Iziqithi zaseSolovetsky, eRashiya - Isenokuba sisithombe esihle: Iikotyi ezonyukayo zoonongendi zivela kuLwandle oluMhlophe lwaseRussia kanye njengoko uAlexander Solzhenitsyn wazichazayo, kodwa abakhenkethi abonwabileyo kwindawo ye-Soviet Union yeyona nkampu inobundlobongela. kubabingeleli kunye nabaphengululi ngokufanayo.
Zombini iinkampu zacela ukuba iiSolovetsky Islands zinikwe inqanaba elikhethekileyo lokukhuselwa nanjengoko iRussia yabamba iinkonzo zomngcwabo ngoLwesithathu kuSolzhenitsyn, oneengxelo ezikhohlakeleyo zeGulag Archipelago ngonaphakade zatyhila imbali yazo embi.
Umbhali wezithonjana, ecinga ukuba iinkampu ziya kujonga njani kulomntu 'ufikayo' ubhale wathi, 'Uyabona ukuba iinkokheli zeqela zikhupha abasebenzi ngeeklabhu ezinde. Uyabona ukuba izilenge kunye neenqwelwana azitsalwa ngamahashe kodwa ngamadoda (aliqela abotshwe ze ze afakwe kwirigi enye). '
Ngoku, iziqithi ezisemantla ezingavumelekanga zindwendwela abakhenkethi basehlotyeni abahlambayo kunye nokuhamba ngeenqanawa phambi kweendonga zeemonki zenkulungwane ye-16.
U-Archpriest uGeorgy Mitrofanov ngolwe-Lwesibini uzichasile izicwangciso zomnyhadala womculo kwiSolovetsky Island 'njengezingahlambulukanga ngokwenkcubeko,' esithi 'Ubugcisa bokuzichaza kumatye apho igazi labaphalazwa khona amabanjwa angama-70,000 kukuziphatha gwenxa.'
Kodwa lo msindo ufihla ubutshaba obunzulu phakathi kokhenketho kunye namabango enkolo kwisiqithi abathi abaphandi bathi yi-microcosm yemizamo emitsha yaseRussia yokugubungela iinkcukacha ezimbi zeGulag.
'Namhlanje eSolovki, ngomso eRussia, utshilo umbhali-mbali u-Yuri Brodsky, ecaphula uSolzhenitsyn, obomi bakhe babuzinikele ekurekhodweni kweenkampu ezoyikisayo.
Kwi-pier yodwa kwidolophu ehluphekayo yaseKem, apho abahamba kaloliwe abothukileyo bafumba ngeeyure zasekuseni ukulinda ubusuku obumhlophe bezikhephe eziya eSolovetsky, ukwahlukana okungathandekiyo kurhwebo lwezokhenketho kwesi siqithi kuyikhathuni.
Iipilgrim zithwele izikhafu zentloko kunye nabefundisi bemi emgceni kwizikhephe ezisandula ukupeyintwa, iipeki ezineminqamlezo kunye nee icon, ngelixa ibhegi exubeneyo yeenkampi kunye nabaphambukeli abaphethe ikhamera belinde isikhephe esinentambo.
Phantse ama-38,000 abeka abakhenkethi ngonyaka, kodwa i-monasteri iqhuba iindwendwe ezahlukileyo kwinani elikhulayo labahambi bezenkolo.
Urhulumente waseSoviet waqala ukuhambisa uSolovetsky egazini lakhe elidlulileyo kwaye waliguqulela kubakhenkethi ngo-1960, xa ikopi kaSolzhenitsyn ingakufaka entolongweni.
Imyuziyam yenziwa kumzi woonongendi ngo-1967, kodwa abasebenzi babengavunyelwa ukuba bazi ukuba ngaphezulu kwama-10,000 XNUMX amabanjwa ezepolitiki asweleka apho ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha seminyaka ngaphambili.
U-Brodsky uchithe loo hlobo ehlotyeni kunye ne-KGB ukufota iifreyimu zamabanjwa ezindongeni, amangcwaba amahlathi alibalekileyo kunye nezinye iinkampu ngaphambi kokuba zikhutshwe.
Iifoto zakhe, ukhumbula uBrodsky, ekhutshwe kwifolda 'eyothusa wonke umntu oyibonileyo.'
NgoJuni ka-1973, u-Brodsky wathi i-KGB 'yaqhubeka nokuzingela amagqwirha' emva kokuba umntu othile ethe waqaba ngepeyinti ebomvu kwiindonga zoonongendi ezihlanjwe ngabamhlophe isiqubulo esilihlazo esithi 'Isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50 seSoviet Special Purpose Camp.'
Kwakusele iinyanga nje ngaphambi kokuba uSolzhenitsyn owaphumelela uMvuzo weNobel agxothwe kwiSoviet Union.
Ngo-Perestroika, u-Brodsky kunye nabanye abakhankaseli baphumelele ilungelo lokuvula imiboniso yokuqala enikezelwe kwi-Gulags ngo-1988, kwaye iimonki zokuqala zabuyela kwi-monastery.
UNikolai, omnye wabahlali besi siqithi oneminyaka engama-900, ukhumbula kabuhlungu indlela iziseko zakudala zabakhenkethi zeSoviet Union ezazinikelwa ngayo kwiimonki.
'Babengenanto, abantu babanike oomatrasi kunye nayo yonke into,' utshilo uNikolai, 54, kwivili yeloli yakhe, elungiselela ukuhamba ngesikhephe kubakhenkethi ehlotyeni kwaye isebenza njenge-ambulensi yalapha ebusika.
'Ngoku bapholile,' wakrokra malunga neemonki. 'Owayesakuba nguMongameli uVladimir) uPutin wanika utata uFillip imoto, uSolzhenitsyn wanika utata uNikolai.'
Abaphandi boyika ukuxhaswa ngurhulumente ngale mvuselelo yenkolo ibonwa kuyo yonke indawo eSolovetsky iya kujika ibe yenye indlela yokugubungela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwexesha leSoviet.
Kukhenketho lwesiqithi, u-Brodsky wema komnye weminqamlezo elula eyenziwe ngomthi ephawula amangcwaba amaninzi. Esalatha kwingcwaba elitsha elalimi phezu kwengcwaba, wathi: 'Ludwelisa kuphela amagama abafeli-nkolo abangamaOthodoki, kodwa kwabulawa amawaka hayi bonke ngenxa yokholo lwabo. Akulunganga. '
U-Masha Lipman weziko lase-Carnegie laseMoscow uthe: 'Iinkumbulo zamaGulags zithathelwa ingqalelo yicawa ngokungathi zonke izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zaziyintshutshiso yelizwe.
'Yindlela entsha yokufihla imbali enomdla kurhulumente, utshilo, kuba icawe ijolise ekubulaweni kwabantu ababuleweyo, endaweni yolwaphulo-mthetho lokusweleka kwabo, kwaye ngubani owenze oko.
Uninzi lweenkokeli zaseRashiya zi-arhente zangaphambili zeKGB, engazange iyivume indima yayo ekuqhubeni inkqubo yeGulag, edume kakubi ngokubambisana neCawa yobuOthodoki kwiminyaka yamva.
Ngelixa uSolzhenitsyn ebekwa endaweni yakhe yokuphumla ngolwe-Lwesithathu, abakhankasi balile ukuba iRussia ayinasikhumbuzo sikazwelonke okanye imyuziyam enikezelwe kwimbangela yokuqhuba ukubhala kwakhe ngaphandle koloyiko.
