The Umbutho wamazwe ngamazwe oThutho loMoya (IATA) ibonakalise imeko esezantsi yokukhanya kosasazo lwe-COVID-19 ngenani elihlaziyiweyo lamatyala apapashiweyo. Ukusukela ukuqala kwe2020 bekukho iimeko ezingama-44 Covid-19 Kuxelwe apho usasazo lucingelwa ukuba lwalunxulunyaniswa nohambo lwenqwelomoya (kubandakanywa iimeko eziqinisekisiweyo, ezinokwenzeka kunye ezinokubakho). Kwangelo xesha linye abakhweli abayi-1.2 yezigidi zezigidi baye bahamba.
“Umngcipheko womntu oza kukhwela kwi-COVID-19 ngelixa ekhwele ubonakala uphantsi kakhulu. Ngamatyala angama-44 kuphela anokuchazwa okunxulumene nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya phakathi kwabahambi abayi-1.2 yezigidigidi, yimeko enye kubo bonke abahambi abazizigidi ezingama-27. Siyaqonda ukuba oku kunokuba yinto ethathelwa phantsi kodwa nokuba ama-90% amatyala ebengakhange axelwe, inokuba yinto enye kubo bonke abahambi abazizigidi ezi-2.7. Sicinga ukuba la manani aqinisekisa kakhulu. Ngapha koko, uninzi lwamatyala apapashiweyo enzeka phambi kokuba ukunxitywa kwempahla kugqunywe isibane, ”utshilo uGqirha David Powell, uMcebisi ngezoNyango e-IATA.
Ukuqonda okutsha ukuba kutheni amanani ephantsi kangaka kuvela kupapasho oludibeneyo lwe-Airbus, iBoeing kunye ne-Embraer yophando olwahlukileyo lwamanzi olwenziweyo (CFD) olwenziwe ngumenzi ngamnye kwinqwelomoya. Ngelixa iindlela zokwahluka kancinci, ulinganiso ngalunye olunenkcukacha luqinisekisile ukuba iinkqubo zokuhamba komoya kweenqwelo moya zilawula ukuhamba kwamasuntswana kwikhabhathi, kuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane. Idatha evela kwimodeli evelise iziphumo ezifanayo:
- Iinkqubo zokuhamba komoya, ukuCoca okuPhezulu kweParticulate Air (HEPA), isithintelo sendalo sokubuyela umva, ukuhamba komoya, kunye namazinga aphezulu otshintshiselwano lomoya anciphisa ngokufanelekileyo umngcipheko wosulelo lwezifo ebhodini ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo.
- Ukongezwa kokunxiba imaski phakathi kwenkxalabo yendyikitya yokufa yongeza amanye amacwecwe okhuselo, enza ukuba kuhlalwe kufutshane kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yenqwelomoya yenqwelomoya kunezinye iindawo ezingaphakathi endlwini.
Ukuqokelela Iinkcukacha
Ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kwe-IATA, kunye neziphumo zokulinganisa okwahlukileyo, ukungqinelana namanani asezantsi axelwe kuphononongo olusandula ukupapashwa lontanga nguFreedman noWilder-Smith kwi Umbhalo weMpilo yeeMpilo. Nangona kungekho ndlela yokumisela ngokuthe ngqo iimeko ezinxulumene nenqwelomoya, ukufikelela kwi-IATA kwiinkampani zeenqwelomoya nakwiziphathamandla zempilo yoluntu kudityaniswa nokuphononongwa ngokuchanekileyo koncwadi olukhoyo akubonisanga bungqina bokuba ukuhanjiswa kweebhodi kuyo nayiphi na indlela kuqhelekile okanye kuxhaphakile. Ngapha koko, isifundo sikaFreedman / Wilder-Smith sikhomba ekusebenzeni kokunxiba imaski ekwehliseni umngcipheko ngakumbi.
Indlela ecwangcisiweyo yeMilinganiselo yokuThintela
Ukunxiba imaski kwibhodi kwacetyiswa yi-IATA ngoJuni kwaye iyinto efunekayo kwiimoto ezininzi ukususela oko kwapapashwa emva koko kwaphunyezwa isiKhokelo sokuThathwa nguMbutho wezoPhapho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe (ICAO). Esi sikhokelo songeza iindawo ezininzi zokukhusela ngaphezulu kweenkqubo zokuhamba komoya esele ziqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo yehabhin enobungozi obuphantsi kakhulu bosulelo lwezifo.
“Isikhokelo esibanzi se-ICAO sokuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo komoya phakathi kwengxaki ze-COVID-19 zixhomekeke kumanqanaba okhuselo amaninzi, abandakanya izikhululo zeenqwelo moya kunye nenqwelomoya. Ukunxiba imaski yenye yezona zibonakalayo. Kodwa ulayini olawulwayo, ukuqhubekeka ngaphandle konxibelelwano, ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwindlu, kunye nokwenza lula iinkonzo zibhodi ziphakathi kwamanyathelo amaninzi athatyathwa ngumzi-mveliso wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Kwaye oku kuphezu kwento yokuba iinkqubo zokuhamba komoya ziyilelwe ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo ezinamazinga aphezulu okuhamba komoya kunye namazinga otshintshiselwano lomoya, kunye nokucocwa okusebenzayo kakhulu kwawo nawuphi na umoya ohlaziyiweyo, ”utshilo uPowell.
Iimpawu zoyilo lwenqwelomoya zongeza olunye ukhuseleko ekuncediseni kwizigameko ezisezantsi zokuhambisa ukukhanya. Oku kubandakanya:
- Ukunxibelelana ubuso ngobuso ngobuso njengoko abakhweli bajonge phambili kwaye bahamba malunga nokuncinci
- Iziphumo zokubuyela emva kwesihlalo njengesiqobo somzimba ekuhambeni komoya ukusuka kolunye umqolo ukuya kolunye
- Ukuncitshiswa kokuhamba komoya okuqhubela phambili, kunye noyilo lokuhamba okuhamba ngokwahlula-hluli olujolise ngokubanzi ezantsi ezantsi ukusuka kwisilingi ukuya kumgangatho
- Izinga eliphezulu lomoya omtsha oza kungena kwikhabhathi. Umoya utshintshaniswa ngama-20 ukuya kuma-30 ngeyure kwibhodi yeenqwelomoya ezininzi, ezithelekisa kakuhle nendawo ephakathi yeofisi (umyinge wama-2-3 amaxesha ngeyure) okanye izikolo (umndilili wama-10-15 amaxesha ngeyure)
- Ukusetyenziswa kweefilitha ze-HEPA ezingaphezulu kwe-99.9% yeebhaktiriya / inqanaba lokususa intsholongwane ekuqinisekiseni ukuba unikezelo lomoya olungena kule ndlwana asiyondlela yokwazisa iintsholongwane.
Izifundo zoMenzi
Ukudibana kwezi zinto zoyilo ekudaleni imeko enobungozi obuncinci kwakuqondwa ngokuchanekileyo kodwa kungazange kulandelwe ngaphambili ngaphambi kokulinganisa kweCFD ngabavelisi abathathu abaphambili kwikhabhathi nganye yeenqwelomoya. Oku kulandelayo zizinto eziphambili ezivela kuphando lwabenzi:
Airbus
I-Airbus isebenzise iCFD ukwenza ukulinganisa komoya ngokuchanekileyo kwi-A320, ukubona ukuba amathontsi abangelwa kukukhohlela ahamba njani ngaphakathi komoya wekhabhathi. Ukulinganisa kubalwe iiparameter ezinje ngesantya somoya, ulwalathiso kunye nobushushu kumanqaku ayi-50 ezigidi kwikhabhathi, ukuya kuthi ga kumawaka e-1,000 ngomzuzwana.
I-Airbus emva koko isebenzise izixhobo ezifanayo ukumodareyitha imeko engeyiyo yenqwelomoya, nabantu abaliqela abagcina iinyawo ezintandathu (1.8 yeemitha) umgama phakathi kwabo. Isiphumo kukuba ukubonakaliswa okunokubakho kwakusezantsi xa uhleli ecaleni kwendiza kunokuba uhleli iinyawo ezintandathu ngaphandle kweofisi, igumbi lokufundela okanye ivenkile.
"Emva kokuphindaphindwa okuninzi, okuneenkcukacha ezininzi kusetyenziswa ezona ndlela zichanekileyo zenzululwazi ezikhoyo, sinedatha ekhonkrithi etyhila ukuba inqwelomoya yenqwelomoya inika indawo ekhuselekileyo kunezindawo zoluntu zangaphakathi," utshilo uBruno Fargeon, Ubunjineli beAirbus kunye nenkokheli yeAirbus Keep Trust. kwiNkqubo yokuHamba koMoya. "Indlela ujikeleza ngayo umoya, ucocwe kwaye utshintshwe kwiinqwelomoya kudala indawo ekhethekileyo apho ukhuselekile uhleli ecaleni ecaleni njengokuba ubunokuma malunga neenyawo ziimitha emhlabeni."
iBoeing
Sebenzisa i-CFD, abaphandi be-Boeing balanda umkhondo wendlela amasuntswana akhohlela kunye nokuphefumla ahamba ngayo kwindlwana yenqwelomoya. Iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zafundwa kubandakanya umgibeli okhohlela kunye nangaphandle kwesigqubuthelo, umgibeli okhohlayo ebekwe kwizihlalo ezahlukileyo kubandakanya isihlalo esiphakathi, kunye nokwahluka okwahlukileyo kwabahambi abakhwela umoya (abaziwa njengegesi) nangaphandle.
"Le modeli igqibe inani lamasuntswana okukhohlela angene kwindawo yokuphefumla yabanye abakhweli", utshilo uDan Freeman, injineli eyintloko ye-Boeing's Confident Travel Initiative. “Emva koko sithelekise imeko efanayo kwezinye iimeko, njengegumbi lenkomfa yeofisi. Ngokusekelwe kubalo lwamasuntswana asemoyeni, abakhweli abahleli ecaleni kwenqwelomoya kuyafana nokuma ngaphezulu kweemitha ezimbini okanye kwiimitha ezimbini ukuqheleka kwimeko yesiqhelo yokwakha. ”
Embraer
Sebenzisa i-CFD, ukuhamba komoya wekhabhathi kunye neemodeli zokusasazeka kwamathambo eziqinisekiswe kuvavanyo lwekhabhathi olupheleleyo, u-Embraer wahlalutya imeko yeekhabhathi ethathela ingqalelo umkhweli okhohlela kwizitulo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zokuhamba komoya kwiinqwelomoya zethu ezahlukeneyo ukulinganisa ezi zinto zixabisekileyo kunye nefuthe lazo. I-Embraer yophando egqityiweyo ibonisa ukuba umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kwibhodi usezantsi kakhulu, kwaye eyona datha kuhanjiso lwenqwelomoya olunokwenzeka, luxhasa ezi ziphumo.
U-Luis Carlos Affonso, usekela-Mongameli oMkhulu wezoBunjineli, ubuChwepheshe kunye neQhinga, u-Embraer, uthe, “Imfuno yomntu yokuhamba, ukunxibelelana nokubona abantu esibathandayo ayikapheli. Ngapha koko, ngamaxesha anje, sidinga iintsapho zethu kunye nabahlobo nangakumbi. Umyalezo wethu namhlanje kukuba ngenxa yetekhnoloji kunye neenkqubo ezikhoyo, ungabhabha ngokukhuselekileyo- lonke uphando lubonisa oku. Ngapha koko, indawo yokuhlala yenqwelomoya yenye yeendawo ezikhuselekileyo ezikhoyo naphi na ngeli xesha lobhubhane. ”
Ukhuseleko luhlala luseyona nto iphambili
Le nzame yophando ibonisa intsebenziswano kunye nokuzinikela kukhuseleko lwabo bonke ababandakanyekayo kuthutho lomoya kwaye inikezela ubungqina bokuba umoya wekhabhathi ukhuselekile.
I-Aviation ifumana igama layo kukhuseleko ngendiza nganye. Oku kwahlukile ngokubhabha ngexesha le-COVID-19. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lwe-IATA lufumanise ukuba i-86% yabahambi bamva ibivakalelwa kukuba amanyathelo eshishini le-COVID-19 ayabagcina bekhuselekile kwaye aphunyezwa kakuhle.
“Akukho namnye umlinganiso wembumbulu yesilivere oya kwenza ukuba siphile kwaye sihambe ngokukhuselekileyo kwiminyaka ye-COVID-19. Kodwa ukudityaniswa kwamanyathelo abekiweyo kukuqinisekisa abahambi kwihlabathi liphela ukuba i-COVID-19 ayoyisanga inkululeko yabo yokubhabha. Akukho nto ingenabungozi ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ngamatyala angama-44 apapashiweyo okusasazeka kwe-COVID-19 phakathi kwabahambi abayi-1.2 bhiliyoni, umngcipheko wokufumana intsholongwane ebhodini ubonakala ukwicandelo elinye nokubethwa ngumbane, utshilo u-Alexandre de Juniac, uMlawuli Jikelele we-IATA kunye ne-CEO .
“Uphando oluneenkcukacha lwamanzi olwenziweyo olwenziwayo olwenziwa ngabavelisi beenqwelomoya lubonisa ukuba ukudibanisa izixhobo zoyilo lwenqwelomoya kunye nokunxiba imaski kudala imeko enobungozi obunobunzima ekusasazeni i-COVID-19. Njengesiqhelo, iinqwelomoya, abavelisi kunye nawo onke amaziko abandakanyekayo kwezokukhwela inqwelomoya aya kukhokelwa yinzululwazi kunye neendlela ezilungileyo zehlabathi ukugcina ukubhabha kukhuselekile kubakhweli nabasebenzi, utshilo u-de Juniac.
INTO ONOKUYITHATHA KWELI NQAKU:
- IATA's data collection, and the results of the separate simulations, align with the low numbers reported in a recently published peer-reviewed study by Freedman and Wilder-Smith in the Journal of Travel Medicine.
- Mask-wearing on board was recommended by IATA in June and is a common requirement on most airlines since the subsequent publication and implementation of the Takeoff Guidance by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
- And this is on top of the fact that airflow systems are designed to avoid the spread of disease with high air flow rates and air exchange rates, and highly effective filtration of any recycled air,” said Powell.
