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi kukhokelela kwinkcitho yabathengi, urhwebo lwewayini luye lwaba nefuthe ngaphakathi nangaphandle. IMfazwe Yehlabathi II (1939–1945) yaluphazamisa urhwebo, yajikijela izixhobo zokusebenza kwiinzame zemfazwe kwaye yashiya uphawu olungacimekiyo kwimveliso yewayini yaseUruguay.
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, ishishini lewayini elikhulayo lafumana ihlakani kubaphambukeli abavela kwimimandla yaseBasque kunye ne-Italian. Okuqaphelekayo, uDon Pascual Harriague, umboniseli waseBasque, washiya ugxininiso ngokuzisa umdiliya weTannat yaseFransi eUruguay ngo 1870. Esi sigqibo sabeka isiseko sokuba uTannat avele njengophawu lomdiliya waseUruguay.
Embindini we 20th century kwabakho omnye umzuzu obalulekileyo ngokuziswa kodidi lomdiliya iAlbanno ngabaphambukeli abasuka kwingingqi yase Galician e Spain ngomnyaka ka 1954. Oku kudityaniswa kwendidi zediliya ezohlukeneyo zongeza ubutyebi kunye nokwahluka kwitapestry yokwenza iwayini yase Uruguay.
IDiplomatic Pour: IsiVumelwano soRhwebo lwamahala lweMercosur (1991)
Ukutyhilwa kwesahluko esitsha kwimbali yewayini yaseUruguay kwangqamana neSivumelwano soRhwebo ngokuKhululwa kweMercosur ngowe-1991. Ngokudibanisa iArgentina, iBrazil, iParaguay, neUruguay, esi sivumelwano sasilwela “ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kweempahla, iinkonzo, kunye nemiba yemveliso phakathi kwamazwe.” Nangona kunjalo, imbono yokulawula okunokwenzeka yiBrazil neArgentina yabonakala inkulu ngenxa yeendleko zabo ezisezantsi zemveliso. Ukusabela, i-Uruguay ithathe uhlengahlengiso olunobuchule, iphakamisa umgangatho wewayini zayo kunye nokuqinisa iinzame zokuthengisa ukuze ibone iintlobo zayo ezizodwa ze-terroir kunye neediliya. Le ntshukumo inesibindi ibonise i-niche ekhethekileyo yeewayini zaseUruguay kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.
Iidiliya zokwahlula: IVinous Symphony yaseUruguay
Imozulu yaseUruguay, ixesha elongeziweyo lexesha lokukhula, nomhlaba owahlukileyo ubonelela ngeseyile efanelekileyo kumdiliya weTannat ukuze uvuthwe ngendlela engenakuthelekiswa nanto—nto leyo enzima nakumzantsi-ntshona weFransi. Abacebisi bamazwe ngamazwe, iinkosi zealchemy yesidiliya, bathambe iitannins ezoyikekayo zeTannat ngobuchule obufana ne-micro-oxygenation kunye nokuguga komphanda. Iziphumo yiwayini yeTannat engantsonkothanga nje kuphela kodwa efikelelekayo kwisigaba sangaphambili xa ithelekiswa nenkampani yaseFransi.
Iiwayini zeTannat ezisuka eUruguay zidanisa emlonyeni, ziveza incasa entsonkothileyo yeziqhamo ezimnyama, ukusuka kwiqunube ukuya kwicurrant emnyama. Ngokuphenjelelwa kunyango lwe-oki, ezi wayini zinokuvakala ngamanqaku etshokholethi okanye espresso. I-Tannat, elawula malunga nekota yezidiliya zase-Uruguay, yabelana ngokugqamayo kunye neentlobo ezimhlophe ezifana neChardonnay, iSauvignon Blanc, iAlbariño, kunye neViognier.
Strategic Symphony: Ukuhlelwa kunye neMimiselo
Ngo-1988, urhulumente wase-Uruguay wanika i-Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura (INAVI) ukuba ibe yongamela ishishini lewayini. Injongo ye-INAVI yayicacile: ukuphucula umgangatho wewayini kunye nokulima iimarike ezithumela ngaphandle. Ukuma okubambekayo kwaqhubeka ngo-1989 ngamaphulo okukhuthaza iwayini yaseUruguay kwihlabathi jikelele. Umzuzu obalulekileyo wafika ngo-1993 xa iUruguay yaba lilizwe lokuqala laseMzantsi Melika ukuwisa isithintelo sokusebenzisa amagama adumileyo engingqi yewayini kwiileyibhile zasekhaya, esomeleza ukuzibophelela kwayo kubunyani.
IVinos de Calidad Preferent (VCP) inkqubo yokuhlelwa kwewayini, eyasekwa ngo-1993, ibonakalisa ngakumbi ukuzinikela kweUruguay kumgangatho. Eyilwe ngomdiliya we-Vitis vinifera, iwayini ze-VCP ziqhayisa ngomxholo we-alcohol-by-volume (ABV) osuka kwi-8.6% ukuya kwi-15%. Ezi wayini, zipakishwe nge-750 ml okanye iibhotile zeglasi ezincinci, zihlelwa ngokwemigangatho emibini: iVino Común (VC) emele iwayini yetafile kunye neentlobo zerosé ezizezona ziphambili.
I-Uruguay yeVinous Tapestry: Iimpawu ezahlukileyo
Ibekwe kwindawo enokuthelekiswa nelizwe laseWisconsin, e-Uruguay, enabemi bakhona njengaseConnecticut, ibambe ilifa elahlukileyo laseYurophu ngenxa yoovulindlela abasuka e-Itali naseSpain. Ubuhle bejografi yelizwe, imozulu evumayo, kunye nemimandla eyahlukeneyo, kunye nemithombo yombane oveliswa ngamanzi, zenza umzobo omangalisayo. Uthungelwano olushinyeneyo lwe-hydrographic luxhasa ezolimo, luncediswa ngabasebenzi abafundiswe kakuhle, iziseko ezingundoqo zomhlaba owahlukileyo, kunye nomdiliya weTannat-ukubonisa amandla e-Uruguay ukuba abe ngumdlali ophambili kwibala lewayini lehlabathi.
Uloyiso lwangoku kunye neFuture Oenophilic Horizons
I-Uruguay ngoku izidla malunga ne-5,000 yeehektare zezidiliya, ikhaya kwi-180 ukuya kwi-250 yeendawo zewayini ezizezosapho. Ummandla weMetropolitan uphethe uninzi, kunye neseti ephawulekayo ebeka phambili iiwayini ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zikwazi ukuthumela ngaphandle kumazwe ngamazwe. Xa ithelekiswa ngobukhulu neSaint Emilion yaseBordeaux kwaye incinci kancinci kune-Alexander Valley yaseCalifornia, imimandla yewayini yaseUruguay ibonisa imosaic yemozulu yaselwandle kunye ne-terroir ephawulwe ngomhlaba wegranite. Imbonakalo yomhlaba ityhila iintaba, izidiliya eziphakamileyo kunye nezidiliya zasentlango, zixhamla kwimvula eninzi ephenjelelwa lulwandle lweAtlantiki.
Abantu baseUruguay, abaziwayo njengeenkokeli zehlabathi ekusetyenzisweni kwewayini ngomntu ngamnye, basela umyinge ozilitha ezingama-24 ngonyaka. Ngelixa imfuno yasekhaya ihleli igxile, imveliso yewayini yase-Uruguay ikhulisa ukufikelela kwayo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye neBrazil ehamba phambili ekuthengiseni ngaphandle. Iimarike ezikhulayo ziquka i-United Kingdom, iSweden, iJamani, iBelgium, kunye ne-United States.
Iingcaphephe zewayini zamazwe ngamazwe zazisa ngokunyuka kwe-Uruguay kushishino lwewayini lwehlabathi, luphenjelelwa ziinkampani zewayini ezijoyina i-Uruguay Sustainable Viticulture Programme. Le nkqubo iintshatsheli ezilandelekayo, izenzo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, ebonisa indlela apho iwayini zaseUruguay zilungele ukunyuka ngakumbi ngomgangatho kunye nokubaluleka kwinqanaba lehlabathi. I-symphony yempumelelo ilindelwe njenge-Uruguay, enombono wokudityaniswa kwesiko kunye nokuqamba izinto ezintsha, ubugcisa belifa lehlabathi lewayini.
© UGqirha Elinor Garely. Inqaku lelungelo lokushicilela, kubandakanya iifoto, alinakuphinda liveliswe ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo evela kumbhali.
